Use Of DS Research Articles

Use of Dietary Supplements and Influencing Factors in Children.

In recent years, the use of dietary supplements has increased in all age groups. Parents may also use these supplements for their children for different reasons. This study aims to determine the use of dietary supplements by children, the factors affecting this use, and the attitudes of parents about these products. A total of 1038 children aged 2-18 years without any chronic disease who presented to the pediatric outpatient clinics of Ege University Children's Hospital were included in this study. Parents (n = 1000) who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed face-to-face, and a comprehensive questionnaire including questions about children's use of dietary supplements, sociodemographic characteristics, and parents' attitudes towards dietary supplements was administered. Analyses were performed with SPSS 25.0. The mean age of the children included in our study was 8.6 ± 4.8 years, and 51% (n = 510) were male. It was found that 32.5% of the children used nutritional supplements, and vitamin-mineral preparations (23.2%) were the most frequently used. Omega-3 (19.3%) and immune support products (9.4%) were the second and third most frequently used supplements, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the use of dietary supplements and the child's age, body weight, body mass index, parents' educational level, being health worker, and economic status (p < 0.05). It was found that most of the families thought that vitamin-mineral and omega-3 products were beneficial for growth and development and that they received information from doctors most frequently before taking these products. However, it was found that families followed the media as the second most frequent source of information for these products. Approximately one-third of the children in our study use dietary supplements. It is very important to raise awareness among families about the use of these products when necessary and with the recommendation of a physician. To prevent families from using dietary supplements that are not necessary for their children, especially due to misinformation in the media, pediatricians should provide correct information to parents about these products at every clinic visit. A concerted effort is needed from policy makers, media organizations, and health care providers to guide the safe use of DS. The results obtained from this study will shed light on future randomized controlled prospective studies.

Relationship between consumption of sports supplements and addiction to sport in road and mountain runners

sports nutrition and supplementation (SD) are commonly used by road and mountain runners to achieve their goals and increased performance. However, sometimes sports practice can become an obsession and/or addiction, although the literature on the use of DS and sports addiction (SD) is scarce. to describe and analyse the relationship between SD use and AD in asphalt and mountain runners in the Canary Islands. a cross-sectional observational study in a sample of 613 adult athletes, using a self-administered online questionnaire that assessed SD use and AD, disseminated by federations, sports clubs, race organisers and social networks. 75.7 % of participants reported taking some form of SD and being younger was associated with a higher likelihood of taking SD. On the total SD scale (SAS-15) the mean was 9.19 (SD = 3.24), above the midpoint of the theoretical range (0-15). Among participants taking and not taking DS, there is higher AD in those taking versus those not; and among those taking DS, AD is significantly higher in those taking weight management recoverers and supplements. the sample had indicators of WD and, for the most part, were consuming some form of DS. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the use of DS and WD in road and mountain runners, with the level of WD being a predictor of DS consumption.

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The purpose of this research is to study the prevalence of self-medication with DS in the Republic of Armenia․ The study among consumers was conducted by the method of a survey using a questionnaire. The survey involved 385 adult citizens of the RA. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS (23.0). Based on the findings of the study, a significant proportion of the respondents (51.8%) reported having used various types of DS. Notably, a considerable percentage of DS usage was observed among individuals aged 65 years and above, as well as those with a higher level of education. The study also revealed that the majority of consumers tend to engage in self-medication when faced with minor illnesses, often opting to use DS without seeking advice from healthcare professionals. These findings provide valuable insights into the self-medication by consumers and their use of DS. The results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at increasing awareness about the appropriate use of supplements. To address these concerns, healthcare professionals, such as physicians, pharmacists, and other relevant practitioners play a crucial role in counseling patients and the general public. They should provide comprehensive guidance regarding the benefits and risks associated with dietary supplements. Additionally, it is essential to enhance consumer involvement in the health insurance system. By doing so, consumers will be encouraged to seek medical help without hesitation, ensuring they receive the necessary diagnosis and professional advice.

Subchronic effect of different doses ofDiclofenac Sodium on female reproductive system in rats.

