Cosmetic Use Research Articles

The use of cosmetics, personal care and cleaning products during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

The use of cosmetics, personal care and cleaning products during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study

Facial disbiosis and UV filters.

Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory disease with a robust microbial component and numerous correlations with dysbiosis states. Furthermore, various factors are recognized as triggers for skin dysbiosis, including the use of certain cosmetics. Based on these arguments, we hypothesized that using photoprotective formulations could trigger dysbiosis and the occurrence of acne manifestations. To verify this assumption, six volunteers between 19 and 23 years of age, meeting all the inclusion criteria, received two applications a day of a non-commercial sunscreen formulation developed with the sun filters ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, methyl anthranilate, and octocrylene dispersed in a base gel, with an estimated protection factor of 28.8. The pure base gel was used as a control. The samples were applied to an area delimited by a standard template (15 cm2) in an amount corresponding to 30mg (2mg cm2) for ten days. At two points in time, pre- and post-sample applications, the facial skin surface was swabbed to collect extracted DNA and processed to verify divergent degrees of 16S RNA coding sequences. The data obtained allowed us to determine the abundance of different bacterial entities at the genus and species levels. The results showed that critical species of the acne process, such as Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, seem to tolerate the evaluated formulation well and are not significantly affected by the formulation, suggesting no interference of its use concerning dysbiosis induction. These findings refute the idea that photoprotectors may cause skin dysbiosis in men.

Potential of silk proteins in cosmetics

Synthetic and inorganic chemical ingredients in cosmetic products pose serious health impacts on skin and hair. Much emphasis has been laid on the development of cost-effective, eco-friendly and user-friendly cosmetic products from time to time. Manufacturing cosmetics using natural ingredients is considered as a viable alternative to overcome the side effects of synthetics. Silk is a natural biopolymer obtained from cocoons of sericigenous insects like silkworms. It constitutes two proteins, viz., fibroin and sericin. Fibroin is the central core protein glued with sericin protein forming silken cocoons together. Both the proteins possess remarkable attributes viz, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-tyrosinase activity, efficient UV resistance, kinase activity, excellent release and absorption of moisture. The silk protein attributes are advantageous for body skin, hair and nails. It possesses a wide range of cosmetic applications such as facilitation of hair growth, improvement in softening and lustre of hair, rejuvenation of body and skin cells, UVB protection, prevention of chapping and brittleness of nails, and skin brightening. Due to its low molecular weight, easily penetrates the hair strands and skin cells, binds the keratin in hair and forms a protective layer to prevent moisture loss. A wide range of products have been developed for use in cosmetics viz., SILKPRO, SILKALL, SILKPRO 1000. These products are used as natural ingredients due to their potent applications in cosmetics. The cosmetic industry can be developed by proper utilization of silk in its organic products while promoting value addition to sericulture industry.

Scope of Ayurvedic Nasal Instillation Therapy (Nasya Karma) in Cosmetology: A Review

Cosmetics has become an important & influential part of human’s daily life in today’s world due to one’s tendency for self-care & regard as it boost their confidence and self-esteem. The increase in daily use of these various cosmetics has also garnered a lot of increased demand in pharmaceutical industry; resulting into various harmful & chemical drug practices for monetary gain also leading to lots of side effects of such cosmetics on human skin. The beauty ailments that commonly affect people are hair fall, greying of hairs, dandruff, acne, melasma, minor skin and oral disorders. These problems are not only difficult to treat but also requires a lot of expenses too. Ayurveda has mentioned various methods to tackle these problems as Ayurvedic scholars has put heavy weightage on importance of beauty; external as well as internal in both male and female and has described treatments for these ailments in ancient texts such as Nasya Karma [Ayurvedic Nasal Instillation Therapy]. Nasya is one of famous Panchakarma procedure used for management of above mention cosmetic ailments. It is a procedure in which herbal drug [oil/decoction/extract/powder] is instilled through nasal route and is highly appreciated for its therapeutic value in diseases related to Urdhava-Jatrugata [above clavicle region]. In this article, we have discussed various types and probable action of Nasya Karma [Ayurvedic Nasal Instillation Therapy] in these disorders and how this single Ayurvedic procedure can be a one stop solution for multiple beauty ailment and can be helpful in reaching the goal of enhancement of beauty with assurance of safety and prevention from any harmful effect.

Halobacteria Formula Improvement of Skin Care-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.

