Use Of Data Products Research Articles

Internal Kinematics and Structure of the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6569 ∗ ∗ Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Cerro Paranal (Chile), in the context of the ESO-VLT Multi-Instrument Kinematic Survey (MIKiS survey) under Large Programmes 106.21N5 (PI: Ferraro), 195.D-0750 (PI: Ferraro), 193.D-0232 (PI: Ferraro). This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All

In the context of a project aimed at characterizing the properties of star clusters in the Galactic bulge, here we present the determination of the internal kinematics and structure of the massive globular cluster NGC 6569. The kinematics has been studied by means of an unprecedented spectroscopic data set acquired in the context of the ESO-VLT Multi-Instrument Kinematic Survey of Galactic globular clusters, combining the observations from four different spectrographs. We measured the line-of-sight velocity of a sample of almost 1300 stars distributed between ∼0.″8 and 770″ from the cluster center. From a subsample of high-quality measures, we determined the velocity dispersion profile of the system over its entire radial extension (from ∼5″ to ∼200″ from the center), finding the characteristic behavior usually observed in globular clusters, with a constant inner plateau and a declining trend at larger radii. The projected density profile of the cluster has been obtained from resolved star counts, by combining high-resolution photometric data in the center, and the Gaia EDR3 catalog radially extended out to for a proper sampling of the Galactic field background. The two profiles are properly reproduced by the same King model, from which we estimated updated values of the central velocity dispersion, main structural parameters (such as the King concentration, the core, half mass, and tidal radii), total mass, and relaxation times. Our analysis also reveals a hint of ordered rotation in an intermediate region of the cluster (40″ < r < 90″, corresponding to 2r c < r < 4.5r c ), but additional data are required to properly assess this possibility.

The case for information fiduciaries: The implementation of a data ethics checklist at Seattle Children's Hospital.

There is little debate about the importance of ethics in health care, and clearly defined rules, regulations, and oaths help ensure patients' trust in the care they receive. However, standards are not as well established for the data professions within health care, even though the responsibility to treat patients in an ethical way extends to the data collected about them. Increasingly, data scientists, analysts, and engineers are becoming fiduciarily responsible for patient safety, treatment, and outcomes, and will require training and tools to meet this responsibility. We developed a data ethics checklist that enables users to consider the possible ethical issues that arise from the development and use of data products. The combination of ethics training for data professionals, a data ethics checklist as part of project management, and a data ethics committee holds potential for providing a framework to initiate dialogues about data ethics and can serve as an ethical touchstone for rapid use within typical analytic workflows, and we recommend the use of this or equivalent tools in deploying new data products in hospitals.

Navigating Mental Models of Risk and Uncertainty within the Ocean Forecast System: An Oregon Case Study.

This case study explores how to add value to regional ocean condition forecast information by bringing awareness to the processes that govern decision-making and outcomes within the system. A modified mental models research approach is applied to examine differences and similarities in perceptions of risk and comfort with uncertainty between two interdependent communities, the ocean "data provider" and "end user," and how these perceptions impact accessibility and usefulness of data products. In this study, data providers are academic and agency scientists from institutions that provide ocean condition forecasts to public end users (n = 17). End users are members of the Oregon commercial-fishing community (n = 16). Comparisons reveal key differences and similarities related to the nature of each profession that impact perceptions of scale in time and space and reveal the ways that cumulative and intersecting risks and uncertainties act as key drivers in decision-making. Implications for expanding the current understanding of how ocean forecasts are produced and used include 1) highlighting the value of optimizing ocean forecast delivery tools based on end-user needs and information-seeking processes already in place, 2) identifying structural and cultural barriers within the data-provider network that prevent them from doing so, and 3) demonstrating the value of learning about both producers and users of scientific information and suggesting potential ways to structure cooperation and strengthen relationships between them by working toward a common desired outcome.

Spatial and kinematic structure of Monoceros star-forming region

We warmly thank to Richard Parker, paper's referee, by his kind and useful comments that helped to improve this paper. This work was funding by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2016-75931. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, the VizieR catalogue access tool and the Aladin sky atlas, developed at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Also, this research has made use of the WEBDA data base, operated at the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Vienna. This work makes use of EURO-VO software, tools, or services. The EURO-VO has been funded by the European Commission through contracts RI031675 (DCA) and 011892 (VO-TECH) under the 6th Framework Program and contracts 212104 (AIDA), 261541 (VO-ICE), 312559 (CoSADIE) under the 7th Framework Program. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Monitoring a local extreme weather event with the scope of hyperspectral sounding

Operational space-based hyperspectral Infrared sounders retrieve atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from the measured radiances. These sounders like Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer as well as INSAT-3D sounders on geostationary orbit have proved to be very successful in providing these retrievals on global and regional scales, respectively, with good enough spatio-temporal resolutions and are well competent with that of traditional profiles from radiosondes and models fields. The aim of this work is to show how these new generation hyperspectral Infrared sounders can benefit in real-time weather monitoring. We have considered a regional extreme weather event to demonstrate how the profiles retrieved from these operational sounders are consistent with the environmental conditions which have led to this severe weather event. This work has also made use of data products of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer as well as by radiative transfer simulation of clear and cloudy atmospheric conditions using Numerical Weather Prediction profiles in conjunction with INSAT-3D sounder. Our results indicate the potential use of high-quality hyperspectral atmospheric profiles to aid in delineation of real-time weather prediction.