NSAIDs are widely utilized drugs in today's world. These medications are well-known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The goal of this study was to suggest and explain the subchronic effects of low and high doses of diclofenac on female reproductive system in rats. A total of 24 female rats were divided into 4 groups, six rats in each. The first group was given distilled water as a control, the second and third groups were given diclofenac (1 mg/kg) and(5 mg/kg) respectively. The fourth group was given a combination of diclofenac and mefenamic acid for 35 days. Hormonal, biochemical, and hematological tests were performed. Low dose diclofenac showed no significant change regarding PGE2, LH, progesterone, prolactin, and glutathione, but an increase in FSH, and decrease in estrogen compared to control group were documented. In contrast, high dose diclofenac alone or combined with mefenamic acid showed significant impact on female reproductive system documented by biochemical and histopathological evaluations. At hematological levels diclofenac decrease RBC,HGB, and platelet account but no change in the total WBC were found. Sub-chronic use of DS alone or in combination with mefenamic acid have a deleterious impact on the female reproductive system, oxidative stress and hematological parametersKeywords:NSAIDs, diclofenac sodium, female reproductive toxicity, hematologic.

Trends in dietary supplement use among athletes selected for doping controls.

Dietary supplements (DS) may be beneficial for athletes in certain situations, whereas incorrect or excessive use may impair performance, pose a risk to the athlete's health and cause positive doping tests by containing prohibited substances. To provide athletes with relevant and tailored information on safe supplement use, a better knowledge about DS trends over time and between sport disciplines are needed. This study examines the use of DS among athletes who have participated in doping controls by extracting information derived from 10,418 doping control forms (DCF) collected by Anti-Doping Norway from 2015 to 2019. Overall, 51% of the DCFs contained information about at least one DS. National level athletes (NLA) more often reported using DS than recreational athletes (RA) (53 vs. 47%, p < 0.001). Athletes in strength and power (71%), VO2max endurance (56%) and muscular endurance sports (55%) had the highest proportion of DCFs with information about DS. Medical supplements were the most used supplement category for both genders and across all sports. Dietary supplements with a high risk of containing doping substances were most common among male, RA in strength and power sports. There were small and non-significant year-to-year variations in the prevalence of athletes using DS, while the number of products used concomitantly peaked in 2017 before declining in 2019 (2.30 vs. 2.08, p < 0.01). The use of medical supplements and ergogenic substances increased slightly for both NLA and RA from 2015 to 2019, while the use of all other supplement categories declined. Half of the 10,418 DCFs contained information about DS, with variations within the athlete population. DS with high risk of containing prohibited substances were mostly seen in sport disciplines requiring a high degree of specialization in strength/power, including powerlifting and weightlifting, as well as in some team sports, such as cheerleading and american football.

A conversational agent system for dietary supplements use

BackgroundDietary supplements (DS) have been widely used by consumers, but the information around the efficacy and safety of DS is disparate or incomplete, thus creating barriers for consumers to find information effectively. Conversational agent (CA) systems have been applied to healthcare domain, but there is no such system to answer consumers regarding DS use, although widespread use of DS. In this study, we develop the first CA system for DS use.MethodsOur CA system for DS use developed on the MindMeld framework, consists of three components: question understanding, DS knowledge base, and answer generation. We collected and annotated 1509 questions to develop a natural language understanding module (e.g., question type classifier, named entity recognizer) which was then integrated into MindMeld framework. CA then queries the DS knowledge base (i.e., iDISK) and generates answers using rule-based slot filling techniques. We evaluated the algorithms of each component and the CA system as a whole.ResultsCNN is the best question classifier with an F1 score of 0.81, and CRF is the best named entity recognizer with an F1 score of 0.87. The system achieves an overall accuracy of 81% and an average score of 1.82 with succ@3 + score of 76.2% and succ@2 + of 66% approximately.ConclusionThis study develops the first CA system for DS use using the MindMeld framework and iDISK domain knowledge base.

