Use Of Electrical Energy Research Articles

Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen from Biomass: Pyrolysis and Gasification

Today, hydrogen is one of the best options for generating electrical energy, for both industrial and residential use. The greatest volume of hydrogen produced today derives from processes that utilize petroleum. Although hydrogen has numerous benefits, continuing to produce it by these means is undesirable. This document presents a review of the literature on biohydrogen production based on an analysis of over 15 types of terrestrial and marine biomasses. The fundamental components of different production systems are described, with a focus on the thermochemical processes of pyrolysis and gasification, which have been identified as two of the most effective, practical ways to produce hydrogen from biomass. It also discusses catalysts, solid residues, and residual water that are used in the thermochemical production of biohydrogen. The article ends with an analysis of hydrogen and its benefits as an energy option with great potential in the short term to participate in the transition from fossil fuels.

An Implementation of Lighting Control Systems Buildings with Time Based Mapping and AC Light Dimmer Integrated IoT

The use of a building lighting control system is very necessary to regulate lighting in a building to suit needs, because not only low lighting conditions can cause discomfort, lighting conditions that are too bright can also cause discomfort. The problem is that natural light cannot play much of a role in lighting buildings which are generally closed and have minimal ventilation, as well as the availability of lighting which, if not controlled properly, cannot directly meet the lighting needs of the building, whether it is the value of the light intensity produced, mapping the lighting of the lights, setting the duration of the use of lights as lighting or in the case of excessive lighting by turning on all the available lights in the room becomes a problem in terms of efficient use of electrical energy, so a special system design is needed to overcome this problem, namely the implementation of a building lighting control system. with time-based mapping and an AC light dimmer integrated with the Internet of Things which has a specific purpose as a system for controlling building lighting to suit needs, whether it is setting the light intensity value, mapping the use of lights or setting the time of use of lights as lighting. The test results have shown that the implementation system for the building lighting control system with time-based mapping and AC Light Dimmer which has been integrated with the Internet of Things as remote control and monitoring communication has been successfully implemented and is working well according to the specified targets. Keywords: lighting, AC light dimmer, mapping, Internet of Things.

The Provision of Public Street Lighting Based on Risk Mitigation for Energy Efficiency and Environmental Protection

Public Street Lighting (PSL) is part of road infrastructure that is vital for the safety and comfort of road users. The availability of PSL can also boost the economic growth of a municipality because the longevity of activities from the population and the industry is increased. The crucial role of PSL is still not being offset with good availability and management most municipalities in Indonesia still cannot fulfill the needs of good PSL requirements and using a lot of electricity. This is due to the lack of PSL management in Indonesia is caused by the limitations of technical aspect management and lack of technological availability, limitations of the administrative function as well as lack of alternative financing scheme. To accelerate the availability of PSL and to optimize the management it needs an efficient provision scheme and mitigate risk caused by the ineffective management of PSL. The methodology that is being used in this research are problem solver and risk sharing approaches. The result of this research shows that compared to conventional procurement from the state budget, the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme can solve most of the provision and management problems of PSL. In the PPP scheme, there is a risk transfer of 80% from the government to the public sector so that PSL services are better, this is balanced by the positive value of Value for Money (VFM). The energy efficiency potential of the PSL PPP can reduce up to 53% of electrical energy use from replacing lamps in PSL. The use of LED lights makes waste from PSL more environmentally friendly because it does not contain mercury like traditional lamps which are widely used in PSL and reduces CO2 emissions produced by electrical energy.The Government must promote the PPP scheme as part of innovative financing for the provision and management of PSL in Indonesia as there are only 3 out of 514 municipalities that has already implemented the PPP scheme for PSL Project.

EN Optimization strategy for system management of cold thermal energy storage (CTES) in conditions of dynamic changes in energy carrier value

