Use Of Economic Data Research Articles

A methodology for assessing the prospects of modifying business strategy of an enterprise in the external environment

This paper proposes a method of assessing the prospects of modifying the Business strategy of an enterprise within its market making use of economic data. Using the assessment of the prospects of innovative development allows the company not only to prevent the risk of low market returns from innovation, but also to avoid unnecessary research costs. The technique allows one to answer questions about how a new technology will affect the important indicators of the enterprise: revenue, profits, assets, and how it will affect the innovative development of the enterprise as a whole.

Correlações entre Transporte e Desenvolvimento Econômico Aplicadas ao Turismo: Uma Análise a partir do Município de Calda Novas / GO - Brasil

Understanding the elements that potentiate the economic development of a certain locality becomes necessary in the managerial sciences and planning of touristic destinations. Collaborating with theoretical gaps related to the particular analysis of transport activities and their impact on tourism, this study seeks to identify the economic relations between tourism and road transportation of people in tourist cities, being adopted as a reference the case of Caldas Novas / Goias / Brazil, one of the main tourist destinations in the country. From the use of economic data and the characteristic of people transportation, statistical models has been used to analyze, for example, the impact of the increase of vehicles to public transport at the gross domestic product of the municipality, demonstrating the levels of impact between the variables considered. Such results can be used to manage the transport activities and for the planning of tourism.

Embodied energy and cost of building materials: correlation analysis

ABSTRACTThe US building sector consumes 48% of the nation’s annual energy as operating and embodied energy. Calculating embodied energy is difficult, complex and more resource-consuming than calculating operating energy due to a lack of complete, accurate and specific embodied energy data. One commonly used method to calculate embodied energy is input–output-based (IO) analysis, which utilizes economic data. The use of economic data indicates some relationship between embodied energy and cost. Some studies have investigated whether the embodied energy of a building can be predicted from its cost. These studies analyzed the relationship of the cost and embodied energy of a building and found a strong, positive correlation. However, when analyzed at the material level, the correlation weakened. This paper develops an improved input–output-based hybrid (IOH) model to calculate the complete, accurate and material-specific embodied energy of 21 commonly used building materials. After calculating and evaluating the embodied energy, the correlation of the embodied energy and cost of materials was analyzed. The results demonstrate a very strong and positive correlation between embodied energy and cost. In conclusion, more research may be required to predict embodied energy from cost data.

Evaluating the quality and use of economic data in decisions about essential medicines.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of economic data provided in applications to the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines and to evaluate the role of these data in decision-making by the expert committee that considers the applications.MethodsWe analysed applications submitted to the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines between 2002 and 2013. The completeness of data on the price and cost–effectiveness of medicines was extracted from application documents and coded using a four-point scale. We recorded whether or not the expert committee discussed economic information and the outcomes of each application. Associations between the completeness of economic data and application outcomes were assessed using χ2 tests.FindingsThe expert committee received 134 applications. Only eight applications (6%) included complete price data and economic evaluation data. Many applicants omitted or misinterpreted the economic evaluation section of the application form. Despite the lack of economic data, all applications were reviewed by the committee. There was no significant association between the completeness of economic information and application outcomes. The expert committee tried to address information gaps in applications by further review and analysis of data related to the application.ConclusionThe World Health Organization should revise the instructions to applicants on economic data requirements; develop new mechanisms to assist applicants in completing the application process; and define methods for the use of economic data in decision-making.

Comparing population exposure to multiple Washington earthquake scenarios for prioritizing loss estimation studies

Scenario-based, loss-estimation studies are useful for gaging potential societal impacts from earthquakes but can be challenging to undertake in areas with multiple scenarios and jurisdictions. We present a geospatial approach using various population data for comparing earthquake scenarios and jurisdictions to help emergency managers prioritize where to focus limited resources on data development and loss-estimation studies. Using 20 earthquake scenarios developed for the State of Washington (USA), we demonstrate how a population-exposure analysis across multiple jurisdictions based on Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) classes helps emergency managers understand and communicate where potential loss of life may be concentrated and where impacts may be more related to quality of life. Results indicate that certain well-known scenarios may directly impact the greatest number of people, whereas other, potentially lesser-known, scenarios impact fewer people but consequences could be more severe. The use of economic data to profile each jurisdiction's workforce in earthquake hazard zones also provides additional insight on at-risk populations. This approach can serve as a first step in understanding societal impacts of earthquakes and helping practitioners to efficiently use their limited risk-reduction resources.

