Use Of Earphones Research Articles

STRATEGI KREATIF KAMPANYE PENGGUNAAN EARPHONE YANG AMAN BAGI KESEHATAN TELINGA

As time evolves, it is easier to find children, young, and adults using earphones to do various things ranging from work to entertainment purposes. The habit of using earphones with a volume that is too loud or too long added with other daily noise and a person's lifestyle can certainly harm their hearing. Therefore, the risk of hearing loss that can arise due to unsafe use of earphones needs to be informed early on to young people. This is because hearing loss due to noise is irreversible, so prevention is the most effective way to protect hearing from the risks that may occur. The research objective was to describe the creative strategy design for the educational campaign using earphones. The campaign's creative strategy is using qualitative methods, observation, interviews, literature studies, and surveys. The target chosen for this campaign strategy is young people aged 18-22 years as the generation who use earphones in their everyday life most of the time. The result of this research is a creative strategy in designing a visual communication campaign using an educational approach with the concept of "your last song". This concept emphasizes the delivery of information that the habit of listening to songs using earphones needs to pay attention to safety and risk aspects.

The Effects Of Earphone Usage On Ear Wax (Cerumen) Impaction

Aim: To determine whether the use of earphones affects ear wax accumulation, to reveal whether it increases the need to consult a doctor, and to try to understand whether these situations vary according to earphone type.Methods: In this study, patients who applied to Ear Nose and Throat Clinic due to ear congestion between 2020 March and September and who were found to have ear wax in the ear examination were included. Those who do not use headphones are classified as the control group, and those who use headphones are classified as the study group. Earpiece types, frequency of self ear care, frequency of applying to the physician due to earwax removal were noted. Results: A total of 46 patients were included in the study. The control group consists of 16 people, and the study group consists of 30 people. The mean age was 48.5 ± 18.01 for the control group and 40.87 ± 21.28 for the study group. Weekly ear care of the patients was 3.25 in the control group and 2.9 in the study group. (p> 0.05) The groups' period to consult a physician for ear wax removal was 62.63 months in the control group and 60.9 months in the study group. (p> 0.05Conclusion: The use of headphones does not affect the frequency of the patients' self weekly ear care or visiting a physician for ear wax removal. Similarly, no significant relationship was found between earphone types and frequency of self ear care and frequency of visiting a physician.

Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users.
 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

Prevalence of Bacterial Flora Associated with Earphones Used Among Students of University of Tripoli, Libya

Background: The majority of students today are more fascinated by new technology. The most trending digital appliance among students is headphones. The use of earphones has become more and more popular among students this can easily be a vector of possible pathogens that can give rise to serious disease. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the bacterial contamination on earphones and external ear of students and to assess the awareness amongst the students of the importance of cleaning earphones. Methods: The study was performed at University of Tripoli from June to September 2020. A total of 50 swabs were collected from student’s ear canal and earphone. The samples were cultured according to the standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified by conventional identification methods. The questionnaire was submitted to all participants to collect information on the extent of usage of earphones. Results: The results showed that the most isolated organisms were gram-positive bacteria which were found in 48(96%) ear canal, and 46(92%) earphones of the students.; Gram-negative was detected in 2(4%) and 4(8%) of the ear canal, and earphone, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently identified microorganisms. Conclusion: This study showed that earphones are potential carriers for the spread of many pathogens. Frequent and constant use of earphones increases the bacterial growth in the ear and sharing of earphones that may be able to produce serious disease. It is advised to maintain earphones clean and not to share.

Drivers' Braking Behavior Affected by Cognitive Distractions: An Experimental Investigation with a Virtual Car Simulator.

In this study, a cohort of 78 university students performed a driving experience in a virtual urban scenario, by means of a car driving simulator, to examine effects of a planned hands-free mobile phone conversation on young drivers’ braking behaviors. To this aim, a control group was left free to drive without any imposed cognitive task. An experimental group faced the same scenario while engaged in a phone call. The conversation via earphones was arranged to diminish the amount of cognitive resources allocated to the driving task. For both groups, the analyses focused on the moment at which a child entered a pedestrian crossing from a sidewalk. The results of a mixed two-way ANOVA showed the presence of a significant difference for distracted and non-distracted drivers with the absence of gender-related differences across the two groups. Distracted participants assumed lower initial speeds, took the first action to stop at shorter distances from the zebra crossing, and had more difficulty in keeping speed variations under control. These findings suggest that the distraction induced by the use of earphones may induce risk compensation behaviors and delay pedestrian perception. Moreover, the effects on the participants’ braking behavior suggest that the procedure adopted to increase cognitive load, based on a story retelling, is an effective method to analyze the impact of hands-free cellphone use on driving skills in a car simulation experiment.