Halobacteria trueperi, an extremophilic microorganism thriving in high-salt environments, produces extracellular polysaccharides with potential anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. However, its clinical efficacy in skin improvement remains unclear. This study focuses on H. trueperi TCI66207, isolated from the Pacific Ocean at a depth of 662 m near Hualien, and its potential to enhance skin parameters, aiming to develop a novel functional formulation for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. This sudy aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of H. trueperi TCI66207 on various skin parameters and its potential for developing new functional cosmetic formulations. A total of 40 subjects were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: the test group applied a serum containing H. trueperi TCI66207, while the placebo group used a basic serum. Subjects were instructed to apply the serum twice daily for 4 weeks. Skin parameters, including moisture, brightness, elasticity, pigmentation (spots and UV spots), texture, wrinkles, pores, and collagen density, were assessed before and after the 4-week application period. After 4 weeks of using the H. trueperi TCI66207 serum, significant improvements were observed in all measured skin parameters compared to baseline, with notable enhancements in moisture, brightness, elasticity, texture, and collagen density, along with reductions in wrinkles, spots, and pore size. Halobacteria trueperi TCI66207 serum demonstrates a clear ability to improve skin conditions and delay signs of aging, making it a promising candidate for the development of new cosmetic formulations with potent anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties.

INTERCORRÊNCIAS NO USO ESTÉTICO DA TOXINA BOTULÍNICA FACIAL

Botulinum toxin, the causal agent of botulism, is the fermentation product of the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum. Toxins exist in 8 types, although in Brazil, only type A has ANVISA approval for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. Due to its versatility and specific mechanism of action, it has become a great option for both therapeutic and cosmetic use worldwide, given the great potential in relation to its minimally invasive technique. Botulinum toxin injections treat aesthetic problems induced or aggravated by muscle contraction, controlling local neurotransmission. However, there are some risks and possible complications arising from its use. The present study, carried out in the form of a narrative review, aimed to describe the possible complications arising from the therapeutic and cosmetic use of the toxin for facial rejuvenation. To this end, studies published in the last 10 years were selected, retrieved from the Google Scholar and CAPES databases that addressed the topic. In addition to complications at the injection site, such as erythema, edema, pain, ptosis of the eyelid or eyebrow and ecchymosis, there is a group of aesthetic and functional adverse effects associated with different muscular responses to botulinum toxin or its migration. These complications occur less frequently than injection-associated reactions, but their risks and consequences are potentially greater. There are no reports of serious or fatal complications resulting from the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin. Complications depend on the technique used, so it is important to have adequate knowledge and training on the application technique.

Formulation & Evaluation of Hair Growth Serum from Hibiscus Flowers and Leaves

The need for cosmetics is very high in this fast-paced environment. The pharmaceutical industry's use of cosmetics is growing daily. We use cosmetics on a daily basis. Cosmetics are meant to be used on teeth, nails, hair, and skincare. Note that toothpastes, hair oils, and hair dyes are all considered cosmetics that are used by everyone on a daily basis. Because using synthetic or chemical products might have unfavorable side effects, individuals are increasingly gravitating toward organic, natural, and herbal formulations that have negligible or no side effects. Herbal remedies are typically recognized for having "No side effect." People deal with a variety of issues, including premature greying of the hair, split ends, dandruff, hair thinning, and excessive sebum production. People are therefore searching for strategies to improve hair growth, prevention, and maintenance. The present investigation focuses at the preparation and evaluation of a herbal hair growth serum made with a combination of natural substances, including olive oil, peppermint oil, vitamin E, hibiscus flowers and leaves, Amla Powder, and curry leaves. The purpose of the serum is to improve scalp health, strengthen hair follicles, and promote hair growth. Hibiscus flowers and leaves are used to extract bioactive chemicals, which are then infused with curry leaves and Amla powder in olive oil. For added advantages, vitamin E and lavender oil are added. Hibiscus flowers are rich in amino acid, which is prime building block of keratin. The leaves also reduce the growth of dandruff-causing fungi, reduce dandruff flakes and prevent its recurrence. Amla Powder has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce dandruff. Curry leaves are rich in antioxidants and proteins, these antioxidants neutralize the free radicals and keep hair healthy and strong. Coconut oil absorbs into your hair quickly, providing moisture to tame frizz and heal breakage. The effectiveness of the serum is assessed in the study using variables including hair growth rate, thickness, strength, scalp health, and general health of the hair. Preliminary findings point to encouraging results in terms of strengthening hair growth and enhancing hair quality.

Cosmetics and skincare routine in acne prone skin

The growing awareness and indulgence of the general population into cosmetics make it essential for us, as dermatologists, to know when to avoid or consume them in the management of acne. This review, therefore, deals into specifics of cosmetics, acne cosmetica and recommendations on use of cosmetics in an acne prone skin.