In world of contemporary challenges involving the continual increase in demand for energy resources and corresponding environmental pollution, the necessity has arisen to develop and implement advanced technologies to reduce energy consumption. This calls for enhancing energy utilization efficiency and optimizing energy generation systems, taking into account the utilization of alternative and renewable energy sources. Specifically, thermal energy storage becomes crucial as an effective economic option. Thermal energy storage systems enable meeting heating or cooling needs during optimal periods when it is more energy-efficient. Traditional management methods rarely prove optimal due to fluctuating electricity tariffs, cooling loads, and ambient temperature. This leads to suboptimal achievement of maximum savings in the utilization of thermal energy storage systems. In this work, the advantages of Cold Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) systems based on Ice Thermal Energy Storage (ITES) were analysed alongside existing management strategies implemented in most enterprises and buildings utilizing ITES. A simplified engineering methodology for analysing the thermodynamic efficiency of CTES was proposed. It was determined that cold losses during exergy analysis during storage are caused by both losses through surfaces and internal exergy losses (i.e., exergy consumption due to irreversibility within the reservoir). For modern systems, exergy losses encompass both external and internal components. As an example, if the heat transfer at the external surface temperature of the storage reservoir equals the ambient temperature, external exergy losses would be zero, while total exergy losses would be entirely due to internal consumption. Conversely, if heat transfer occurs at the liquid's temperature for storage, a greater portion of exergy losses will be due to external losses. In all cases, the cumulative exergy losses, comprising internal and external exergy losses, remain constant. The implementation of CTES allows for shifting the use of electrical energy from peak to off-peak hours. During off-peak hours, electrical energy is used to charge the storage to fulfil (fully or partially) the peak demand for refrigeration equipment. Ice-based ITES has the potential to reduce maximum energy consumption, peak demand, and most importantly, the average cost of energy consumed

The Relationship between Electricity Consumption, Price of Oils, and Gross Domestic Product in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

The research aimed to evaluate the impact of electricity consumption and oil prices on the GDP of GCC countries. The oil industry is the backbone of economies in these countries, accounting for a significant portion of GDP. The variations and volatility in petroleum prices significantly affect GCC countries’ GDP. Moreover, these countries have also increased the usage of electricity. A substantial increase in the demand for electricity impacts the economic development of GCC countries. The study has considered a quantitative method using secondary data to address the research objective. The data for electricity consumption, energy use, and oil prices were obtained from the World Development Indicators website from 2010 to 2021. The countries include Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. The data obtained were empirically analyzed using the system-GMM approach as it was identified to be a more robust estimation model controlling for issues such as autocorrelation and endogeneity. The results obtained from the system-GMM indicated that electricity consumption and oil prices positively impact the GDP of GCC countries. At the same time, energy use hurts the GDP. Therefore, the research findings imply that electricity consumption and oil prices significantly contribute to the growth of the GCC countries.

Audit Energi Untuk Pencapaian Penghematan Penggunaan Energi Pada Bangunan Gedung Perkantoran

In line with the concept of environmentally friendly national development, every commercial and industrial activity must be committed to preserving the environment. This is in accordance with Law no. Regulation Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Referring to Law No.30 of 2007 concerning Energy, which was then followed up with Government Regulation No.33 of 2023 concerning Energy conservation which requires energy users above TOE to carry out Energy conservation by conducting periodic Energy Audits of Lighting Systems and Air Conditioning Systems . This research conducted an audit of lighting and air conditioning systems by collecting data on lighting intensity, temperature and humidity in each room in the office from 08.00 – 17.00 using a lux meter measuring instrument, then the results were analyzed by referring to the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) regarding lighting and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012 concerning Saving on Electricity Use. The use of electrical energy in the office work environment is still not optimal and even though the density value is satisfactory, the lighting level in the office still has rooms that do not meet SNI standards. Apart from that, the use of electrical energy for the air conditioning system is also considered insufficient so several recommendations need to be made

Assistance in Manufacturing Photocells in Village Hall Lights as Efforts to Improve Lighting Effectiveness

The lighting in the Sumberbendo village hall already uses LED lights and energy-saving lamps with varying capacities. Based on the results of observations, The system installed to operate the lights is still in operation manually through switch Which connected to light lighting. Pattern like This requires residents who live around the Village Hall to regularly devote their time For turn on And turn off light the. Condition in the field found there are still many PJU lights that have not been turned off even though the conditions are bright, and Not yet turned on although condition Already start dark, naturally matter This will affecting comfort and safety as well as the use of electrical energy that does not efficient. Based on the results of discussions with the Village, community service activities This will focused on modification light lighting on Hall Village with adding photocell technology so that the Village Hall lights operate can taking place in a way automatic . Beside That, done Also transfer knowledge.