The Use of Dietary Supplements for Mental Health Among the Saudi Population

IntroductionDespite the limited evidence about the efficacy and safety of dietary supplement use for mental health, people tend to use them quite often. Generally the use of supplements among Saudi population shown to be prevalent, although limited studies that assessed their use for the improvement of mental health.ObjectivesIdentify the prevalence of dietary supplements use for mental health among the population in Saudi Arabia and also determine the factors that affect the use of dietary health supplements for mental health.MethodsA cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 443 participants from various regions in Saudi Arabia. Questionnaire includes demographics, dietary use supplement assessment, and mental health assessment via the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7), and insomnia severity index (ISI).ResultsThe prevalence of DS among the Saudi population reached 44%. Vitamin D and Melatonin were the most commonly reported DS used for mental health among the study population. The use of DS was associated with three times higher odds in patients who had previous mental health disorder diagnoses (OR 2.972; 95%CI; 1.602-5.515). The chance of using DS almost doubled in patients with subthreshold and moderate-severe insomnia (OR 1.930;95% CI 1.191-3.126) and (OR 2.485; 95% CI 1.247- 4.954) respectively.ConclusionsDespite the limited evidence about the efficacy and safety of dietary supplement use for mental health, people tend to use them quite often. Although the use of supplements among Saudi population shown to be prevalent, limited studies assessed their use for the improvement of mental health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Trends in Overall and Nutrient-Containing Dietary Supplement Use Among the U.S. Population (≥1 y), NHANES 2007–2018

ObjectivesDS use is widespread in the U.S. and contributes large amounts of micronutrients to users. The prevalence of DS use over time has been characterized; however, most studies have relied on data from one assessment method. Combining multiple methods of assessment enhances the ability to capture nutrient exposures from DS; additional studies updating prevalence of DS use estimates using this approach are needed, as well as documentation of a classification system for DS products. Thus, the objective was to characterize the prevalence of DS use over time among a nationally-representative sample of the U.S. population (≥ 1y), using a combined approach of DS assessment and a DS classification system.MethodsNHANES obtains DS use via a 30-day frequency method and an in-home inventory (Dietary Supplement and Prescription Medicine Questionnaire (DSMQ)), and two 24-hr recalls (24 HR). All NHANES cycles with 24 HR and DSMQ data were used to characterize DS use and examine trends in any and nutrient-containing (VM-only) DS use, using the DSMQ or ≥1 24 HR. Trends in the prevalence of use and selected types of products used were estimated for the population and by sex, age, race/Hispanic origin, family income (PIR ≤ 130%, 131 to 350%, and >350%), and household food security (food secure vs. insecure). Linear trends were tested using orthogonal polynomials; significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsDS use increased from 50% in 2007 to 56% in 2018 (p = 0.001). While use of VM-only products increased (46% to 49%; p = 0.029), multivitamin-mineral use decreased (p < 0.001). Single-nutrient DS (e.g., magnesium, vitamins B12 and D), also increased in use (all p < 0.001). Among adults (≥19 y), any (54% to 61%) and VM-only (49% to 54%) DS use increased, specifically among men, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, and low-income (PIR ≤ 130%) adults. Among children (1–18 y), any and VM-only DS use remained stable at ∼38%, except for children living with food insecurity, where use increased from 24% to 31% over the decade (p = 0.035).ConclusionsThe prevalence of any and VM-only DS use in the U.S. increased over time and may be attributable to increases in the use of single-nutrient DS. Differences in DS use exist by population subgroup. This study contributes to a small body of literature that utilizes multiple methods of DS assessment designed to increase the accuracy of DS exposure assessment.Funding SourcesN/A.

Performance, nutrient use, and methanogenesis of Nellore cattle on a continuous grazing system of Urochloa brizantha and fed supplement types varying on protein and energy sources

Supplementation of grazing cattle may improve forage utilization, methane emission and efficiency of nutrients use. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different supllementation strategies on performance, metabolic parameters and methane emission in Nellore cattle reared on well-managed marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv Marandu) pastures. Three supplementation strategies consisted of protein and energy sources from traditional ingredients compared to a novel feedstuff: TS) Traditional supplement (protein-energy) composed of ground corn and soybean meal; ES) energy supplement composed of ground corn; and DS) Distiller's coproduct supplement (protein-energy) composed of ground corn and dried distiller grain (DDG). All supplements were offered at 0.3% of body weight (BW). Sixty-nine growing Nellore bulls [251 kg of body weight (BW) ± 13.0 kg] were randomly distributed according to initial BW in nine paddocks (twenty-three animals per treatment, three paddocks per treatment) to evaluate liveweight gain. From these, eighteen bulls (381.83 kg BW ± 16.15 kg) were selected for methane emission measurements (six animals per treatment) using sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique. Six rumen cannulated steers (289.5 kg BW ± 19.6 kg) across six paddocks (two per treatment) were used in an incomplete double Latin square design (3 treatments x 4 periods) to evaluate metabolic parameters. Statistical analyses were done using the Mixed Procedure in SAS and adopting significance level at 5%. It was hypothesized that the use of DS or ES, could increase the N use efficiency because of a higher rumen undegradable protein content, and more energy available for microbial synthesis in the rumen, respectively. Overall, there were no differences on animal performance, intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal parameters, and microbial protein synthesis among treatments indicating that any of the supplemental sources could be utilized. Although, animals in DS had lower urine N excretion. The ES supplement increased methane yield (g/DMI) and the methane conversion factor Ym (% of gross energy intake) when compared to other treatments, but not methane production, which was similar among all treatments.