Assessment of knowledge regarding the consequences of using earphones among higher secondary and non-medical postgraduate students

Background: Due to the incremental scope of using earphones, in today’s world youngsters are susceptible to loud sounds or prolong sounds that may cause negative consequences to them in the later run. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding the consequences of the use of earphones in terms of basic level and advanced levels of awareness among some high secondary students and non-medical postgraduate students.Methods: A structure questionnaire-based study was done by distributing it among the students of Pondicherry central university, Puducherry, India, and Delhi Public School, Digboi Assam. 18 students from different departments of the Pondicherry central university and 19 students from the high secondary of Delhi Public School, Digboi were selected randomly for the study. A structured questionnaire consisting of questions related to the consequences of using earphones was used as a study tool for observation. Sets of questions related to the awareness were categorized into basic level, advanced level-1, and advanced level-2.Results: Knowledge scores for basic level awareness showed very good results. Knowledge scores for advanced level 1 and 2 awareness showed poor results for both the groups.Conclusions: The study highlights the requirement of developing awareness programs regarding health hazards associated with the use of earphones in terms of parameters like the feeling of ringing like sounds through the ears, ear wax, ear stress, ear pain, and tinnitus. Such awareness needs to be incorporated in textbooks of the school level.

Inovação para promoção de saúde auditiva: Desenvolvimento de recurso experiencial e instrucional para o uso de estéreos pessoais

Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico o emprego da TIC (Tecnologia de informação e comunicação), encontra-se cada vez mais presente na prática de ensino e aprendizagem, possibilitando diversos benefícios, dentre eles, uma maior flexibilidade e retém maior atenção e envolvimento do participante, como também beneficia atividades relacionadas à promoção e prevenção. Dessa forma, o objetivo foi desenvolver recurso experiencial e instrucional como estratégia inovadora para promoção de saúde auditiva, no tocante ao uso de estéreos pessoais. O desenvolvimento do recurso instrucional e experiencial foi realizada por três estudantes do curso de Fonoaudiologia, sendo utilizada a abordagem metodológica do Design Thinking nas etapas de imersão, ideação e prototipagem. Foi utilizada a plataforma de criação de vídeos com animação digital Powtooon, com duas músicas em português brasileiro manipuladas acusticamente por intermédio da plataforma Adobe Audition CC versão 11.1 2018. Foram produzidos dois recursos experienciais e um recurso instrucional, no formato áudio-visual. O recursos experienciais foram manipulados para a retirada dos fricativos /f/, /v/, /s/ e /z/ simulando uma perda auditiva nas frequências em torno de 4 a 8kHz e 10 a 30dBNA, apresentando zumbido associado e diminuição da acuidade auditiva, com sensação de “abafamento”. Foi desenvolvido recurso sob as perspectivas experiencial e instrucional permitindo a vivência de ouvir músicas com sensação simulada de perda auditiva/zumbido e orientações sobre o uso de estéreos pessoais, com possibilidade de promover saúde auditiva, com interação, no tocante a potencializar conscientização, educação sobre o uso de estéreos pessoais.

Impact of Educational Program About Earphones Hazards and Healthy Hearing on Knowledge, Perception and Practices of Students in Zagazig University

