Use Of Contact Lenses Research Articles

Correlation between Use of Contact Lens Cleaning Liquid and Subjective Complaints of the Eyes of Contact Lens Users

The correlation between the use of contact lens cleaning solutions with subjective complaints of the contact lens users in the medical student Batch 2018 Christian University of Indonesia. The research aims to determine the correlation between duration of use, knowledge, and obedience to contact lens cleaning solutions with subjective complaints of contact lens users. Samples were taken from 40 students of contact lens users by filling out a questionnaire containing duration of use, knowledge, and obedience use of contact lens cleaning solution. The result of the study is that the correlation between the duration of use of contact lens cleaning solution and knowledge of use of contact lens cleaning solution with subjective complaints of the contact lens users is not significant. The correlation between obedience use of contact lens cleaning solutions with subjective complaints of contact lens users is significant.

PREVALENSI PENDERITA MYOPIA YANG DIREHABILITASI DENGAN LENSA KONTAK LUNAK DI OPTIK KARTIKA JAYA

This study aims to determine the description of the wearer of spherical soft contact lenses as a tool to rehabilitate the visual acuity of patients with myopia refractive error at Kartika Jaya optics Bekasi. The population in this study were all patients with refractive errors who used a soft contact lens vision rehabilitation tool. This type of research is descriptive analytic with a design description of the use of spherical soft contact lenses. The sampling system used in this study is a document research method from the same source, namely all customers who were examined at Kartika Jaya optics. Analysis of hypothesis testing using SPSS version 24, which resulted in: the rehabilitation of visual acuity of patients with refractive errors of myopia using colorless spherical soft contact lenses was quite significant and the use of colored soft toric contact lenses was not significant.

Pentingnya Pengetahuan Perawatan Lensa Kontak Lunak Bagi Pemakai Di Optik Citra Padang

This scientific paper discusses the importance of soft contact lens care knowledge for users in Padang Citra Optics. This study aims to determine: Knowledge, care for users, the use , the impact of wearing and maintaining soft contact and also handling of the use and maintenance of soft contact lenses at Optik Citra Padang. This research design uses descriptive quantitative method. The population in this study was all patients wearing soft contact lenses at Optik Citra Padang in the period 15 July 2021-15 August 2021. Data were collected through questionnaires and research instruments using a Check List. The results showed that the respondents did not fully know the proper and correct care of soft contact lenses, this was seen as many as 24 respondents (53%) knew the correct soft contact lens care procedure and as many as 21 respondents (47%) did not know the treatment procedures. correct soft contact lenses, 21 respondents (47%) understand how to properly put on and remove soft contact lenses and 24 respondents (53%) do not understand how to properly install soft contact lenses, 20 respondents (44.40%) know about the impact of wearing and maintaining soft contact lenses that are not up to standard and as many as 25 respondents (55.60) do not know about the impact of wearing and maintaining soft contact lenses that are not up to standard, 14 respondents (31%) know how to handle the use and care of soft contact lenses and 31 respondents (69%) do not know how to handle from wearing soft contact lenses. There are several suggestionsFor RO to provide information to, For opticians, it is recommended to improve the quality of eye health services to the public, for academies, it is recommended to improve the quality of education. (4) For the public, it is recommended that when wearing and caring for contact lenses, more attention should be paid to use and care for them properly so as not to cause an impact on eye health.

Good Outcome of Corneal Ulcer With Hypopion After Long Use of Contact Lens

Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a corneal infection caused by microorganisms and is characterized by a profound corneal epithelial defect that infects the cornea and causes severe and progressive visual loss. In recent years, the incidence of microbial keratitis has increased. One of the critical risk factors for increasing this incidence is using contact lenses. As the number of contact lens users increases, the number of corneal ulcers associated with contact lenses also increases. Case Presentation: A 25-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a complaint of gradually blurry vision in his left eye four days after using contact lenses for overnight uses since the previous few days and did not routinely clean contact lenses or replace contact lens cleaning fluid. The visual acuity of the patient's left eye was hand movement with conjunctival and pericorneal injection in the conjunctiva and 6 x 7 mm stromal level infiltrate, blurred margin, and whitish color in the center of the cornea. After 28 days of treatment, an examination showed the patient's left eye improvement. Visual acuity was 3/60, conjunctival injection disappeared, corneal swelling significantly resolved, hypopyon disappeared, and ulcer completely re-epithelialized. Conclusions: Empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and other adjunctive therapy has a good outcome in treating contact lens-related corneal ulcers.