The Statistic Analysis of Instruments and Temperature Measurement of Freezer Wall Attached by Dry Ice Gel

The need for electrical energy in Indonesia is increasing rapidly, and the use of electrical energy will increase carbon dioxide gas emissions by around 1.3% each year, which causes environmental damage. The electricity usage sector in households is higher than in industry and transportation. The need for electricity in households will increase from 49% in 2018 to 58% in the BAU (business as usual) scenario and 61% in the RK (low carbon) scenario in 2050. The leading cause of the high use of electrical energy in households is the use of cooling equipment such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and freezers. One strategy to increase energy efficiency that can be used in cooling equipment such as freezers is using phase change materials (PCM). The method in this research used phase change material of dry ice gel to maintain the temperature in the freezer although the electricity was off. The results showed that the dry ice gel PCM maintained the temperature under zero degree.

ANALISA PENGGANTIAN KWH METER BERMASALAH TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS KWH JUAL

Abstract. kWh Meter is a tool used to measure and record the use of electrical energy consumed by customers. However, there are still problematic that occur in the kWh meter caused by several factors such as jammed kWh, blurry kWh and old kWh. This problematic affects the measurement of electrical energy in the kWh meter installed on the customer. The average use of the kWh before being replaced with the average usage after being replaced shows an increase. This shows that there is an anomaly in the changed kWh meter. This Final Report will discuss this matter. The methodology used in this Final Report is the literature method, the observation method, as well as the consultation and discussion method. The author collects data by seeking information from books, articles, internet, and journals related to titles that can support the progress of this final report. The author also made direct observations on objects in the field located in the PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Muara Enim. Then the author conducted discussions with supervisors and PLN staff. The conclusion that can be drawn from this Final Report is that there is an increase in the value of kWh after replacing the problematic kWh meter, which previously the average usage was only 3,282 kWh then after replacing the average usage increased to 4,011 kWh, so there is a difference in the average usage of 729 kWh. The replacement of jammed and blurry kWh meters increases the effectiveness of selling kWh by 22.21%. So there is difference in costs which is a loss that in charge of PT. PLN of Rp. 904.328/month.

Education for Sustainability: A Data-Driven Methodological Proposal for the Strengthening of Environmental Attitudes in University Students and Their Involvement in Policies and Decision-Making

Introduction: in the context of global environmental challenges, university education emerges as a fundamental pillar to cultivate proactive attitudes towards sustainability. This research not only seeks to influence individual perceptions, but also the ability of these students to contribute significantly to policies and decision-making processes related to the environment.Objective: implement a methodological proposal that uses educational events, artistic events and social responsibility projects to strengthen attitudes towards environmental sustainability in university students.Method: a quantitative approach and a pre-experimental design were used, applying pre-test and post-test to students from five majors at a public university. The intervention was based on four thematic axes: classification and selection of solid waste, rational use of water, efficient use of electrical energy and university safety.Results: the results revealed positive changes in student attitudes, with significant increases in solid waste classification (from 28 % to 72 %), university safety (from 32 % to 75 %), rational use of water (from 34 % % to 76 %) and energy efficiency (from 43 % to 82 %). In addition, a strengthening of continuous environmental knowledge was observed by 46 %, representing an increase of 81 %.Conclusions: these findings suggest that universities can play a crucial role in promoting environmental educational policies that train professionals committed to nature and future generations, thus contributing to the construction of a paradigm that integrates ethics and socio-environmental responsibility

Recent Advancements in Light-responsive Supercapacitors

Abstract: With so many of our daily activities related to electricity, from telecommunication to laptops and computers, the use of electric energy has skyrocketed in today's technology-based world. Energy output must rise to meet rising energy demand. Still, as fossil fuels are running out, we must turn to more renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, which can be harnessed and converted to electricity by solar-powered cells. The issues, however, are brought about by the sunlight's unpredictable energy output. The energy produced by solar cells should therefore be stored using energy storage technologies. This notion led to the development of the photo-supercapacitor, a device that combines a solar cell with a supercapacitor to store the energy generated by the solar cells. However, recently researchers developed light-responsive materials for supercapacitors that could be used directly as electrode materials and deposited on various transparent and conductive substrates. Such light-responsive supercapacitors could be operated directly by shining solar light without using any solar cell. A light-responsive supercapacitor's efficiency is primarily influenced by the active materials used in its electrode fabrication. The main components of high-energy conversion, which improves a light-responsive supercapacitor's performance and shelf life, are photoactive materials, counter electrodes, compatible electrolytes, and transparent substrate performances. Furthermore, light-responsive supercapacitors are cutting-edge and promising energy storage devices that can self-charge under light illumination by converting light to electrical energy and storing it for later use. They are considered a novel approach to energy issues in electrical transportation, electronic equipment, and on-chip energy storage devices. Thus, this review paper opens up an avenue for the direct utilization of photoactive nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and demonstrates the substantial potential for the fabrication of advanced light-responsive supercapacitors. This study also covers the fundamentals of how this exciting field works, the historical trajectory of how far it has come, and the promising prospects for its future.