The Risk of Using Cosmetics and Cosmetic Procedures During Pregnancy

This review aimed to identify the risks of cosmetics during the sensitive period of pregnancy. Pregnancy causes many hormonal changes and skin issues, such as red stretch marks, cellulite, and more. These aesthetic concerns can impact both the appearance and health of the pregnant woman. Cosmetics and aesthetic treatments can help improve these problems and positively affect the mental well-being of these women. However, the lack of clinical trials regarding the safety of such treatments during pregnancy has led to the recommendation of only the mildest aesthetic applications. Additionally, professional aestheticians and dermatologists who provide cosmetics and other aesthetic treatments (e.g., laser, radiofrequency (RF), ultrasound) during pregnancy face challenging and sometimes adverse working conditions. They should be treated with respect for their situation, with careful consideration of all the peculiarities associated with pregnancy. Further research and additional recorded data are crucial for better understanding the use of cosmetics and aesthetic treatments during pregnancy.

Association of Dairy Foods in Acne Vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the most commonly found skin problems affecting teenagers and adolescents. Dietary foods particularly dairy products consist of milk or any of its food made from milk are frequently regarded by patients and clinicians as a cause or aggravator of acne. As there are very limited studies found on this regard, this study was aimed to find the association of dairy foods in acne vulgaris. Methods: This wasa cross-sectional analytical study and was carried out in the Dermatology and Venereology department of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital. Total 260 patients were selected by appropriate inclusion criteria equally into two groups: Group A (diagnosed with acne vulgaris, n=130) and group B (patients not having acne vulgaris, n=130). A thorough history of every patient and face to face interview was taken by a predesigned questionnaire after getting the written informed consent of the patient. Data were collected in predetermined data collection form. Result were subjected to standard statistical evaluation and were analyzed by SPSS-24. Results: According to the age group, majority of the acne patients were between 10-20 years (75.4% in group A and 63.8% in group B, p<0.05), though mean age in both groups were statistically similar (18.53±5.78 and 17.29±4.59 years, respectively). Also, female respondents were predominant in both groups (80.8% and 72.3%). The risk was increased in those with a family history of acne in siblings (OR2.449, p=0.021;95% CI,1.145-5.238) and the risk was reduced in subjects doing physical exercise. Papules (35.4%) and comedones (27.7%) were most common lesion and mostly found in forehead (74.6%) and left (68.5%) and right (63.1%) cheeks. According to global acne severity grading, majority had mild form of acne (83.1%) and use of cosmetics (43.8% vs. 30%), topical steroid (34.6% vs. 16.9%), taking fastfood (24.6% vs. 14.6%) and less water intake (36.9% vs. 18.5%) also significantly higher among acne patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed, dairy products such as whole milk (OR 1.984, p=0.022), chocolate (2.490, p=0.004), chips (OR 3.207, p<0.001), Pizza (OR 2.388, p=0.021) and red meat (OR 3.055, p=0.009) were significant risk for developing acne vulgaris. Also, whole milk (3.050, p=0.01), chocolate (3.817, p=0.004) and pizza (3.822, p=0.005) were independent risk factors for moderate to severe acne. Conclusion: This study found an association between high dairy product consumption and acne in adolescents, indicating that dairy consumption may be a contributing factor for developing acne vulgaris. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2022; 14(2): 25-33

Use of facial cosmetics and their effects on skin among female students of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

Cosmetics are used for cleansing, beautifying, enhancing attractiveness, or altering appearance and commonly applied by young women. This study examined the use and effects of cosmetics on the skin of female students at Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. A sample of 360 students from five faculties were randomly selected. Data on age, purpose, type, frequency of use, and effects of cosmetic products were collected. The age groups were divided into younger (18-25 years) and older (25+ years). Pearson’s Chi-square test assessed associations between age, ethnicity, and cosmetic use. The study found that facial creams (83.1%), lipstick (52.2%), eyeliners (54.7%), mascara (33.1%), eyelashes (12.5%), eyeshadow (16.1%), and foundation (15.6%) were the most commonly used cosmetics. Usage was mostly occasional (63%) or daily (37%), with 88% preferring daytime application. Significant associations were found between age and usage purpose (p=0.043), and between ethnicity and choice of cosmetics (p=0.030). Reported side effects included acne (23.3%), bleaching (25.7%), pigmentation (12.2%), rashes/itching (13.9%), irritation (5.2%), skin hardening (4.5%), and other complications (15.3%). Eye-related issues included redness (52.2%), itching (20.2%), soreness (15.4%), puffiness (3.5%), and miscellaneous problems (8.8%). Lip problems were primarily cracking (70.8%), swelling (16.9%), and bumps (12.3%). In conclusion, the use of facial cosmetics is prevalent among students, mainly for occasional use and primarily during the day. The purpose of cosmetic use varies with age and ethnicity. The most common side effects are skin pigmentation, eye redness, and swollen lips.