Effect of sub-technique transitions on energy expenditure and physiological load in the classical-style technique among elite male cross-country skiers

PurposeTo investigate whether sub-technique transitions in the classical-style technique are associated with increased energy expenditure and/or metabolic stress among elite male cross-country skiers.MethodsFifteen elite male skiers completed three 10-min treadmill roller-skiing tests, each of which consisted of 5 min using the diagonal-stride technique (DS) and 5 min using the double-poling technique (DP), combined in three various modes all ensuring comparable mechanical workload, at an inclination of 2.5° and a speed of 13 km/h. In the first and third tests, the participants used 5 min continuous DS followed by 5 min continuous DP, or vice versa (no transition (NT) test), whereas in the second test, they made transitions between DS and DP every 6 s (repeated transition (RT) test). The last 3 min of each 5-min stage was used to calculate the mean values of oxygen uptake ({dot{text{V}}text{O}}_{{2}}), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), metabolic rate (MR), mechanical work rate (MWR), and gross efficiency (GE). In addition, the pre–post-difference in blood lactate concentration (Ladiff) was determined for each test. Paired-samples t tests were used to investigate differences between tests.ResultsThere were no significant differences between NT and RT tests regarding V̇O2, MR, MWR, or GE. Conversely, significant differences were found in RER and Ladiff, where the NT test was associated with higher RER and Ladiff values.ConclusionsRoller skiing with repeated sub-technique transitions is not associated with an additional aerobic energy contribution; instead, the anaerobic energy contribution was lower compared to that under continuous use of DS and DP.

Nonvitamin, Nonmineral Dietary Supplement Use in Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background:Over-the-counter, natural productbased (nonvitamin, nonmineral) dietary supplement (NVNM DS) use is common in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a group at risk for drug-DS interactions, due to polypharmacy, but this use is underreported to health care providers. Recent dramatic changes in US sales of specific NVNM DS suggest that the prevalence and types of NVNM DS used in RA populations may also have shifted. Objectives:A study was undertaken to identify current and past use of specific NVNM DS for RA disease treatment and to examine associations between use of NVNM DS, RA pharmaceuticals, and/or vitamin or mineral (VM) DS. Methods:We developed a survey instrument to capture current and ever use of specific NVNM DS, VM DS, and RA pharmaceuticals, with 696 subjects self-reporting an RA diagnosis recruited online or in clinic for survey participation. Analyses were limited to 611 subjects reporting RA diagnosis after age 18 y and treatment with specific RA pharmaceuticals. Results:Most participants reported DS use, with current usage prevalence 49.6% (n = 303), 83.5% (n = 510), or 87.6% (n = 535) for NVNM, VM, or any DS, respectively. While not having appeared in previous RA surveys, turmeric and ginger were among the top 3 NVNM DS in current use, along with fish oil/-3 (n–3) PUFA. Concurrent NVNM DS use was reported by 48.2% (n = 243) of participants currently using RA pharmaceuticals (n = 504) and was more common in those using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs only (no biologics). Most methotrexate users (83%)reported concurrent folate supplementation, with one-third also using turmeric, which is notable because methotrexate and turmeric have been associated with hepatotoxicity. Conclusions:Individuals with RA commonly use NVNM DS in combination with RA pharmaceuticals, including a previously undocumented but popular use of turmeric or ginger supplements with an unclear risk/benefit ratio.

