Use Of Educational Strategies Research Articles

Role-Play para o Desenvolvimento de Habilidades de Comunicação e Relacionais

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de habilidades de comunicação e relacionais (HbCR) é essencial para a formação médica, logo a utilização de estratégias educacionais que favoreçam seu aprendizado é necessária. O presente trabalho tem por objetivos descrever o processo de implementação da técnica de role-play e avaliar sua utilização no ensino das HbCR, de acordo com a percepção docente. A técnica foi utilizada no curso de Semiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (FMB/UFBA). Para atender a esses objetivos, o presente artigo foi estruturado em duas partes: plano de implementação da técnica de role-play e aplicação do role-play segundo a percepção do docente. O role-play revelou ser uma técnica factível, extremamente adequada ao ensino das HbCR, em consonância com as orientações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina.

Análisis de la convivencia escolar en las aulas multiculturales de Educación Secundaria

<p>Esta investigación pretende analizar la formación del profesorado para promover y gestionar la convivencia en las aulas en los Centros de Educación Secundaria, describir las conductas del alumnado que la alteran y ofrecer opciones de mejora.</p><p>Se realiza un análisis documental de los programas de formación inicial de las universidades; se elabora un cuestionario descriptivo y valorativo de conductas del alumnado contrarias a la convivencia y respuestas del profesorado, en cinco centros con elevado número de alumnado inmigrante; y realiza un grupo de discusión de profesorado para ofrecer opciones de mejora de estos contextos. Y constata la escasa formación inicial del profesorado en estos aspectos, comprobado la existencia de diferencias significativas en la valoración de algunas conductas en función del género, de la experiencia docente y el uso por ambos géneros de respuestas usualmente sancionadoras, y el escaso empleo de estrategias educativas/formativas que permitan aumentar la convivencia en el Centro.</p>

Perceptions Regarding Selected Educational Strategies used by Extension Educators

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions that extension educators in the North Central region of the United States hold regarding selected educational strategies pertaining to livestock waste management education. Livestock waste management education has been recognized as one of extension's major initiatives in the United States. County extension educators' perceptions regarding the educational strategies for livestock waste management are lacking in the literature. Most importantly, how do perceptions of extension educators in the region influence the selection of teaching methods and tools for educating those responsible for livestock waste management?Design/methodology/approach: The authors developed and utilized a questionnaire with a Chronbach's alpha .75 mailed to 360 randomly selected extension educators from the North Central region. The response rate was 55.8% based on a total of 201 completed survey questionnaires. Early and late responses were compared using independent samples T-test. Analyzed data was summarized as the descriptive statistics of means, standard deviations and percentages of all variables of interest from the study and presented as tables.Findings: Extension educators who participated in this study were predominantly white males with a mean age of 47.2 years. The majority (68.2%) of respondents had agriculture and natural resources as their area of extension responsibilities. Respondents had positive perceptions regarding selected teaching methods and tools and believe that the teaching methods of demonstrations, individualized instruction, discussion, lecture-discussion and field days are effective for livestock waste management education. Very high intercorrelation result (r=.706) exist between perceptions regarding the effectiveness of teaching methods and the effectiveness of teaching tools.Practical Implications: Extension educators' positive perceptions regarding selected teaching methods and tools have implications for in-service educational programming and staff development for extension educators in the North Central region to enhance their self-efficacy and improve self-confidence in the use of educational strategies for livestock waste management education.Originality/value: This paper is original and makes a compelling case for in-service training and professional development for extension educators in the North Central region.

Estilos de liderança de professores: aplicando o modelo de estilos parentais

Professores orientam os comportamentos das crianças estabelecendo diferentes climas emocionais no uso das estratégias educativas em sala de aula. Esse trabalho busca delinear uma análise dos estilos de liderança de professores aplicando o modelo de estilos parentais. Inicialmente, foi feita uma análise de literatura realizando uma busca nas bases de dados: Scielo, Science Direct e Scopus, utilizando os descritores: teachers' leadership styles, teachers' teaching styles e school leadership. Com essa busca constatou-se que existem diversas definições, formas de análise e variáveis estudadas, conforme a teoria adotada. Posteriormente, foi realizada a análise da relação professor-aluno aplicando o modelo de estilos parentais, que apresenta uma análise do sistema das relações a partir de duas dimensões: responsividade e exigência. Assim, foram categorizados quatro estilos de liderança: autoritário, permissivo, negligente e participativo. Conclui-se que o modelo de estilo parental fornece uma boa base teórica para pautar a análise dos estilos de liderança de professores.

Preliminary Exploration of the Use of a Medical Malpractice Self-Study Module

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an educational module on medical malpractice litigation and the use of evidence-based practice guidelines. Data regarding knowledge acquisition, ease of use, and the perceived value of the educational module were collected. A pretest-posttest design was used. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of participants who responded correctly to the posttest items after viewing the educational program (p < .05). Data from this study indicated that this self-study module was a valuable tool for education on the specified content. This study also provides evidence of the effectiveness of integrating theory, clinical inquiry, and evidence-based practice into a self-paced educational program about medical malpractice litigation. Evaluation of a self-paced educational program contributes to the body of knowledge on the use of educational strategies to promote patient safety and reduce liability.

Surgical site infection in a university hospital in northeast Brazil

We examined prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) in a tertiary teaching hospital in northeast Brazil, from January 1994 to December 2003. The survey included 5,742 patients subjected to thoracic, urologic, vascular and general surgery. The criteria for diagnosing SSI were those of the Centers for Disease Control, USA, and the variables of the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance risk index were used. Data analysis revealed that anesthetic risk scores, wound class and duration of surgery were significantly associated with SSI. A total of 296 SSIs were detected among the 5,742 patients (5.1%). The overall incidence of SSI was 8.8% in 1994; it decreased to 3.3% in 2003. In conclusion, the use of educational strategies, based on guidelines for SSI prevention reduced SSI incidence. Appropriate management of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative incision care, and a surveillance system based on international criteria, were useful in reducing SSI rates in our hospital.

The Effectiveness of Four Interventions for the Prevention of Low Back Pain

Low back pain affects 60% to 80% of US adults at some time during their lives. This review evaluates the effectiveness of four strategies to prevent low back pain for asymptomatic individuals: back and aerobic exercises, education, mechanical supports (corsets), and risk factor modification. The MEDLINE database was searched for all relevant articles published in English between 1966 and 1993. Bibliographies of identified articles were searched to ensure that all pertinent articles had been gathered and back pain specialists reviewed our final bibliography for completeness. A total of 190 articles were identified, and the 64 that contained original data about preventing low back pain were reviewed. Studies were graded according to strength of study design. There is limited evidence based on randomized trials and epidemiological studies that exercises to strengthen back or abdominal muscles and to improve overall fitness can decrease the incidence and duration of low back pain episodes. There is minimal evidence to support the use of educational strategies to prevent low back pain and insufficient evidence to recommend about the use of mechanical supports. Although there is no evidence supporting risk factor modification for preventing low back pain (smoking cessation and weight loss), there are other reasons to recommend the interventions. There is limited evidence to recommend exercise to prevent low back pain in asymptomatic individuals, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend other prevention strategies. These conclusions should be viewed cautiously since they are primarily based on studies conducted in the workplace rather than in clinical settings.