Use Of Discriminant Function Analysis Research Articles

Simulating normal MMPI profiles as a favourable prognostic sign in schizophrenia

An attempt was made to assess the validity of simulating normal MMPI profiles as a prognostic sign in schizophrenia. A reliable and valid system was used to establish the criterion diagnosis of schizophrenia through the use of a standardized structured interview and a diagnostic system based on the use of discriminant function analysis with non-pathognomonic symptom combination. Outcome criteria used included a variety of measures of schizophrenic thought disorder. The results indicated that the ability to simulate a normal MMPI profile upon request is a favourable prognostic sign. Weaknesses of the study are discussed.

Use of Discriminant Function to Characterize Ruffed Grouse Drumming Sites in Georgia: A Critique

Hale et al. (J. Wildl. Manage. 46:115123, 1982) used univariate statistical comparisons and discriminant function analysis to identify the most important characteristics of ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming sites in Georgia. Their univariate comparisons were backed by sound biological discussion. However, their use of discriminant function analysis on such a limited data set is not enlightening and may lead to incorrect biological conclusions.

Utility of MMPI indices of schizophrenia with adolescents.

Assessed the utility of empirically derived MMPI criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia with a sample of hospitalized adolescent patients (N = 89). The criterion diagnosis was established through the use of a standardized structured interview and a diagnostic system for schizophrenia based on the use of discriminant function analysis. Results were quite disappointing because only 23% of the sample obtained an MMPI profile that fit the above criteria.

Kindergarten Prediction of Reading Achievement: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Follow-Up

This paper presents a seven-year longitudinal evaluation of the utility of a kindergarten screening battery for predicting achievement. Based on use of discriminant function analysis and statistical decision theory, results revealed that the battery, administered initially in kindergarten, retained high utility for predicting current achievement outcomes at the end of Grade 6 in this sample.

Sensor and Signal Quantification for Blast Furnace Gas Distribution Control

Gas distribution control has remarkably contributed to the stabilization of blast furnace operation and the improvement in efficiency. In Kawasaki Steel Corporation sensors for gas distribution control and their quantification have been developed.In this report the following items are described.1) Survey of the sensors for gas distribution control.2) Quantification of gas temperature distribution and gas component distribution by use of discriminant function analysis.3) Three types of burden profile meter newly developed by Kawasaki Steel Corporation.4) Their correspondence to actual blast furnace operation both macroscopically and microscopically.Above mentioned sensors were used effectively in actual blast furnace operation. Efficient and stable operation of blast furnaces have been kept in Kawasaki Steel Corporation.

Risk factors and angiographic coronary artery disease: a report from the coronary artery surgery study (CASS).

The findings for 14 risk variables were correlated with the results of coronary arteriography in 8807 patients registered in the interinstitutional Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Discriminant-function analysis revealed that age, sex, cigarette smoking and the level of blood cholesterol best distinguished between the groups with (6688 patients) and without (2119 patients) coronary artery disease. A family history of coronary artery disease and the presence of hypertension or diabetes were of addition, but less, discriminating value. The relative risk for coronary artery disease in patients with the combination of cigarette smoking and an elevated cholesterol level was high (> 4) in females age 55 years or younger and in males age 35 years or younger. Few females age 45 years or younger (seven of 97) had coronary artery disease when both of these risk factors were absent. In spite of these correlations, only limited gains accrued from the use of discriminant-function analysis in correctly allocating patients into disease and nondisease groups. This indicates that, while certain factors are significantly correlated with coronary arteriographic findings, their value for predicting the presence of coronary artery disease is limited.

Age and MMPI indices of schizophrenia.

Assessed the generalizability of empirically derived MMPI criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia with an older sample of hospitalized patients (N = 65). The criterion diagnosis was established through the use of a standarized structured interview and a diagnostic system for schizophrenia based on the use of discriminant function analysis. Results were quite disappointing because only 22% of the sample obtained an MMPI profile that fit the above criteria.