Applications for ICESat-2 Data: From NASA's Early Adopter Program

NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission, scheduled to launch no later than April 2018 (and currently slated for October 2017), is being developed to continue the multiyear observations of the earth's surface elevation, ice, and clouds started by ICESat. To increase the use of the satellite data after launch, the ICESat-2 mission invested in an applications program aimed at innovatively applying the data in a variety of fields. The program provides a framework for building a broad and well-defined user community during the prelaunch period to maximize the use of data products after launch and to provide early insight into the range of potential uses of the mission data. Ideas and research on how altimetry data will be used for decision making arise from the end users; therefore, the ICESat-2 mission is extending itself through its applications program.

Apparent optical properties of the Canadian Beaufort Sea – Part 2: The 1% and 1 cm perspective in deriving and validating AOP data products

Abstract. A next-generation in-water profiler designed to measure the apparent optical properties (AOPs) of seawater was developed and validated across a wide dynamic range of in-water properties. The new free-falling instrument, the Compact-Optical Profiling System (C-OPS), was based on sensors built with a cluster of 19 state-of-the-art microradiometers spanning 320–780 nm and a novel kite-shaped backplane. The new backplane includes tunable ballast, a hydrobaric buoyancy chamber, plus pitch and roll adjustments, to provide unprecedented stability and vertical resolution in near-surface waters. A unique data set was collected as part of the development activity plus the first major field campaign that used the new instrument, the Malina expedition to the Beaufort Sea in the vicinity of the Mackenzie River outflow. The data were of sufficient resolution and quality to show that errors – more correctly, uncertainties – in the execution of data sampling protocols were measurable at the 1% and 1 cm level with C-OPS. A theoretical sensitivity analysis as a function of three water types established by the peak in the remote sensing reflectance spectrum, Rrs(λ), revealed which water types and which parts of the spectrum were the most sensitive to data acquisition uncertainties. Shallow riverine waters were the most sensitive water type, and the ultraviolet and near-infrared spectral end members, which are critical to next-generation satellite missions, were the most sensitive parts of the spectrum. The sensitivity analysis also showed how the use of data products based on band ratios significantly mitigated the influence of data acquisition uncertainties. The unprecedented vertical resolution provided high-quality data products, which supported an alternative classification capability based on the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd(λ). The Kd(320) and Kd(780) data showed how complex coastal systems can be distinguished two-dimensionally and how near-ice water masses are different from the neighboring open ocean. Finally, an algorithm for predicting the spectral absorption due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), denoted aCDOM(λ), was developed using the Kd(320) / Kd(780) ratio, which was based on a linear relationship with respect to aCDOM(440). The robustness of the approach was established by expanding the use of the algorithm to include a geographically different coastal environment, the Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, with no significant change in accuracy (approximately 98% of the variance explained). Alternative spectral end members reminiscent of next-generation (340 and 710 nm) as well as legacy satellite missions (412 and 670 nm) were also used to accurately derive aCDOM(440) from Kd(λ) ratios.

Evaluating the use of remote sensing data in the U.S. Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)'s Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) provides monitoring and early warning support to decision makers responsible for responding to food insecurity emergencies on three continents. FEWS NET uses satellite remote sensing and ground observations of rainfall and vegetation in order to provide information on drought, floods, and other extreme weather events to decision makers. Previous research has presented results from a professional review questionnaire with FEWS NET expert end-users whose focus was to elicit Earth observation requirements. The review provided FEWS NET operational requirements and assessed the usefulness of additional remote sensing data. We analyzed 1342 food security update reports from FEWS NET. The reports consider the biophysical, socioeconomic, and contextual influences on the food security in 17 countries in Africa from 2000 to 2009. The objective was to evaluate the use of remote sensing information in comparison with other important factors in the evaluation of food security crises. The results show that all 17 countries use rainfall information, agricultural production statistics, food prices, and food access parameters in their analysis of food security problems. The reports display large-scale patterns that are strongly related to history of the FEWS NET program in each country. We found that rainfall data were used 84% of the time, remote sensing of vegetation 28% of the time, and gridded crop models 10% of the time, reflecting the length of use of each product in the regions. More investment is needed in training personnel on remote sensing products to improve use of data products throughout the FEWS NET system.

Utility Cost Perspectives in Data Quality Management

The growing costs of managing data demand a closer examination of associated cost-benefit tradeoffs. As a step towards developing an economic perspective of data management, specifically data quality management, this study describes a value-driven model of data products and the processes that produce them. The contribution to benefit (utility) is associated with the use of data products and costs attributed to the different data processing stages. Utility/cost tradeoffs are thus linked to design and administrative decisions at the different processing stages. By modeling and quantifying the economic impact of these decisions, this study shows how economically superior data quality management policies may be developed. To illustrate it, the study uses the model to develop a data quality management policy for online error correction. The results indicate that decisions that consider economic tradeoffs can be very different compared with decisions that are driven by technical and functional requirements only.

