Use Of Design Tools Research Articles

Features of the Life Cycle of the Air Transport System

The paper describes the place of the life cycle of the transport system on the example of products of the aviation industry. Standardization documents reveal the peculiarities of using the terminological standards of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology, the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the CIS in the design and assessment of the competitiveness of aviation equipment. The paper also provides a historical background on the use of design tools and the development of the aviation industry in different countries. The following is an overview of CAD systems and examples of the use of PLM systems. As a conclusion, it talks about improvements in the field of transportation using complex CAD and PLM systems.

Design Processes and Tools as Oppression? Rethinking our Design Practice for more Just Design Outcomes

Our design processes and tools matter, as our design is always shaped by the processes and tools that we use. Context necessarily shapes the content of our design processes and tools. But, without paying attention to the content emerging from that context, the use of these tools and processes may become oppressive. In the wake of colonialism, the un-reflexive use of design tools and processes underpinned by Western conceptual ideas and schema can lead to oppression for design with non- Western or Indigenous peoples. Even tools and processes designed with a supposedly liberatory intent, such as promoting democratic practice or equality, can lead to oppression in their un-reflexive use. Looking at two experiences from my design practice with my own hapū (clan), this article explores the ways in which ideas of democratic participation and equality raised in these two design spaces could function in an oppressive way to cause a form of violence against our traditional lifeworld. This article proposes some ways in which this aspect of design might be modified to help lead to more just design outcomes, through a more reflective and intentional approach when choosing and applying the design tools and processes we use in our design practice.

FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR STEEL CONNECTIONS USING SPECIALIZED 3D MODELING SOFTWARE

The work presents the design process, analysis and practical evaluation of nodal connections of the beam-column frame of a low-rise building in the BIM design environment for the action of active loads and emergency temperature effects of fire. A study of the use of design tools was conducted. The conduct of such studies is due to the need to increase the reliability of the steel frame in fire conditions and to update the requirements of the normative documents of the Eurocodes regardingthe fire resistance of metal structures. The standard fire mode was considered, the heating parameters ofelements connected in nodes were analyzed. A review of the theoretical foundations of the calculation of steel structures for the high-temperature effect of the working environment showed the feasibility of applying a simplified method of calculation and determination of heating parameters accordingto normative data.Simulated rod diagram of the frame with loads. An analysis of the stress-strain behavior (SSB) ofthe elements under the action of the emergency combination was carried out. 3D modeling of thenode was used for further calculation. The BIM concept is implemented by integrating Robot StructuralAnalysis PC with the IdeaStatica calculation complex. It has been established that the connection ofPC Robot Structural Analysis with the IdeaStatica calculation complex is rational for the design andcalculations of buildings and structures in 3D space and allows using the results of the temperature effect calculation to adjust the structural solution in order to reduce its metal consumption, labor costsand rationalize the reserves of bearing capacity.The presented process of designing frame nodes summarizes approaches to the development of effective structural forms. The use of information models simplified design, optimized work processes, and also made it possible to increase the complexity of nodes both at the level of the designsolution and at the level of the calculation model, taking into account the nonlinear effects of temperature influence.

Rancang Bangun Electronic Load Control Generator pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro Berbasis Mikrokontroler dan IoT

Changes in frequency and voltage caused by erratic load changes on consumers of Micro Hydro Power Plants (MHP) can damage generators and household appliances consumers. This problem can be addressed by providing a replacement load. However, to optimize the replacement load, it is necessary to design a control system for the replacement load. This research was conducted to control the generator output when an erratic load change occurs. In addition, this study also aims to monitor the generator output remotely using the internet. Accordingly, the research was conducted with hardware design and software design. Data collection is done by testing technique, while data analysis is done by simple regression. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of design tools can control the replacement load and measure voltage, current, and frequency. The use of this tool can also monitor and store data using the GSM internet network so that monitoring can be carried out remotely

Weaving Together a Decolonial Imaginary Through Design for Effective River Management: Pluriversal Ontological Design in Practice

Abstract Looking at how we, as designers, can move beyond charges of neo-colonialism in social design, this article uses the empirical example of a design project focused on the restoration of a riverine system in New Zealand to provide an outline of ways that pluriversal ontological design can occur in practice. Exploring how the use of design tools and frameworks (e.g., boundary objects and infrastructuring) can help build out a decolonial imaginary, the article demonstrates how— through our design practice— we are able to successfully acknowledge, and work with, different “ways of being” in the world.