Development of Deep Learning for Power Energy Optimization in the Industrial Robot System

This paper established power consumption modeling and motion estimation optimization of industrial robots. We also studied factors affecting the use of electrical energy, such as friction, torque, and electric current. The energy consumption parameters of each coupling can be quantified through the Deep Learning (DL) technique, Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) estimation, or Simulation and experimentation based on the movement posture of a given robot dynamic model to control the robot operation. The robot dynamic model parameters can be identified and expressed in mathematical equations. Electrical energy consumption estimates were analyzed using the SCG technique to compare with the Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) method using a large dataset of approximately 60,000 samples. The results showed accurate parameter prediction and electrical energy consumption estimation of the robot locomotion pose. The maximum errors in the SCG and NLS methods were 0.89% and 1.54%, respectively. It indicated that the electric energy consumption model using the SCG estimation method is more efficient than the NLS method.

Measurement of Dynamic Electric Consumption Trend in a Broiler House in Arkansas

Highlights We quantified the diurnal and seasonal electric load pattern during four consecutive growouts of heavy broilers over an 11-month period on a commercial farm. Consumption was measured separately for ventilation fans, lights, feed motors, well pump motors and radiant tube heater blowers. Ventilation fans were the largest consumer of energy and the largest contributor to peak demand on the farm. Average monthly electric demand ranged from 31% to 77% of the corresponding monthly peak demand, calculated from the largest 15-min period. The electricity cost of raising heavier-weight broiler chickens is higher in the summer ($22 per 1,000 kg live weight) than in the winter ($5 per 1,000 kg live weight). Abstract. Characterizing electric energy use in a commercial broiler house—partitioned by bird age, season, and electric load type—can provide engineers with insight for designing energy conservation practices, as well as help to analyze and design on-site renewable energy production sub-systems. This study monitored electric energy consumption in a commercial broiler house in Arkansas, raising heavy broilers (with a capacity of 17,000 birds) during an 11-month period that included four, 8-week flocks. Average electricity use (RMS voltage and current) was measured at a sampling interval of 5 min for all of the major load types, including ventilation, lighting, feed motors, and well-water pump motor. Results indicated that electric consumption for ventilation fans was the greatest load, accounting for over 88% of the total. The endwall fans (for tunnel ventilation) contributed to the peak electric demand (VA) in nine of the 11 months. Over the 11-month monitoring period, broiler chicken production had an average electric energy consumption (per unit live-weight mass produced) of 43 kWh per metric ton of live weight (in a winter flock) to 184 kWh per metric ton (in a summer flock). The corresponding electric costs were $5 per metric ton and $22 per metric ton in winter and summer flocks, respectively (based upon an electricity unit cost of $0.12/kWh). Keywords: Electricity demand, Energy efficiency, Poultry housing.

Study on coupling factors between green development of power grid and ecosystem—from the perspective of energy industry chains

The green power grid development, with industry and regional characteristics, impacts energy systems and eco-friendly production. Ecosystem services are vital for sustainable development. Urgent research is needed to adapt to new situations. This study establishes index systems for power grid green development and ecology. Key factors affecting their coordination are identified, guiding the promotion of green power grid development. Focus on enhancing cross-regional clean energy allocation, waste disposal, noise monitoring, and increasing electric energy use in terminal consumption.

Control system for electric vehicles energy use in urban routes

Control system for electric vehicles energy use in urban routes

Application of Automatic Transfer Switch at Solar Power Plant in Langgar Nurul Hikmah North Banjarbaru in Support of Green Energy

The use of PLTS electrical energy is still hampered by the condition of the batteries which are often damaged. If the PLTS battery capacity is unable to support the load or is empty, then the electricity must be immediately transferred to the PLN source. Because these frequent delays cause PLTS batteries to quickly become damaged. Therefore, automatic control uses the Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to optimize the use of green energy in Langgar and increase solar cell power to become Langgar's main electricity source. It is hoped that this service activity can become a pilot project for independent energy sources for places of worship in wetland environmental areas. The implementing team has accommodated the activity targets set by LPPM in the form of optimizing TTG and renewable energy. Based on the survey results, understanding about socialization and education on the application of ATS in PLTS increased by 73%.