Clinical Characterization and Outcomes of Culture- and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Negative Cases of Infectious Keratitis.

To examine the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative cases of infectious keratitis. In this retrospective case series, we evaluated the laboratory and medical records of culture- and PCR-negative cases (2016-2020) reported to a tertiary care center, which were presumed to be infectious keratitis on the basis of clinical history and presentation. A total of 121 cases with culture-negative keratitis were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 48.42 ± 1.89 years, and 53.72% were female. At presentation, the presumed etiology was viral in 38.01%, bacterial in 27.27%, fungal in 8.26%, Acanthamoeba in 6.61%, and unlisted in 28.92% of cases. The most common risk factors were a previous history of ocular surface diseases (96.69%) and contact lens use (37.19%). In total, 61.98% of the patients were already on antimicrobial medication at presentation. The initial management was altered in 79 cases (65.29%) during the treatment course. Average presenting and final (post-treatment) visual acuities (VA) were 0.98 ± 0.04 (LogMAR) and 0.42 ± 0.03 (LogMAR), respectively. A significantly higher frequency of patients with a final VA worse than 20/40 (Snellen) had worse VA at initial presentation (p < 0.0001). A history of ocular surface disease, cold sores, and recurrent infection (p < 0.05) were more commonly associated with a presumed diagnosis of viral keratitis. The patients with presumed bacterial etiology were younger and had a history of poor contact lens hygiene (p < 0.05). We observed a distinct difference in clinical features among patients with culture-negative and PCR-negative keratitis managed for presumed viral and bacterial infections. Although there was significant variability in presentation and management duration in this cohort, the visual outcomes were generally favorable.

Risk factors of digital eye strain among computer users at Al-Baha University

Background: Digital eye strain (DES) affects an estimated 60 million people worldwide, with a higher prevalence among populations that are occupationally reliant on digital display devices.Aim: This study investigated risk factors of DES and ergonomic practices among computer users at Al-Baha University.Setting: The study was conducted among computer users at Al-Baha University.Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires.Results: A total of 360 computer users participated (mean age: 36.33 years, standard deviation [s.d.]: 7.08). The lifetime and daily computer usage were 8.38 (s.d.: = 1.04) years and 4.37 (s.d.: = 2.07) hours, respectively, with 30% of respondents having used computers for more than 10 years. The baseline total eye complaints score was either mild or moderate for 64.7% and severe for 35% of the sample. The total workstation design score was poor for 47.1% and fair for 35.5% of the sample. The regression analysis of potential DES risk factors found statistically significant coefficients for the duration of daily computer use, use of contact lenses, poor ergonomic practices, poor workstation design and use of non-prescription spectacles.Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for learning institutions and public health policy makers to not only raise awareness about digital eye strain but also impose time restrictions and breaks on digital-based activities and generally improve workstation design and ergonomic conditions.Contribution: This study offers a basis for targeted interventions to prevent and manage DES, particularly within learning settings.

Clinical comparative analysis of bacterial keratitis according to contact lens use: a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center of South Korea.

To compare the clinical aspects and treatment outcomes of contact lens-related bacterial keratitis (CLBK) and non-CLBK patients. Altogether 217 patients of bacterial keratitis (CLBK; 62, non-CLBK; 155) hospitalized between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed for epidemiology, microbiological profiles, predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes. Poor treatment outcomes (PTO) were defined as a final BCVA < 0.3 (Snellen), a decreased visual acuity after treatment, complications, or surgical intervention. Relative importance of the initial clinical features leading to PTO was assessed using the random forest model and two-proportion Z-test. The most common predisposing factors were sleeping with wearing CL (51.6%) in the CLBK group and trauma (55.5%) in the non-CLBK group. There were significant differences between the two groups in mean age (35.1:55.1years, p < 0.001), female sex (56.5:34.8%, p = 0.003), symptom duration (6.2:6.9days, p = 0.019), gram-negative organisms (83.3:48.3%, p = 0.008), epithelial healing time (8.5:14.1days, p = 0.004), final BCVA (0.15:0.46 logMAR, p = 0.015), and PTO (9.7:21.9%, p = 0.035). For the entire group, the initial BCVA < 0.1 (27.9%), symptom duration ≥ 5days (19.4%), age ≥ 60years (16.4%), and hypopyon (14.0%) were important initial clinical features leading to PTO in the random forest model. In CLBK group, the type of CL or CL-related history was not significantly related to PTO. CLBK patients had a higher proportion of females, younger age, gram-negative bacteria, and better treatment outcomes than those of non-CLBK patients. There were no significant risk factors leading to PTO in either the type of CL or CL-related history.