The identity affordances of tools: an examination of visual design tool use in STEM

ABSTRACT This article compares how visual design tools are used during an internship for high schoolers co-researching science journalism through infographics. Drawing on interns’ documentation of design processes, we demonstrate that tools shape both how youth create visual representations and how features of tools enable and constrain youth in positioning themselves in socially valued ways. Thus, affordances of tools can be interpreted according to their cognitive and identity fostering properties. We argue identity affordances of tools are under-theorized and are consequential for learners and learning. Educators should be mindful of, if not make explicit, properties of tools when designing for learning.

Tools for Wellbeing-Supportive Design: Features, Characteristics, and Prototypes

While research on wellbeing within Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is an active space, a gap between research and practice persists. To tackle this, we sought to identify the practical needs of designers in taking wellbeing research into practice. We report on 15 semi-structured interviews with designers from four continents, yielding insights into design tool use generally and requirements for wellbeing design tools specifically. We then present five resulting design tool concepts, two of which were further developed into prototypes and tested in a workshop with 34 interaction design and HCI professionals. Findings include seven desirable features and three desirable characteristics for wellbeing-supportive design tools, including that these tools should satisfy the need for proof, buy-in, and tangibility. We also provide clarity around the notion of design for wellbeing and why it must be distinguished from design for positive emotions.

Design Fixation From Initial Examples: Provided Versus Self-Generated Ideas

AbstractJansson and Smith (1991, “Design Fixation,” Des. Stud., 12(1), pp. 3–11) demonstrated that design fixation occurs when an example solution is provided along with a design problem. After seeing an example concept—even with its flaws pointed out—new designs often share its features. In Jansson and Smith’s studies, a control group saw no example and showed less fixation to the example provided only in the other group. However, another source of fixation from an initial example may arise in the control group from the designer’s own first-generated concept. We conducted a large-scale experiment with beginning engineers to investigate whether design fixation occurs even without seeing a provided example. Half of the participants saw an example solution and half were given no example; instead, they generated their own initial design. Next, all students were individually brainstormed ideas for 30 min. We analyzed both groups’ concepts for fixation on the first solution they saw—either the example provided or their own initial concept. The results showed that the students provided with an example concept experienced less fixation on the initial example than those in the control group, whose concepts were evaluated for similarity to their own initial concept. To consider whether fixation on initial examples (provided or self-generated) might be mitigated, we asked these students to complete a second (30 min) idea generation phase using Design Heuristics for idea inspiration. The results showed that both groups experienced less fixation during the second-generation phase. These findings suggest that fixation on first solutions occurs in individual idea generation arising from both provided examples and self-generated concepts. However, more divergent idea generation can be facilitated through the use of design tools, such as Design Heuristics, to mitigate the consequences of design fixation.

The role of design method and process technology in stable outsourcing equilibria

We analyze a model of vertical (dis)integration between manufacturing and design in a monopolistically competitive market. Specialized input manufacturers can serve multiple design firms and the manufacturer-designer pairs negotiate a non-binding contract to share input customization cost and production surplus. Hand-collected data on 387 product lines from 118 semiconductor firms are used to predict the firm’s decision to outsource manufacturing. We find that, for instance, the use of design tools that facilitate collaboration and process technologies that facilitate learning are both positively associated with outsourcing, consistent with the model’s prediction.

Exploring the application of co-design to transformative service research

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate in a transformative service research (TSR) context how users can be involved through co-design and what contributions they can make during this process.Design/methodology/approachA six-step co-design process was used to plan and facilitate two co-design sessions that involved a total of 24 participants. The collected data include field notes, transcripts from group discussions, recordings of idea presentations and the evaluation of ideas.FindingsA recruitment strategy that uses strong networks and sensitizes users through generating awareness of the underlying issue can prevent the waste of valuable resources. During the facilitation stage, experts need to find the fine line between close guidance and giving voice to the users. User-generated ideas set the starting point for new value propositions that more effectively support users in their value creation processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to one specific sample and design task. Future research is required that investigates the application of co-design to other TSR contexts.Practical implicationsIn TSR, organizations will need to follow a different co-design approach owing to the sensitive nature of the design task and/or users that are not driven by innovation-related motivations. Organizations should tap into their networks to raise awareness and recruit suitable participants. To capture users’ unique insights and foster the collective creativity, facilitation should focus on enabling participants through the use of design tools and team management.Originality/valueThe study contributes new insights into requirements, challenges and benefits of applying co-design to TSR contexts. The study shows that ordinary users, if empowered, can give important insights into the design of new value propositions.