Predictive Validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale with Schizophrenic Patients

The prognostic validity of the Rorschach Rating Scale was assessed with schizophrenic patients. Through the use of a standardized structured interview and a diagnostic system for schizophrenia based on the use of discriminant function analysis with nonpathognomonic symptom combinations, a reliable and valid system was used to establish the criterion diagnosis. Outcome criteria used included a variety of measures of schizophrenic thought disorder. The results help to establish the practical utility of the PRS empirically with schizophrenic patients by demonstrating efficient prediction when other relevant demographic and nontest variables have been controlled. Furthermore, the concept of ego strength from which the PRS was developed does not appear to be too global a characteristic when the area for change is specifically delineated.

The Discriminative Validity of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking

An attempt was made to assess the discriminative validity of the WIST with a sample of psychiatric inpatients. Through the use of a standardized structured interview and a diagnostic system for schizophrenia based on the use of discriminant function analysis with nonpathognomic symptom combinations, a reliable and valid system was used to establish the criterion diagnosis. Approximately 63% of patients reliably diagnosed as schizophrenic were detected via the WIST while only 14% of nonschizophrenic patients scored in the schizophrenic range on the WIST. The assets and liabilities of using the WIST to diagnose schizophrenia are discussed.

MMPI criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia.

An attempt was made to find a combination of MMPI scale relationships which were highly discriminating of schizophrenia. Through the use of a standardized structured interview and a diagnostic system for schizophrenia based on the use of discriminant function analysis with nonpathognomonic symptom combinations, a reliable and valid system was used to establish the criterion diagnosis. Approximately 72% of patients reliably diagnosed as schizophrenics were detected on the MMPI via a set of standard criteria (T score on Sc greater than or equal to 80 less than or equal to 100; total raw score on Sc consisted of no more than 35% K items; T score on F greater than or equal to 75 less than or equal to 95; T score on Pt less than or equal to Sc). Only 5.5% of nonschizophrenics obtained all these standard criteria on the MMPI. The assets and liabilities of these MMPI criteria to diagnose schizophrenia are discussed.

Comparisons of three ordination techniques

Simulated coenoclines were used to test performance of several techniques for ordinating samples by species composition: Wisconsin polar or Bray-Curtis ordination with Euclidean distance (ED) and the complements of percentage similarity (PD) and coefficient of community (CD) as distance measures, Principal components analysis, and polar and non-polar or indirect use of Discriminant function analysis. In general the Bray-Curtis technique gave the best ordinations, and PD was the best distance measure. Euclidean distance gave greater distortion than PD in all tests; CD may be better than PD only for some sample sets of high alpha and beta diversity and high levels of noise or sample error. Principal components ordinations are increasingly distored as beta diversity increases, and are highly vulnerable to effects of both noise and sample clustering. Discriminant function analysis was found generally unsuitable for ordination of samples by species composition, but likely to be useful for sample classification.

Distinguishing Between CAT and Non-CAT Areas by Use of Discriminant Function Analysis

Abstract The formulation of algebraic functions, involving synoptic-scale atmospheric parameters as variables, capable of predicting clear-air turbulence within 7000 ft sub-layers of the stratosphere was attempted. The data sample used was composed of 153 turbulent and non-turbulent regions identified from 46 stratospheric flights of the XB-70 aircraft over the western United States during the period March 1965 to November 1967, and the values of 69 synoptic-scale parameters determined from rawinsonde data associated with each of the regions. After the XB-10 regions and the values of the synoptic-scale parameters were grouped into one or more of five overlapping categories, or sub-layers, determined by the altitude of the aircraft at the time the turbulence or non-turbulence was reported, discriminant function analysis was employed in each sub-layer to construct functions which could discriminate the turbulent from the non-turbulent regions. Those discriminant functions yielding the best results in each s...

Objective index of haemodynamics status for quantitation of severity and prognosis of shock complicating myocardial infarction.

The relative importance of individual and groups of haemodynamic parameters was assessed by the use of discriminant function analysis in 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction and shock. Individual measurements reflecting cardiac output and velocity of blood flow were most reliable as indicators of survival. Discriminant function may serve as an indicator of the severity of shock.