Background : The potential for hearing loss among younger generations is escalating every year. Likewise, the use of earphones has been thought to degrade a college student’s academic performance. Hearing loss is an issue among the younger age group requires immediate attention. Aim: In light of this, this study was conducted in order to illustrate the impact of educational program about earphones hazards and healthy hearing on knowledge, perception and practices of students in Zagazig University. Design: A quasi-experimental pre/post–test design was adopted to carry out this study. Setting: the study was conducted at faculties affiliated to Zagazig University Subjects: The total number of the randomly selected students was 1532 Tools : data was collected using three tools; tool (I) A self-administered questionnaire entitled data about socio-demographic characteristic, tool (II) :A students’ knowledge, perception and practices questionnaire:, and tool (III) hearing loss designed questionnaire. Results: put on show that approximately less than two thirds (64%) of studied students used earphones, there was a marked improvement in participant’s knowledge, perception and practices regarding earphones hazards and healthy hearing post implementation of educational program, what's more, health problems were declined after implementation of the program, Conclusion: students had knowledge gaps regarding hazards of earphones and hearing health, the education program had positive impacts on knowledge, perception and practices of the studied students. Recommendations: Establishing national campaigns to promote knowledge about the hazards of earphones among adolescents and young adults and raising parents’ awareness through national and social media to shed the light on hearing health. Keywords: Earphones- Hazards- Impact - Students- Knowledge- perception- practices- educational program- Healthy hearing. DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/67-04 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

Out-of-Booth Testing with Noise-canceling Earphones

Out-of-Booth Testing with Noise-canceling Earphones

EFFECT OF ROOM TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF DNA FROM EARPHONE SWAB BY OBSERVING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA [mtDNA] D-LOOP REGION OF 126 bp (HVS II, nt 34-159) AND 143 bp (HVS I, nt 16268-16410)

The objects contained in crime scene and its surroundings have significance in the examination of forensic identification. The most commonly used specimens in the examination for identification are blood/blood spots, semen patches, vaginal swabs, buccal swabs and bones, including items often used by the perpetrator/victim the last time. For example, a mobile phone hearing aid (headset/earphone). In the use of earphones attached to the outer ear skin so it is suspected there is a serumen attached to the tool. One factor that can affect the quality of DNA is the prolonged exposure. Until now in Indonesia the effect of long exposure to room temperature on the quality of DNA on the DNA material of earphone swabs through DNA analysis has not been widely known. The type of study was laboratory experimental. Used earphones are exposed at room temperature within 1, 7, 14 and 20 days. The results of this study indicate that the environmental effect, ie the duration of exposure, affects the decrease in DNA content significantly from day 1 to 20. Detection of PCR mtDNA D-Loop HVS I visualization results 143 bp nt: 16268 16410 shows positive detection results (+) Only at day 1 exposure to room temperature [4 sample/66,67%] and day 7 [3 sample/50%]. Visualization of PCR results mtDNA D-Loop HVS II 126bp nt: 34 -159 was performed on day 1 day room exposure [2 sample/33,37%] and day 7 [6 sample/100%]. Conclusion, the duration of exposure to room temperature affect the quality of DNA from earpiece swab material. Decreased levels of earphones DNA swabs showed a significance value (p <0.005) against the effect of long time exposure to room temperature.

Experiences of music listening among rugby players at North-West University

This article documents a study that investigated the reasons why a group of student rugby players habitually listen to music as part of their pre-match routine. The investigation followed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach that allowed the players to verbalise their personal music listening experiences. The investigation links the music listening practices of the players with the concept of musical experience as an innate human capacity directed towards general well-being. For the players, well-being is a basic condition of happiness and optimism. Achieving and maintaining this condition draws on the emotive qualities of musical sound patterns, as well as the powerful, socially situated meanings of song lyrics. Consequent states of mind conceptualise a rewarding existence by integrating experiences in sport as well as in music. Directed towards rugby practice, the study found that music listening is an informal, individual activity that involves the use of earphones. The sense of personal isolation this induces is a prerequisite for generating focus as well as controlled energy, a state of mind regarded as essential for effective participation in rugby. The pervasive use yet informal application of this strategy by rugby players points to an officially undervalued psychological resource. This finding has implications for fuller exploitation and incorporation of music listening into rugby training programmes.

The influence of parents' voice on the consumption of propofol for pediatric procedural sedation-a randomized controlled trial.

In pediatric patients, invasive procedures such as the insertion of a central venous catheter or gastroscopy require deep sedation. It is unknown whether listening to parental voice during deep sedation in children can reduce sedative doses. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the effect of listening to a parent's voice during deep sedation on consumption of sedatives in children. Fifty children aged 2-14 years undergoing central line placement or gastroscopy under deep sedation with propofol were randomly assigned to two groups: (A) listening or (B) not listening their parents' recorded voice reading a standardized text by the use of earphones. Depth of sedation was monitored by Comfort Score and by Bispectral Index. Mean sedative dose of propofol in both groups was equal (A 0.25 mg·kg-1 ·min-1 ; B 0.28 mg·kg-1 ·min-1 ; Δ -0.03 mg·kg-1 ·min-1 (CI 95% -0.08 to 0.01); P = 0.089). Furthermore, complication rate (P = 1.0) and recovery time (A 14.5 min; B 16.1 min; Δ = -1.6 min (CI 95% -6.98 to 3.81); P = 0.60) did not differ between the intervention and the control group. Listening to parental voice during deep sedation does not result in a reduction of sedative dose in children undergoing short medical procedures.