Nutrient Supplementation Improves Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Cell Damage Based on a SIRC Cellular Model.

The long-term use of contact lenses may damage the structure of the ocular surface and cause metabolic disorders in corneal cells. Vitamins and amino acids help maintain the physiological function of the eye. In the present study, the effects of nutrient (vitamin and amino acid) supplementation on corneal cell repair after contact lens-induced damage was investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the nutrient contents of minimum essential medium, and the MTT assay was used to measure the viability of corneal cells. A Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea cellular model was established to simulate contact lens-induced keratopathy and investigate the effects of vitamin and amino acid supplementations on corneal cell repair. The high water content lens group (78%) has a cell viability as high as 83.3%, whereas the cell viability of the low water content lens group (38%) is only 51.6%. The 32.0% difference between the two groups confirms the correlation between water content of lens and corneal viability. Vitamin B2, vitamin B12, asparagine, and taurine supplementation may help improve contact lens-induced damage.

Lenstar LS900 vs EchoScan US-800: comparison between optical and ultrasound biometry with and without contact lenses and its relationship with other biometric parameters

ABSTRACT Background Due to the increasing use of contact lenses (CL) and the interest in ocular and body size relationships, this study aimed to compare measurements from two biometers (contact ultrasonic EchoScan US-800 and non-contact optical Lenstar LS900) with and without CL and to explore the relationship between ocular and body biometric parameters. Design and Methods This cross-sectional study measured ocular biometry using two biometers along with their body height and right foot length in 50 participants. Differences between biometry data from the two devices were compared and correlations between ocular and body biometric values were analyzed. Results All parameters showed interbiometric differences (p ≤ 0.030), except crystalline lens thickness during CL wear (p = 0.159). Comparing measurements with and without CL, differences were observed in axial length (p < 0.001), vitreous length measured by optical biometer (p = 0.016), and anterior chamber depth by ultrasonic biometer (p < 0.016). Lens thickness remained unaffected (p ≥ 0.190). Body height and foot length were correlated with anterior chamber depth, vitreous length, and axial length (p ≤ 0.019, r ≥ 0.330). Most biometric parameters were correlated among them using both devices (p ≤ 0.037, r ≥ 0.296). Conclusions These biometers are not interchangeable and CL affects measurements. Body height and foot length correlate with ocular dimensions, and most ocular biometric values correlate positively.

Validation of the Greek version of the contact lens dry eye questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8)

PurposeContact lens discomfort (CLD) has been cited as one of the prime reasons for discontinuing contact lens wear. The CLDEQ-8 was created in 2008 to reflect status of and change in overall opinion of soft contact lenses. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of a Greek version of the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8), using Rasch statistical analysis. MethodsThis an observational prospective study of 150 consecutive patients who received soft contact lenses and were followed through with a single follow-up appointment up to a year following their initial one. The patients filled in the Greek versions of the CLDEQ-8, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and a self-report item on their experience of contact lens use. The CLDEQ-8 was analyzed with Rasch analytic methodology. ResultsThe original scoring system of the CLDEQ-8 had to be altered regarding the response categories collapsing in fewer options in items b, 2b, 3b and item 5 of the original scale. The revised scoring system proved more psychometrically valid and the CLDEQ-8 had good measurement precision, category threshold order, targeting and differential item functioning for gender. Two alternative result indexes are proposed, a symptom intensity index and a symptom frequency index to address dimensionality issues that are evident with the items relating to symptom intensity versus the rest. Results from the CLDEQ-8 correlated with the OSDI total score and the self-reported experience of contact lens use. ConclusionsThe Greek version of the CLDEQ-8 is a psychometrically valid and reliable assessment tool for contact lens discomfort in Greek-speaking populations.

Congenital Aniridia: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Approaches (Case Report)

A clinical case of congenital aniridia in combination with high degree hyperopia, congenital cataract, ophthalmohypertension, foveal hypoplasia is presented. The article analyzes the results of a complex of morphofunctional studies conducted before and after cataract surgery, presents practical data on the differential diagnosis of glaucoma and ophthalmohypertension and analyzes therapeutic approaches, including the use of a diaphragm contact lens and a three-component tear substitute Stillavit.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia.

Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability. To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs. This cross-sectional study invited adults from across Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire that collected data regarding demographics, symptoms related to DED, previous diagnosis of DED, use of contact lenses, and use of eye lubricants. A total of 2042 responses were received, of which 784 (38.4%) respondents had previously been diagnosed with DED and 752 (36.8%) were symptomatic but undiagnosed. Between the DED diagnosed and symptomatic-undiagnosed groups, a significant difference was found in terms of age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.002), presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.004), smoking status (P = 0.007), duration of electronic screen use (P = 0.05), number of ocular complaints (P < 0.001), and frequency of lubricants use (P < 0.001). Between the DED-diagnosed and non-DED groups, significant differences were found in terms of age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.001), allergy (P = 0.001), autoimmune disease (P = 0.005), smoking status (P < 0.001), and history of refractive surgery (P < 0.001). The mean estimated annual cost of using lubricating agents was SAR 328.2 ± 210.3 (USD 87.5 ± 56.1), and this was significantly higher in the diagnosed group (P = 0.01) than the symptomatic-undiagnosed group. The prevalence of DED is high among adults in Saudi Arabia. High-risk population include elderly, female, and using electronic screens for >2 hours/day.

Investigation of Contact Lens Use and Perception among Hospital Workers: A Survey on Contact Lens Use, Knowledge and Attitude among Hospital Workers

Purpose: To investigate the patterns of contact lens (CL) use and knowledge and attitude regarding the CL use among worker at a Kangwon National University Hospital.Methods: QA survey regarding the use of CL and CL-related knowledge and attitude were distributed over 2 month period starting in March, 2021 to Kangwon National University Hospital workers who had experience of CL use. The survey included questions regarding age, gender, occupation, type of CL, reason for wearing, period of use, purchase route, CL wearing pattern, complications, causative factors, and regular eye examination. The answer to each question was collected and analyzed.Results: One hundred and twelve participants completed the survey. The mean age was 30.1±5.8 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1:2.6. Soft and cosmetic CLs comprised the majority (95.5%, 107/112). Most respondents (99.1%, 111/112) purchased their CL from an optical store or through internet without prescription. Only 71.4% (80/112) washed their hands when wearing and removing lenses. In many cases, respondents had incorrect knowledge about method of CL and lens case cleaning. Most respondents 99.1% (111/112) experienced complications like foreign body sensation, dry-eye, hyperemia, blurred vision, tearing, of which only 8.0% (9/112) received regular eye examinations.Conclusions: The study finding showed even hospital workers may have incorrect knowledge regarding use of CL. Although most CL user experienced complications regarding CL, only a small proportion of CL users are receiving regular eyeexamination. Education of CL users regarding the CL care and importance of regular eye examinations are therefore warranted.

Which is superior for postural stability: contact lens or spectacles?

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance The visual system plays an important role in providing postural balance. Visual input must have good quality to ensure proper balance. Background The aim of this work is to compare the use of soft contact lenses and spectacles in terms of postural stability. Methods Patients who wore both soft spherical or toric contact lenses and spectacles were examined between February and July, 2021. A detailed ophthalmic examination, including contact lens evaluation, was performed. The aim was to fully correct the refractive error and to prescribe the most appropriate spectacle and contact lens correction. After 1 month of use, patients were subjected to the balance test. The balance tests were repeated using the Biodex Balance System (Biodex Inc. Shirley, New York, USA), first with contact lenses and then with spectacles, 15 minutes later. Static and dynamic postural stability indices were compared. Results Thirty patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study group was 31.33 ± 4.54 (26–40) years. All patients had myopic refractive errors (20 patients with myopia and 10 patients with myopia and astigmatism). The mean spherical equivalent was −2.95 ± 1.81 (−4.50–(−0.50)) D. Static stability index score was found to be statistically significantly better in tests with contact lenses (p = 0.004). Among the dynamic postural stability parameters, overall stability index and antero-posterior stability index (APSI) scores with contact lenses were better than with spectacles, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for both). Medio-lateral stability index (MLSI) score was better in tests with contact lenses (p < 0.001). Conclusion Contact lenses may provide better static and dynamic postural balance than spectacles in young patients with myopic refractive errors.