A importância da Sequência Didática (SD) na Educação Ambiental: um relato de experiência no Centro de Educação em Tempo Integral Monsenhor Boson

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a Educação Ambiental (EA), num contexto interdisciplinar, enfatizando sua importância na construção de uma sociedade mais sustentável, saudável e responsável, estimulando no aluno a consciência ambiental e a cidadania. O estudo foi realizado com 50 alunos de duas turmas de 3º ano do Ensino Médio, do Centro de Educação de Tempo Integral - CETI Monsenhor Boson, em Água Branca-PI. Para tanto, foi realizada uma Sequência Didática (SD), em seis etapas (aplicação de pré-teste; aulas de sensibilização; confecção de artesanatos com materiais reciclados; preparo de cardápios reaproveitando sobras alimentares; culminância dos trabalhos, e; aplicação do pós-teste). Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que os trabalhos desenvolvidos, durante a SD proporcionaram aprendizagem significativa, evidenciada pela melhora no número de acertos do pós-teste (86%), em relação ao pré-teste (58%), bem como por concepções e atitudes apresentadas pelos discentes. Percebeu-se o engajamento dos alunos na realização da SD, possibilitando a reflexão da necessidade de preservar o meio ambiente, possivelmente tornando-os, sujeitos mais conscientes sobre a importância do meio ambiente, de modo que eles possam colocar em prática alguns conhecimentos adquiridos. Desse modo, o uso da SD foi importante no ensino da Educação Ambiental, para a conscientização cidadã, uma vez que esse deve ser um processo contínuo, devendo ser constantemente abordado no ambiente escolar.

Technical note: An improved discharge sensitivity metric for young water fractions

Abstract. Recent virtual and experimental investigations have shown that the young water fraction Fyw (i.e. the proportion of catchment outflow younger than circa 2–3 months) increases with discharge in most catchments. The discharge sensitivity of Fyw has been defined as the rate of increase in Fyw with increasing discharge (Q) and has been estimated by the linear regression slope between Fyw and Q, hereafter called DS(Q). The combined use of both metrics, Fyw and DS(Q), provides a promising method for catchment inter-comparison studies that seek to understand streamflow generation processes. Here we explore the discharge sensitivity of Fyw in the intensively sampled small Mediterranean research catchment Can Vila. Intensive sampling of high flows at Can Vila allows young water fractions to be estimated for the far upper tail of the flow frequency distribution. These young water fractions converge toward 1 at the highest flows, illustrating a conceptual limitation in the linear regression method for estimating DS(Q) as a metric of discharge sensitivity: Fyw cannot grow with discharge indefinitely, since the fraction of young water in discharge can never be larger than 1. Here we propose to quantify discharge sensitivity by the parameter of an exponential-type equation that expresses how Fyw varies with discharge. The exponential parameter (Sd) approximates DS(Q) at moderate discharges where Fyw is well below 1; however, the exponential equation and its discharge sensitivity metric better capture the non-linear relationship between Fyw and Q and are robust with respect to changes in the range of sampled discharges, allowing comparisons between catchments with strongly contrasting flow regimes.

Dietary supplements use by fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans compared to meat eaters:, relationships with inadequate nutrient intake and sociodemographic characteristics

AbstractIntroductionDietary supplements (DS) containing nutrients found mainly in animal products might be useful for individuals following specific type of vegetarian diet. However, the nutritional quality of the overall diet has been reported better in vegetarians compared to meat eaters, nuancing this potential interest. Little information is available about DS use according to the different types of vegetarian diets. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe DS use among fish eaters, vegetarians, vegans and meat eaters and to investigate its impact on nutritional inadequacy and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. Potentially at-risk DS use which include DS-drugs contraindicated associations; use of DS pointed out by safety authorities; and excess of tolerable upper intake levels were also described.Material and methods76,925 participants to the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed a quantitative DS questionnaire and three 24 h dietary records were classified into 4 diet groups: 74,558 meat eaters, 1,126 fish eaters, 793 strict vegetarians and 448 vegans. A composition database including &gt; 8000 DS was used. The prevalence of nutritional inadequacy was determined based on usual dietary intakes corrected by variance reduction, and analyses were weighted according to the French census data. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and DS use.ResultsThe proportion of DS users (at least one DS during the last 12 months) was 42.4% in meat eaters, 65.7% in fish eaters, 61.7% in strict vegetarians and 76.7% in vegans. As compared to food intake alone, DS use lead to low decrease in nutritional inadequacy (&lt; 5%), except in vegan for whom substantial decrease in inadequacy was observed for zinc (-5%), riboflavin (-11%) and vitamin B12 (-28%). Compared to meat eaters, fish eaters and vegetarians DS users showed highest proportions of DS-drugs contraindicated associations, use of DS pointed out by safety authorities, and subjects exceeding tolerable upper intake. Vegan DS users showed the lowest proportions of DS-drugs contraindicated associations and use of DS pointed out by safety authorities. DS use was associated with higher education in fish eaters, higher education and being non-smoker in vegetarians, and higher income in vegans (all p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionOur results suggest that DS contribute to reducing the risk of inadequate intake for specific animal product-related nutrients mostly in vegans. DS use was associated with different sociodemographic characteristics depending on the vegetarian diet type. Potential benefits or risks associated with DS use in vegetarians should be assessed in further longitudinal studies.