Immediate effects of mobile phone radiations on heart rate variability in college going students

Background: The use of mobile phone has increased excessively these days which can have a deleterious effect on human tissues and organs, especially cardiovascular system (CVS). The effects on CVS can be detected at an early stage by analyzing alterations in heart rate variability (HRV). Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of mobile phone use with different components of HRV. Materials and Methods: In our study, HRV was measured in 95 college-going students (males: 49 and females: 46) using root mean square polyrite-D during 3 phases with each phase being recorded continuously for 2 min: Phase 1: Basal recording; Phase 2: Mobile phone use during active call with direct contact to the ear; and Phase 3: Mobile phone use during active call with earphones. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using repeated measures non-parametric test followed by multiple comparison tests. Results: There was a significant increase in mean HR and decrease in mean RR interval from baseline through Phase 3 to Phase 2. This study shows that there was statistically significant change in root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio between basal recording and during active call (direct contact of mobile phone to the ear and also with use of earphones); however, no change was seen between direct contact of mobile phone to the ear and during the use of earphones. Standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals did not show any significant change. We also observed gender differences in some of the HRV parameters. Conclusion: There is a considerable effect of mobile phone use on HR and HRV parameters. Furthermore, the changes noted are less with earphone use than when compared with the use of mobile phone in direct contact with the ear though these differences were not significant statistically.

Study of cochlear microphonic potentials in auditory neuropathy

IntroductionAuditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony is a disorder characterized by the presence of Otoacoustic Emissions and Cochlear Microphonic Potentials, an absence or severe alteration of Brainstem Evoked Auditory Potential, auditory thresholds incompatible with speech thresholds and altered acoustic reflexes. The study of the Cochlear Microphonic Potential appears to be the most important tool for an accurate diagnosis of this pathology. ObjectiveDetermine the characteristics of the Cochlear Microphonic in Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony using an integrative review. MethodsBibliographic survey of Pubmed and Bireme platforms and MedLine, LILACS and SciELO data banks, with standardized searches up to July 2014, using keywords. Criteria were established for the selection and assessment of the scientific studies surveyed, considering the following aspects: author, year/place, degree of recommendation/level of scientific evidence, objective, sample, age range, mean age, tests, results and conclusion. ResultsOf the 1959 articles found, 1914 were excluded for the title, 20 for the abstract, 9 for the text of the article, 2 for being repeated and 14 were selected for the study. ConclusionThe presence of the Cochlear Microphonic is a determining finding in the differential diagnosis of Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony. The protocol for the determination of Cochlear Microphonic must include the use of insert earphones, reverse polarity and blocking the stimulus tube to eliminate electrical artifact interference. The amplitude of the Cochlear Microphonic in Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony shows no significant difference from that of normal individuals. The duration of the Cochlear Microphonic is longer in individuals with Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony.

Efficacy of earphones for 12- to 24-month-old children during visual reinforcement audiometry

Objective: Efficacy of insert and supra-aural earphones during visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) was investigated for 12- to 24-month-old children. Design: VRA testing began in the soundfield and transitioned to either insert or supra-aural earphones. Audiologists recorded threshold estimates, participant behaviors, and an overall subjective rating of earphone acceptance. Study sample: One hundred and eighty-six 12- to 24-month-old children referred to the Department of Audiology at St. Louis Children’s Hospital for a variety of reasons. Results: Subjective ratings indicated high acceptance of insert earphones (84%) and supra-aural earphones (80%) despite negative behaviors. There was no significant difference in the number of threshold estimates based on earphone type for 12- to 17-month-old participants. Participants in the 18- to 24-month-old age group provided significantly more threshold estimates with insert earphones (mean = 5.3 threshold estimates, SD = 3.5) than with supra-aural earphones (mean = 2.9 threshold estimates, SD = 2.9). All seven participants who rejected earphone placement were successfully reconditioned for soundfield testing. Conclusions: Data support the use of insert earphones during VRA, especially with 18-to 24-month-old children, to obtain ear-specific information.