Hands on design: comparing the use of sketching and gesturing in collaborative designing

This study explored the remaining potential of gestures as creative tools for collaborative designing. We compared novice designers' use of sketching against gesturing in early ideation and rough visualisation. To preserve the kinesic character of gestures, we developed a detailed video analysis method, which revealed that the majority of sketching and gesturing was complementary to speech. Sketching was important for defining complicated structures, while gesturing was frequently used for all aspects of designing. Moreover, we identified that the level of collaboration - the level and immediacy of sharing one's ideas for others - is an important factor. As an underrepresented phenomenon in the design literature, the meaning of collaboration unearthed here leads to unmistakable conclusions regarding the nature of gesturing, to the process of learning design, and to the use of design tools. Most notably, gesturing offers a complementary creative dimension - kinaesthetic thinking - which invites us to communicate and share instantaneously.

‘To Bring Distant Horizons Closer’: Fashioning the Decolonial Imaginary in Social Design

Looking at how we, as designers, can move beyond charges of neo-colonialism in social design this article uses the empirical example of a social design project focused on the restoration of a riverine system in New Zealand to provide an outline of ways that decolonial design can occur in practice. Exploring how the concept of ontological design, and the use of design tools and frameworks such as boundary objects and infrastructuring, can help build out a decolonial social imaginary the article demonstrates how – through our design practice – we are able to successfully acknowledge, and work with, different ‘ways of being’ in the world.

Skinning a Robot: Design Methodologies for Large-Scale Robot Skin

Providing a robot with large-scale tactile-sensing capabilities requires the use of design tools, bridging the gap between user requirements and technical solutions. Given a set of functional requirements (e.g., minimum spatial sensitivity or minimum detectable force), two prerequisites must be considered: 1) the capability of the chosen tactile technology to satisfy these requirements from a technical standpoint and 2) the ability of the customization process to find a tradeoff among different design parameters, such as (in case of robot skins based on the capacitive principle) dielectric thickness, diameter of sensing points, and weight. The contribution of this article is twofold: 1) a description of the possibilities offered by a design toolbox for large-scale robot skin based on finite element analysis and optimization principles, which provides a designer with insights and alternative choices to obtain a given tactile performance according to the scenario at hand and 2) a discussion about the intrinsic limitations in simulating robot skin.

The Reflections of Visual Literacy Training in Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions and Instructional Materials Design

The Reflections of Visual Literacy Training in Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions and Instructional Materials Design Gülgün Bangir Alpan Abstract This study was conducted to describe the visual literacy training perceptions of pre-service pre-school teachers and the way they use the design tools learned during visual literacy training in their instructional materials. Participants were 57 pre-service teachers and 226 pre-school students. Qualitative data were collected by using semi-structured interviews and student diaries, while quantitative data were collected through the use of graded materials evaluation forms and observation forms for pre-school students. The findings suggested that pre-service teachers had positive perceptions of the visual literacy course. In instructional materials design, they were often successful at the use of design tools. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jehd.v4n2_1a15

The Virtual Design Team: Designing Project Organizations as Engineers Design Bridges

This paper reports on a 20-year program of research intended to advance the theory and practice of organization design for projects from its current status as an art practiced by a handful of consultants worldwide, based on their intuition and tacit knowledge, to: (1) an “organizational engineering” craft, practiced by a new generation of organizational designers; and (2) an attractive and complementary platform for new modes of “virtual synthetic organization theory research.” The paper begins with a real-life scenario that provided the motivation for developing the Virtual Design Team (VDT), an agent-based project organizational simulation tool to help managers design the work processes and organization of project teams engaged in large, semi-routine but complex and fast-paced projects. The paper sets out the underlying philosophy, representation, reasoning, and validation of VDT, and it concludes with suggestions for future research on computational modeling for organization design to extend the frontiers of organizational micro-contingency theory and expand the range of applicability and usefulness of design tools for project organizations and supply-chain networks based on this theory.