Unlocking the Potential of Origanum grosii Essential Oils: A Deep Dive into Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anti-Enzymatic Properties within Silico Insights.

The current study's goals were to thoroughly characterize the volatile compounds from Origanum grosii's aerial parts and assess their potential as antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors both in vitro and in silico. The volatile substances in essential oils were identified using GC-MS analysis. Indeed, Origanum grosii essential oil (OGEO) contained carvacrol (15.59%), prehnitol (14.83%), β-Terpinene (13.56%), and thymol (10.36%). The antioxidant potential was assessed using three different assays. Remarkably, OGEO exhibited important antioxidant activity; the IC50 values found were 55.40 ± 2.23, 81.65 ± 3.26, and 98.04 ± 3.87 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively.The inhibitory effect of essential oils has been studied against enzymes involved in the appearance of human pathologies, including α-glucosidase, α-amylase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase. In silico, the main compounds in this essential oil demonstrated high binding energies during their associations with the enzymes tested. To sum up, OGEO possesses the ability to function as a natural agent, offering promising qualities suitable for use in food, medicine, and cosmetics.

Azelaic Acid: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications.

AZA is a non-phenolic, saturated dicarboxylic acid with nine carbon atoms, naturally produced by the yeast Malassezia. It has diverse physiological activities, including antibacterial, anti-keratinizing, antimelanogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. AZA is widely used in dermatology and is FDA-approved for treating papulopustular rosacea. It also shows significant efficacy in acne vulgaris and melasma. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of AZA, aiming to provide theoretical support for its clinical and cosmetic use and to facilitate further research.

In vitro pharmacologic profiling aids systemic toxicity assessment of chemicals

An adapted in vitro pharmacology profiling panel (APPP) was developed that included targets used in the pharmaceutical industry alongside additional targets whose cellular functions have been linked to systemic toxicities. This panel of 83 target assays was used to profile the activities of 129 cosmetic relevant chemicals with diverse chemical structures, physiochemical properties and cosmetic use types. Internal data consistency was proved robust, as evidenced by the reproducibility between single concentration and concentration-response data and showed good concordance with data reported in the ToxCast and drug excipient datasets. We discuss how the data can be analyzed and multiple potential contexts of use illustrated by case studies, alongside other new approach methodologies, to support cosmetic chemical risk assessments that do not require data from new animal studies.

The assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration of Botulinum toxin on Staphylococcal bacteria isolated from Acne vulgaris and validating its impact through Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis

Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammation of pilosebaceous unit which commonly occurs in adolescence. Staphylococcus aureus is also involved in AV pathogenesis. This study included isolating and diagnosing 35 samples of bacteria isolated from acne by the aerobic method and dividing them according to their sensitivity to methicillin,10 samples were used in determining the extent of the effect of different concentrations of Botulinum toxin on bacteria using PCR technology. The results obtained 2.5mg/ml as the MIC for the bactria. Botox treatment at 2.5mg/ml demonstrated molecular effects, causing a lack of PCR binding in selected samples. This suggests a potential disruption in gene transcription or DNA degradation, aligning with international studies showcasing Botox's molecular impact on acne-related Staphylococcus aureus, supporting its role in combination therapy for bacterial control. Botox, renowned for cosmetic use, is also under investigation for medical applications like treating acne. Research suggests that Botox may reduce acne by minimizing sebum production and inhibiting bacteria associated with acne, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. Global studies support these findings, revealing potential applications beyond cosmetics, expanding into acne treatment.

Risk factors and severity of melasma in patients attending dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.

Melasma is a chronic acquired dysfunction of melanogenesis characterized by dark brown irregular macules on skin. Genetic predisposition, pregnancy, sun exposure, and hormonal therapy are common risk factors. Prevalence of melasma is variable, ranging from 5% to 46%. This study aimed to assess the severity and potential risk factors of melasma in a tertiary care setting. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with melasma visiting dermatology department of a tertiary care center in Nepal. Nonprobability consecutive sampling was adopted. Severity of melasma was assessed using the Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index score. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version-23. Bivariate analysis was done by using Student t test/Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi-square/Fischer exact test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The overall median Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index score was 5.40 (3.60-6.75). Most patients (168, 88.42%) had mild melasma. The severity score was significantly higher in older age (P = .024), women having parity more than 3 (P = .014), centrofacial pattern (P = .024), and patients having dermatological comorbidities (P = .014). Severity was significantly lower in those who used cosmetics at home. Moreover, the use of digital screens was not associated with an increase in melasma severity. Most of the cases had mild melasma. Severity was significantly associated with age, parity, pattern, practice of cosmetic use, and presence of dermatological comorbidities.