Soil temperature estimation at different depths, using remotely-sensed data

Soil temperatures at different depths down the soil profile are important agro-meteorological indicators which are necessary for ecological modeling and precision agricultural activities. In this paper, using time series of soil temperature (ST) measured at different depths (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm) at agro-meteorological stations in northern China as reference data, ST was estimated from land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from AQUA/TERRA MODIS data, and solar declination (Ds) in univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Results showed that when daytime LST is used as predictor, the coefficient of determination (R2) values decrease from the 0 cm layer to the 40 cm layer. Additionally, with the use of nighttime LST as predictor, the R2 values were relatively higher at 5, 10 and 15 cm depths than those at 0, 20 and 40 cm depths. It is further observed that the multiple linear regression models for soil temperature estimation outperform the univariate linear regression models based on the root mean squared errors (RMSEs) and R2. These results have demonstrated the potential of MODIS data in tandem with the Ds parameter for soil temperature estimation at the upper layers of the soil profile where plant roots grow in. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at the synergistic use of LST, NDVI and Ds for soil temperature estimation at different depths of the upper layers of the soil profile, representing a significant contribution to soil remote sensing.

Древнеегипетское заклинание из гробницы Неха в эль-Катта

A translation and commentary on the spell in the tomb of Neha at el-Qatta previously discussed by H. D. Schneider (1977) and T. J. Allen (2013). The spell was believed to provide Neha, after his death, with magical powers over representations (possibly statuettes) of his “workers-kAwtyw” designed to serve him in the next world. However, as an indispensable condition for the effectiveness of the spell was considered to be the faultlessness of the acquisition of the representations, the latter was asserted in passages resembling an ideal autobiography. The expression mr(y)t(=f) Ds=f “his own household people” in l. 22 is the Middle Kingdom colloquial equivalent of the mr(y)t=f n(y)t Dt=f, which has survived in nomarch Nehery’s tomb at el-Bersheh and on the pedestal of a sculptural group of four figurines from the mastaba of Shepi at Dahshur (CG 512). The latter parallel is of special significance, since in the selection and arrangement of other spells Neha’s burial chamber is also comparable to certain tombs in the Dahshur–Lisht region. Neha was most likely influenced by one of the magical traditions of this metropolitan area. If Neha, like Shepi, had a sculptural group of four “household people”, this could explain his words about acquiring “the fourth one (fdnw)” to serve very early and late extra meals (ll. 23 ̶ 24). The noun nDs in l. 17 and the use of the word Ds with the meaning “own” in connection with people date the composition to no later than the reign of Senusret I.

Investigating the environmental impacts of alternative fuel usage in cement production: a life cycle approach

Cement production is a complex process including the use of a high amount of raw materials and energy, and it causes significant emissions such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide. However, the use of alternative fuels in cement production has ecological, economic, and social benefits. In this study, the environmental impacts of alternative fuel usage in cement production process were determined by life cycle assessment (LCA) using two methods: (1) IMPACT 2002+ for determining the effects on climate change, human health, ecosystem quality, and resources and (2) Hoekstra et al. (2012) for determining the effect on water scarcity. For this purpose, firstly, LCA of cement production was conducted for the present situation (PS) in Turkey. Secondly, three scenarios (S1, S2, and S3) were built which include different substitution rates (15% and 30%) and different alternative fuels (refuse-derived fuel [RDF] and thermally dried sludge [DS]). The results indicate that the use of RDF as an alternative fuel is more environmentally friendly than the use of DS in cement production. Climate change, one of the most significant impacts derived from cement production, reduces 27% and 12% with the 30% and 15% substitution rate of fossil fuel by RDF for all cement types, respectively. On the contrary, with the use of DS (substitution rate of 15%), climate change increases about 0.5% compared with PS conspicuously. Considering results in terms of water scarcity assessment, it is concluded that electricity consumption is the most significant process contributed to water scarcity because of the production process of electricity.