Some Aspects Of Socio-Economic Development In North Eastern Region Of India: Does It Go In Right Path?

This study deals with the study of the diversification of developmental activities in northeast states of India. Economic development scholars and third world analysts have effectively argued through the use of economic data and statistics that high rates of population growth are economically unsustainable. The problem lies in a very simple calculation. The resources of a country, whether the land area and the infrastructural services, such as water and electricity, not even to mention nutrition and health care requirements, are established at a certain level and raising that level, as in expanding services and raising food production, are long term. Almost all the countries in the world will have imbalances at regional and lower level in the equitable share in the national assets like natural resources, economic assets and manpower distribution. In order to reduce regional or sub-regional imbalances, planners and policy makers make efforts and evolve the strategies which are aimed at minimizing such imbalances. The past one and half decade has witnessed a tremendous upward swing in various development programmes giving a new thrust to the North-east economy. The study seeks to search that does the recent speedy developmental activities in North East Region undergo in right way?

The Normativity of Numbers: World Bank and IMF Conditionality1

Good governance reforms aim at transforming African state bureaucracies into efficient, transparent, and accountable institutions. These policies are inserted into the national administrative apparatus by means of conditions attached to the financial support of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Although the conditions exactly match the priorities of these international financial institutions (IFIs), they are not set by them; paradoxically they are (in theory) set by the government requesting a loan. This paradox, the article argues, has to be understood primarily in legal terms. A close reading of a number of loan documents signed by the representatives of the IFIs and the government of Malawi demonstrates how responsibility for good governance reforms is ascribed to the government of Malawi, which “owns” the reforms. The article further shows that the elaborate conditionality attached to loans fuses legal logic and economics in a characteristic “normativity of numbers.” By normativity of numbers I refer to the use of economic data, and the introduction of systems of personnel management and expenditure monitoring, as conditions in the loan documents.

Economic Evaluation And Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Reform In South Korea’s National Health Insurance

South Korea's National Health Insurance recently announced a reform in pharmaceutical reimbursement, with the purpose of increasing rational resource use in drug spending. The new policy aims to take the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of newly introduced drugs into account in payment decisions. If the policy is implemented, South Korea will be the first Asian country to officially adopt economic evaluation as a tool for resource allocation in health care. This paper looks at the background, objectives, expected outcomes, potential issues, and resulting trade conflict regarding use of economic data in drug reimbursement decisions in South Korea.

Limits to rationality: economics, economists and priority setting

This paper investigates why economic approaches to priority setting have had only limited impact in practice. It argues that obstacles to the take-up of the economic approach centre on (1) limitations in the theory and practice of economic evaluations, and (2) the nature of the wider context within which decisions on priority setting take place. On the first point, it argues that, despite advances in research methods, there is still debate about the theoretical basis of measures typically used in economic evaluations, such as QALYs, and that much of the extant empirical data is of questionable quality. On the second point, it maintains that politicians, health care professionals and local people attach importance to other factors besides allocative efficiency. If economic approaches are to have more impact in the future, it argues that health economists need to adopt a wider research agenda, focusing on public sector decision-making and, in particular, the incentives and constraints governing the use of economic data in different types of health care organisation.

Productivity and profitability differences between pseudorabies-infected and pseudorabies-noninfected farrow-to-finish swine herds

Summary Productivity and economic effects of pseudorabies were estimated for a mean-size, farrow-tofinish swine enterprise. A Delphi technique was used to elicit productivity effects from an expert panel. Enterprise budgets for pseudorabies-infected and noninfected herds were constructed by use of these productivity estimates, as well as by use of economic data from secondary sources. Data examined to determine effects on productivity included preweaning, nursery, and growing/ finishing pig mortality; breeding hog mortality; feed conversion; labor; and veterinary services and medication expenses. Results indicated that profitability was lowered in infected herds by approximately $6/cwt of swine produced.