Konservasi Penggunaan Energi Listrik di Pabrik Area Proses Minyak (Studi Kasus PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Palembang)

PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Palembang is one of the large companies in the city of Palembang which operates in the food industry, one of which is the production of instant noodles. This company requires quite a bit of electrical energy so that the factories can continue to produce the desired number of products. The aim of this research is to find out about the use of electrical energy in the oil processing factory area of PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Palembang, to find out how much electrical energy hasbeen used in the PT oil processing factory area. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Palembang, how is electrical energy used in the oil processing factory area of PT. Indofood CBP Successfully Prosperous Palembang. This research uses observation, literature and interview methods. The results of this research are that the efficiency of electrical energy use in the factory is 70.23%, the use of electrical energy in the oil processing area factory of PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Palembang is still quite adequate, thereare still potential opportunities for saving electrical energy, namely 3,270.53 kWh, or in percentage terms it is 29.77%.

Monitoring Tool for Electricity Usage in Residential Homes Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using BLYNK Application

Electricity is a basic need of human beings. The consumption of electricity usage is getting bigger and bigger. Electricity usage is usually wasteful due to lack of public awareness and ineffective use of electricity. With this problem, the author aims to design loT-based electric power usage monitoring system in home electrical appliances. This tool is designed using sensors to detect the value of the voltage and current of the load attached to the electricity but still using the BLYNK application as a server and application to monitor the use of electric power through a smartphone application. The measurement results include the data of current, voltage, and electrical power used. This system can also remotely switch appliances ON/OFF. The test was conducted by comparing the results of the power value from the power meter with the power value in BLYNK application. After the test, the results of the comparison between the monitoring tool and the power meter measuring instrument obtained an average power error value of 0.5%. So that the accuracy value of the tool can also be 99.5%. With a large accuracy value, it means that the tool works well and can be used to monitor the use of electrical energy in households.

Preparation and Characterization of Tin-Nickel Coatings for Corrosion Protection of PEM Electrolyzer Components

Hydrogen production by electrolysis offers significant advantages over established and more common processes such as steam reforming with regard to carbon dioxide emissions, in particular through the use of electrical energy from renewable sources and the establishment of a decentralized supply structure. The advantages of PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolysis include high power density, scalability, and the high purity of the produced hydrogen. However, so far the manufacturing of PEM electrolyzers is time consuming, which makes the widespread use difficult and is a significant cost driver for this technology.In the framework of the publically funded flagship project H2Giga, a series of manufacturing processes are developed for industrial scale-up production of PEM electrolyzer components, in particular the bipolar plates (BPP) and the porous transport layers (PTL). Base materials like stainless steel are used that can be processed at a low cost, but need protective coatings to withstand the highly corrosive conditions during electrolysis, especially at the anode side.A novel approach is focusing on nickel-based alloy coatings, in particular tin-nickel, which emerged as a promising alternative to precious metal coatings. These alloys show a wide stability range under strong anodic polarization in an acidic electrolyte due to the formation of a passive layer. However, the long-term stability does not yet meet the industrial requirements in preliminary tests. A post-treatment of the coating can improve the stability by the formation of a homogenous oxide film with several tens of nanometers in thickness. Physical, chemical and electrochemical methods for post-treatment were compared in terms of oxide morphology and corrosion behavior under anodic polarization. Eventually, both high corrosion resistance and low contact resistance have to be ensured for the application in PEM electrolyzers.

Blending financial innovation with natural resource utilization: Pathways to green economic expansion

The paper examines the impact of natural resource use, green energy, and financial inclusion on the economic expansion rate of ASEAN countries between 2012 and 2022. The study utilizes the MMQR framework and finds that population increases, the use of natural resources, and the availability of renewable energy sources contribute to financial growth in ASEAN countries. The research suggests that governments should create financial regulations to expand access to financial services for ASEAN countries, which can boost economic growth. Efforts to increase access to financial services for ASEAN countries are recommended to enhance economic growth. The paper highlights the importance of the optimal use of natural resources, as it positively affects national economies. The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, economic development, and alternative energy forms is another topic investigated in this research. Encouraging greater use of electric energy may help lower pollution, protect natural resources, and contribute to the expansion of the economy in a sustainable manner.