Production and Evaluation of Mexican-Style Chorizo Sausage Using Invasive Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Meat

ABSTRACTIn the United States, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is classified as an invasive fish with no commercial value. The main objective of this study was to develop a Mexican-style fish chorizo sausage with silver carp meat. Four formulations (1) containing vinegar (Wet); (2) Wet plus canola oil (O) and cassava starch/soy protein isolate extenders (E); (3) dry seasoning with no vinegar (Dry); and 4) Dry plus OE were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics (proximate composition, pH value, color, cook loss, and textural hardness) and sensory acceptability using 9-point hedonic and just-about-right scales. The addition of OE did not increase (P > 0.05) physicochemical characteristics nor (P > 0.05) sensory acceptance of the chorizo. In contrast, use of DS increased (P > 0.05) the sensory acceptability. However, panelists indicated a “saltiness” perception in all four formulations. A fifth formulation was processed using DS without salt addition. Sensory acceptability increased for this new formulation (scores between 7, like moderately, and 8, like very much). In conclusion, it is possible to formulate a Mexican-style fish chorizo sausage using silver carp meat with DS and no salt. Fish chorizo has good physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance, demonstrating a good alternative use for this otherwise underutilized invasive fish species.

Danshen injection as adjuvant treatment for unstable angina pectoris: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Danshen Injection (, DS) as one adjuvant treatment for conventional therapy with Western medicine (WM) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Using literature databases, a thorough and systematic retrieval of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DS plus WM with WM was conducted from inception to April 2015. The extracted data from included studies was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of included studies, and Begg's and Egger's tests conducted by Stata 12.0 were used to evaluate the potential presence of publication bias. A total of 17 RCTs, which involving 1,433 participants, were identified and reviewed. The meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of DS and WM was significantly superior to WM alone for UAP in terms of the total effectiveness rate of angina pectoris [risk ratio (RR) =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.29, P<0.01] and the total effectiveness rate of electrocardiogram (ECG) [RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.30, P=0.001]. Additionally, DS could also further reduce the content of fibrinogen, adjust blood lipid level, correct T wave inversion, and so on. Fifteen adverse drug reactions were reported in two studies, Four of which appeared in the experimental group. Based on the systematic review, the combined use of DS and WM was more effective than WM alone, it can be further widely used in clinic, however, there was no exact conclusion for its safety.

Balancing water scarcity and quality for sustainable irrigated agriculture

AbstractThe challenge of meeting the projected doubling of global demand for food by 2050 is monumental. It is further exacerbated by the limited prospects for land expansion and rapidly dwindling water resources. A promising strategy for increasing crop yields per unit land requires the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the harnessing of water sources previously considered “marginal” (saline, treated effluent, and desalinated water). Such an expansion, however, must carefully consider potential long‐term risks on soil hydroecological functioning. The study provides critical analyses of use of marginal water and management approaches to map out potential risks. Long‐term application of treated effluent (TE) for irrigation has shown adverse impacts on soil transport properties, and introduces certain health risks due to the persistent exposure of soil biota to anthropogenic compounds (e.g., promoting antibiotic resistance). The availability of desalinated water (DS) for irrigation expands management options and improves yields while reducing irrigation amounts and salt loading into the soil. Quantitative models are used to delineate trends associated with long‐term use of TE and DS considering agricultural, hydrological, and environmental aspects. The primary challenges to the sustainability of agroecosystems lies with the hazards of saline and sodic conditions, and the unintended consequences on soil hydroecological functioning. Multidisciplinary approaches that combine new scientific knowhow with legislative, economic, and societal tools are required to ensure safe and sustainable use of water resources of different qualities. The new scientific knowhow should provide quantitative models for integrating key biophysical processes with ecological interactions at appropriate spatial and temporal scales.