ERRATUM: “MEETING THE COOL NEIGHBORS. X. ULTRACOOL DWARFS FROM THE 2MASS ALL-SKY DATA RELEASE” (2008, AJ, 136, 1290)

IOP Publishing sincerely regrets that an error was made in the acknowledgements section of this article. This has been amended in the online journal and the corrected text is reproduced below.The NStars research described in this paper was partially supported by a grant awarded as part of the NASA Space Interferometry Mission Science Program, administered by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena. Support for K.L.C. is provided by NASA through theSpitzer Space TelescopeFellowship Program, through a contract issued by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. P.R.A. acknowledges support from grant NAG5-11627 to Kevin Luhman from the NASA Long-Term Space Astrophysics program. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge use of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Source Archive (IRSA), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. We also acknowledge making extensive use of the SIMBAD database, maintained by Strasbourg Observatory, and of the ADS bibliographic service. This research has made extensive use of the M-, L-, and T-dwarf compendium housed at DwarfArchives.org and maintained by Chris Gelino, Davy Kirkpatrick, and Adam Burgasser. This program has also profited from extensive allocations of telescope time at both Kitt Peak Observatory and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). We thank the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) Telescope Allocation Committees for their support of this project and acknowledge the courteous and efficient assistance of the technical support staff: John Glaspey, Darryl Willmarth, Diane Harmer, Bill Gillespie, Hillary Mathis, and Hal Halbedel at KPNO, and Alberto Alvarez, Angel Guerra, and Patricio Ugarte at CTIO.We apologize to the authors of the article and to readers of the journal for this unfortunate error.

Red Supergiants in the Disk of M81: Tracing the Spatial Distribution of Star Formation 25 Myr in the Past11This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of Technology, funded by the National

ABSTRACTNear‐infrared images obtained with the CFHTIR imager on the Canada‐France‐Hawaii Telescope are used to investigate the brightest red stars in the disk of the nearby spiral galaxy M81. Red supergiants (RSGs) form a well‐defined sequence on the color‐magnitude diagrams that peaks near MK = -11.5; RSGs with this peak brightness are seen throughout all fields that were studied, indicating that star formation occurred over a large part of the M81 disk only ∼10 Myr in the past. The number of RSGs per unit integrated K‐band light is compared at various locations in the disk. The number density of bright RSGs is similar in three of four fields, indicating that the bright RSGs tend to be well mixed with the older stellar populations that dominate the integrated light in the K band. However, the density of bright RSGs in a northern disk field is ∼2 times higher than average, suggesting that the star formation rate (SFR) in this part of the disk was higher than average 10–25 Myr in the past. The northern disk field contains areas of ongoing star formation, and it is suggested that this is a region of prolonged star‐forming activity. The number density of RSGs that formed during the past 10–25 Myr at galactocentric distances between ∼4 and 7 kpc is also comparable to that which formed between ∼7 and 10 kpc. We conclude that star‐forming activity in M81 during the past 10–25 Myr was (1) distributed over a larger fraction of the disk than it is at the present day, and (2) was not restricted to a given radial interval, but was distributed in a manner that closely followed the stellar mass profile. Star counts indicate that the mean SFR of M81 between 10 and 25 Myr in the past was ∼0.1 M⊙ yr−1, which is not greatly different from the present‐day SFR estimated from Hα and far‐UV emission.

Homogeneous Photometry. V. The Globular Cluster NGC 41471,1Based in part on archival observations made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla and Paranal Observatory under program ID 60.A‐9050(A). 22This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute

ABSTRACTNew BVRI broadband photometry and astrometry are presented for the globular cluster NGC 4147, based upon measurements derived from 524 ground‐based CCD images mostly either donated by colleagues or retrieved from public archives. We have also reanalyzed five exposures of the cluster obtained with WFPC2 on the Hubble Space Telescope in the F439W and F555W (B and V) filters. We present calibrated color‐magnitude and color‐color diagrams. Analysis of the color‐magnitude diagram reveals morphological properties generally consistent with published metal‐abundance estimates for the cluster, and an age typical of other Galactic globular clusters of similar metallicity. We have also redetermined the periods and mean magnitudes for the RR Lyrae variables, including a new c‐type variable reported here for the first time. Our data do not show clear evidence for photometric variability in candidate V18, recently reported by Arellano Ferro et al. (2004, Rev. Mex. A&A, 40, 209). These observations also support the nonvariable status of candidates V5, V9, and V15. The union of our light‐curve data with those of Newburn (, AJ, 62, 197), Mannino (, Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, 28, 285), and Arellano Ferro et al. (op. cit.) permits the derivation of significantly improved periods. The mean periods and the Bailey period‐amplitude diagrams support the classification of the cluster as Oosterhoff I, despite its predominantly blue horizontal branch. The number ratio of c‐ to ab‐type RR Lyrae stars, on the other hand, is unusually high for an Oosterhoff I cluster. The calibrated results have been made available through the first author’s Web site.