Reducing the risk of music-induced hearing loss from overuse of portable listening devices: understanding the problems and establishing strategies for improving awareness in adolescents.

Hearing loss from the overuse of portable listening devices (PLDs), such as MP3 players or iPods, is of great concern in the popular media. This review aims to discuss the current state of scientific knowledge about music-induced hearing loss from PLD use. This report evaluates the literature on the risk to hearing from PLD use, the individual and psychological factors that influence PLD usage, and strategies for reducing exposure to music through PLDs. Specific interventions are reviewed, and several recommendations for designing interventions and for individual intervention in clinical practice are presented. Clinical recommendations suggested include the “80–90 rule” and the use of isolator-style earphones to reduce background noise.

The use of graphene-based earphones in wireless communication

Graphene-based materials have attracted much attention in recent years. Many researchers have demonstrated prototypes using graphene-based materials, but few specific applications have appeared. Graphene-based acoustic devices have become a popular topic. This paper describes a novel method to fabricate graphene-based earphones by laser scribing. The earphones have been used in wireless communication systems. A wireless communication system was built based on an ARM board. Voice from a mobile phone was transmitted to a graphene-based earphone. The output sound had a similar wave envelope to that of the input; some differences were introduced by the DC bias added to the driving circuit of the graphene-based earphone. The graphene-based earphone was demonstrated to have a great potential in wireless communication.

Reduction of electromagnetic radiation from GSM mobile phone on human brain by the use of Bluetooth headset and earphone

Technology is considered to be the mount to climb up and attain the desired degree of development in a society. Man has been trying to facilitate his life through inventions and innovation. He invaded telecommunication system which leads to invention of mobile phones. In recent years, usage of mobile phone increased drastically. Since the mobile phone comes close to the head, concern about adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on the nervous system increased and this badly affects the human brain. This paper discussed on the analysis done to study the reduced effect of electromagnetic radiation on human brain from mobile phone when we used Bluetooth headset and earphone. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using five volunteers. The mobile phone used is consist of GSM 2G technology. The period of operation is 10 minutes as talking time on the phone. Electroencephalogram is method which is used to monitor and capture the brain signals during the experimental analysis for 10 minutes interval. The result shows that the effects of electromagnetic radiations are reduced more for earphone use than the Bluetooth headset.

Satisfacción de los Adultos Mayores por el Uso de Audífonos otorgados por el Programa Chileno de Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES)

This paper describes a study about the user satisfaction of senior people in Chile for the use of earphones given by the Chilean Program Explicit Health Guaranties (GES). For this reason, the requirements established for the use of earphones in a representative sample of older people in Chile (target population) are analyzed and the benefits achieved by the use of earphones in the target population are discussed. In addition, this paper presents an analysis of factors of the main components of life quality perception by the use of earphones in senior people. It is concluded that there is direct relation between the use of earphones and quality life of senior people that used them.

Distracted biking: a review of the current state-of-knowledge

Cyclists, much like drivers, have always been engaged in multi-tasking activities like using hand-held devices, listening to music, snacking, or reading while bicycling. While distracted drivers endanger themselves and other, distracted bikers, in general present more risk to themselves than to others. Distracted bicycling, however, has not received similar interventions to address safety related issues. This study reviewed the state-of-knowledge on policies, programs, data sources, and identified data collection opportunities and research needs. Literature review conducted in this study revealed only six [6] past studies that investigated the effect of distracted bicycling. The review also found that several agencies/organizations listed the use of portable electronic devices while cycling as unsafe behavior. Some of the agencies/organizations in the United States, Canada, Belgium, Bermuda, Germany, and New Zealand have implemented interventions to curb distracted bicycling such as education, awareness programs, and legislation. The majority of the legislation enacted ban the use of headphones or earphones in or on one or both ears and few ban hand-held phones while cycling. In addition to these, one law common to all U.S. states and District of Columbia restricts cyclists from carrying bundles, articles or objects that prevent them from keeping at least one hand on the handlebars which indirectly addresses distracted bicycling. Language: en