Towards an understanding of the subjects and the borderlines of today's economic statistics

The aim of this paper is to propose a simple novel framework for Economic Statistics. This proposed program is founded on the core of the discipline as defined by Zellner: learning from data and solving practical problems. The program is divided into several arguments referred to the definitions of the macro-aggregates and the interrelations among them, the classification of the economic data and their quality, the use of economic data. For this section it needs referring to real object of Economic Statistics that deals with specific ways of ordering data and testing hypotheses.

Fifty Years of Economic Measurement: The Jubilee of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth

This volume contains papers presented at a conference in May 1988 in Washington, D.C., commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth (CRIW). The call for papers emphasized assessments of broad topics in economic measurement, both conceptual and pragmatic. The organizers desired (and succeeded in obtaining) a mix of papers that, first, illustrate the range of measurement issues that economics as a science must confront and, second, mark major milestones of CRIW accomplishment. The papers concern prices and output (Griliches, Pieper, Triplett) and also the major productive inputs, capital (Hulten) and labor (Hamermesh). Measures of saving, the source of capital accumulation, are covered in one paper (Boskin); measuring productivity, the source of much of the growth in per capita income, is reviewed in another (Jorgenson). The use of economic data in economic policy analysis and in regulation are illustrated in a review of measures of tax burden (Atrostic and Nunns) and in an analysis of the data needed for environmental regulation (Russell and Smith); the adequacy of data for policy analysis is evaluated in a roundtable discussion (chapter 12) involving four distinguished policy analysts with extensive government experience in Washington and Ottawa.

Behind the Numbers: U.S. Trade in the World Economy

America's international economic decisions rest to a large degree on the information available to policymakers. Yet the quality of international trade and financial data is in serious doubt. This book reveals how our systems for collecting and analyzing trade data have fallen behind the times--and presents recommendations for new approaches to accuracy and usefulness of these economic data. The volume traces the burgeoning use of international economic data by public and private analysts at a time when the United States is becoming increasingly integrated into the world economy. It also points out problems of capturing new transactions, comparing data from different sources, limited access to the data, and more. This is the first volume to review all three types of U.S. international data--merchandise trade, international services transactions, and capital flows. Highlights include: * Specific steps for U.S. agencies to take. * Special analyses on improving the accuracy of merchandise trade data, filling data gaps on the fast-growing international services transactions, and understanding structural changes in world capital markets. * Comments, complaints, and suggestions from an original survey of more than 100 key users of trade data. This practical volume will be invaluable to policymakers, government officials, business executives, economists, statisticians, and researchers.

Braking the Special Interests: Trucking Deregulation and the Politics of Policy Reform. By Dorothy Robyn (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. ix, 295p. $24.95).

In 1980 Congress voted to eliminate the federal system of protective regulation over the powerful trucking industry, despite fierce opposition. This upset marked a rare example in American politics of diffuse public interests winning out over powerful economic lobbies. In Braking the Special Interests Dorothy Robyn draws upon firsthand observations of formal proceedings and behind-the-scenes maneuverings to illuminate the role of political strategy in the landmark trucking battle. Robyn focuses her analysis on four elements of strategy responsible for the deregulator's victory elements that are essential, she argues, to any successful policy battle against entrenched special interests: the effective use of economic data and analysis to make a strong case for the merits of reform; the formation and management of a diverse lobbying coalition of firms and interest groups; presidential bargaining to gain political leverage; and transition schemes to reduce uncertainty and cushion the blow to losers. Drawing on political and economic theory, Braking the Special Interests is an immensely rich and readable study of political strategy and skill, with general insights relevant to current political battles surrounding trade, agriculture, and tax policies. Robyn's interdisciplinary work will be of great value to scholars and practitioners of politics, economics, and public policy.

The Use of Economic Data in Labor Cases

The Use of Economic Data in Labor Cases