Men’s use of cosmetic surgery and the role of traditional masculinity ideologies

In western countries, men are increasingly using cosmetic surgery. However, despite this trend, there remains a dearth of information on the prevalence, acceptance, and motivations behind men’s use of cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, the potential association between men’s use of cosmetic surgery and in particular male-specific cosmetic surgery procedures such as head hair transplant or penis enlargement and traditional masculinity ideologies (TMI) has not been investigated so far. For this purpose, a cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted among 241 self-identifying men aged 18 years or older from the German-speaking part of Europe. Participants responded to questions about cosmetic surgery use and experiences, and completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory—Short Form (CMNI-SF) and the Male Role Norms Inventory—Short Form (MRNI-SF) questionnaires to assess conformity with and endorsement of TMI. Of the 241 men investigated, 47 (19.5%) had undergone cosmetic surgery. The most common types of cosmetic surgeries reported were wrinkle treatment, eyelid correction, and head-hair transplant. Penis enlargement procedures were reported by three (6.4%) of the 47 men who had undergone cosmetic surgery. The main reasons for undergoing surgery were to feel better (72.3%) and look better (55.3%), while to increase sexual success (17.0%) and to increase manliness (14.9%) were also reported. Logistic regression models showed that higher conformity to TMI (CMNI-SF) was associated with higher odds of having undergone cosmetic surgery. The results highlight the overall increase in men’s cosmetic surgery use and its specific characteristics. The significant positive association between conformity to TMI and men’s use of cosmetic surgery suggests that men increasingly use cosmetic surgery as a means to assert power, success, dominance, and sexual success.

Fabrication of multifunctional hybrid pigment for color cosmetics based on chitosan-modified palygorskite and sappanwood extract

Consumer perception and market demand have driven the replacement of synthetic colorants with naturally derived alternatives in the cosmetic industry. This study describes a facile way to prepare durable inorganic-organic hybrid pigment with advanced biocompatibility, antibacterial and hydrophobic properties tailored for color cosmetics by initial modification of palygorskite with chitosan to anchor sappanwood dye extract and subsequently coating with amino-modified silicone oil (ASO). The hybrid pigments were characterized by transmittance electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The results indicated that the sappanwood dye was loaded on chitosan-modified palygorskite via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, the chitosan-palygorskite/sappanwood hybrid pigment exhibited enhanced biocompatibility and color stability on exposure to different heating temperatures and UVA radiation after subsequent hydrophobic modification with amino-modified silicone oil. Moreover, facial foundation cosmetics based on the chitosan-palygorskite/sappanwood@ASO composites exhibited excellent brightening and skin color corrective effect on human volunteers without any adverse response. And no significant difference was observed in 12 out of 14 sensory evaluation indexes in the comparison of this hybrid pigment-based makeup with two commercially available products. This study provides a new route to stabilize natural botanical colorant for cosmetic use by chitosan-modified clay minerals.

P19-63 Use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to assess the safety of prostaglandins for use in cosmetics

P19-63 Use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to assess the safety of prostaglandins for use in cosmetics

Skin Delivery and Innovative Carrier’s Effectiveness

The skin serves as the body first protecting barrier against the external attacks of chemicals and microorganisms. On the other hand, it is an obstacle to penetration and transdermal delivery of any substance applied on its surface. Thus, a need to report some news on the skin composition for a better understanding of the transdermal delivery mechanisms of topical products applied on its surface. Therefore, due to the actual increased use of topical drugs, cosmetics, and diet supplement treatments, further feasibility research studies have been carried out to extend the knowledge of the percutaneous absorption ‘rules and means. These studies are retained necessary to control the release through the skin layers of various selected active ingredients, loaded and carried out by different vehicles. The paper will focus on the effectiveness of innovative tissue carriers that, are able to deliver active ingredients throughout the skin layers, are made by a very low consumption of water, and are free of chemicals also. In conclusion, these novel eco-sustainable carriers, resulting skin- and environmentally friendly, might be used as innovative vehicles in substitution of the normal emulsions that, made by the use of preservatives, emulsifiers, fragrances, and other chemicals may often cause allergic and/or sensitization phenomena, consuming a great quantity of water also.