The Virtual Design Team: Designing Project Organizations as Engineers Design Bridges

This paper reports on a 20-year program of research intended to advance the theory and practice of organization design for projects from its current status as an art practiced by a handful of consultants worldwide, based on their intuition and tacit knowledge, to: (1) an “organizational engineering” craft, practiced by a new generation of organizational designers; and (2) an attractive and complementary platform for new modes of “virtual synthetic organization theory research.” The paper begins with a real-life scenario that provided the motivation for developing the Virtual Design Team (VDT), an agent-based project organizational simulation tool to help managers design the work processes and organization of project teams engaged in large, semi-routine but complex and fast-paced projects. The paper sets out the underlying philosophy, representation, reasoning, and validation of VDT, and it concludes with suggestions for future research on computational modeling for organization design to extend the frontiers of organizational micro-contingency theory and expand the range of applicability and usefulness of design tools for project organizations and supply-chain networks based on this theory.

A survey-based methodology for prioritising the industrial implementation qualities of design tools

The early use of design tools in new product development has a significant impact on competitive business performance. However, their implementation by companies is not always successful. The main aim of this paper is to enhance research methodology for the development of new design tools to aid successful industrial implementation. A survey of existing research associated with the development and implementation of a wide range of design tools is reviewed, and categorised in terms of their ideal attributes, why, how and when they should be implemented, who should be involved, and where they are best positioned in the product development process. Known issues considered as implementation barriers are also presented in terms of practitioner and manager perspectives. Priority implementation issues are further identified from requirements analysis and the implementation history of four specific design tools at different implementation statuses. These qualities are then discussed in the context of enhancing research methodology for design tool development.

Designing for inquiry‐based learning with the Learning Activity Management System

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between practitioners' pedagogical purposes, values and practices in designing for inquiry‐based learning in higher education, and the affordances of the Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) as a tool for creating learning designs in this context. Using a qualitative research methodology, variation was identified in participants' conceptions of inquiry‐based learning pedagogy and in their approaches to inquiry‐based learning design. LAMS was found to offer design affordances that are compatible with more strongly teacher‐led conceptions of, and approaches to, inquiry‐based learning pedagogy. The paper draws some implications for the further development and use of design tools for inquiry‐based learning. The authors suggest that, in addition to tools created for teachers, there may be a valuable role for tools that explicitly support students as designers of their own inquiry processes and activities.

Classification and Use of Design Tools: The Roles of Tools in the Architectural Design Process

The growing complexity and fragmentation of the architectural design process, largely due to stricter regulations, new technologies and increasing specialization, has led to an important rise in the number of design support tools available to designers today. These tools, ranging from simple checklists to complex simulation software, are intended to facilitate different aspects of the design process. While there are numerous studies available that provide a possible classification, most studies focus on specific design aspects, for instance sustainability or user-centered design; there is no general outline of tools available. However, researchers and design tool developers need this general information about the way designers incorporate tools into their design process, and about the kind of support designers need in the different stages of the design process, in order to improve available tools or to develop new tools. In this paper a classification is composed, based on a representative number of design tools, derived from literature. The proposed classification defines six types of design tools according to the role they play in the design process: knowledge – based tools, communication tools, modeling tools, presentation tools, structuring tools and evaluation & analysis tools. A tool can belong to one or more categories. These categories provide the framework for a survey. Aim of the survey is to gain insight into the use of these types of tools by Flemish designers in architectural practices, as well as the phase in the design process in which they are used or most needed. The collected data show the kind of support designers need in the different stages of the design process. This may help researchers and tool developers to develop design support tools accordingly, to maximize their usability.

A Methodology for Modeling the User Interfaces: An Integrated UML and PAC Model

Graphical user interface (GUI) has become the key element of modem information systems (ISs) and is commonly viewed as one of the decisive factors for the success of an IS project. To help develop effective GUIs, many tools have been introduced by software vendors to meet the needs of designing a variety of user interfaces. Such modem design tools offer system developer vehicles to create sophisticated GUI with a few codes. However, the complicity of many GUIs and the varying expectations among users, analysts and designers make the communication among them and the use of most prevailing design tools a real challenge. This paper presents a new modeling methodology, which refines the Presentation-Abstraction-Control (PAC) model and integrates it with the interface drawing, interface glossary, and Unified Modeling Language (UML). The methodology provides a seamless and graphical approach and specifications to help alleviate the problems caused by the mis-communication and the knowledge gaps existing among users, designers and developers. A real-world case using the integrated techniques is presented and a system is developed to illustrate the concepts, application, and the advantages of using the proposed methodology.