Association between contact lens use and palpebral windshield washer epitheliopathy (LWE): a qualitative review of the literature

Uno de los principales motivos de abandono de los lentes de contacto (LC) corresponde a los síntomas de incomodidad ocular. En ese sentido, la epiteliopatía palpebral en limpiabrisas (LWE, por sus siglas en inglés, lid wiper epitheliopathy) es una alteración epitelial de una región del margen palpebral llamada limpiabrisas palpebral (LW, por sus siglas en inglés, lid wiper). Durante los últimos años, dicha patología se ha evidenciado frecuentemente en usuarios de LC, según lo cual podría tratarse de un posible indicador clínico de las interacciones entre el lente y la superficie ocular que conducen al desarrollo de diversos síntomas, y el eventual abandono del producto. En el presente estudio se plantea como objetivo la ejecución de una revisión cualitativa de la literatura, con el fin de presentar diferentes hallazgos o conceptos identificados hasta la actualidad que respaldan la asociación entre el uso de LC y la LWE. Se han identificado asimismo consensos fundamentales y recomendaciones esenciales para las futuras investigaciones en la materia. Los materiales y métodos correspondieron a la búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Springer, Cochrane, Scopus y Web of Science. Como criterios de inclusión, se evaluaron artículos de investigación originales que correspondieran al criterio del “picor” y las demarcaciones de calidad metodológica CASPe. Se revisaron 245 artículos, y fueron excluidos 226 que no cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, y también 4 que no cumplieron con la calidad metodológica. En tanto, 19 artículos evidenciaron que la LWE es una alteración epitelial asociada a los síntomas de incomodidad ocular y al uso de LC. Además, la LWE también se presenta en no usuarios de LC con síntomas, aunque con menor frecuencia; lo anterior sugiere que el uso de LC actúa como un agravante de la epiteliopatía en usuarios de LC, y no como el único factor involucrado. En tanto, la inestabilidad lagrimal es el principal factor involucrado en el desarrollo de LWE en usuarios y no usuarios de LC. Asimismo, la LWE y el pliegue conjuntival paralelo del párpado (lid parallel conjunctival fold, por sus siglas en inglés, LIPCOF) se asocian entre sí y están a su vez relacionados con los síntomas de incomodidad ocular en usuarios de LC. En suma, la evidencia sustenta el trauma mecánico por aumento de fricción como el posible mecanismo subyacente; en tanto, la LWE y el LIPCOF se asocian entre sí y están a su vez relacionados con los síntomas de incomodidad ocular en usuarios de LC.

Activity of multipurpose contact lens solutions against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans biofilms.

The use of contact lenses has progressively increased around the world, thereby increasing the risk of complications. The most serious complication is microbial keratitis (corneal infection) that can progress to a corneal ulcer. Fourteen multipurpose contact lens solutions were tested on mature biofilms comprising Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans, using the minimum disinfection times recommended by the manufacturers. The biofilm was induced in the lens case, and 24 h later, the solutions were added. Activity against planktonic and sessile cells was evaluated and quantified as colony forming units per millilitre. The minimum concentration for biofilm eradication was defined as a 99.9% reduction in viable cells. Although most solutions exhibited activity against planktonic cells, only five of the 14 solutions produced a significant reduction in the S. marcescens biofilm. No solution achieved the minimal biofilm eradication of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Multipurpose contact lens solutions provide greater bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity on planktonic cells than biofilms. The minimal eradication biofilm concentration was only achieved for S. marcescens.

Prolonged Face Mask Wearing Worsens Self-Reported Dry Eye Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dental Healthcare Practitioners.

The aim of the study was to evaluate self-reported MADE during the COVID-19 pandemic in dental healthcare practitioners and identify their possible risk factors. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to doctors of dental medicine in the time period from February 2022 to August 2022. The online questionnaire included demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics: presence and deterioration of DED symptoms while wearing the face mask, personal protective face equipment, use of contact lenses, history of eye surgery, current use of medications, number of hours wearing face mask, and evaluation of subjective DED symptoms using modified Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). A total of 405 participants were included in the study and an overall prevalence of MADE was 29.1% (95% CI: 24.7 - 33.6). The participants who used masks more than 6 hours per day during the whole day reported a higher OSDI score (12.5 (IQR = 2.6 - 29.2)) compared to the participants who used masks less than 6 hours/day (6.25 (IQR = 0 - 22.92); Mann-Whitney U Test p = 0.066). Multivariable logistic regression revealed the following possible risk factors for self-reported MADE: age (older than 61 years) OR: 3.522 (95% CI 1.448 - 8.563); p=0.05, and wearing the face mask more than 6 h at work OR: 1.779 (95% CI 1.017 - 3.113); p=0.044. The prevalence of self-reported MADE among dental healthcare practitioners appears to be significant. The use of a face mask for a prolonged duration increases OSDI scores. MeSH Terms: face masks, dry eye, MADE, ocular discomfort, COVID-19, protective face equipment.

The diagnosis and treatment of contact lens-induced limbal stem cell deficiency

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and treatment outcomes of eyes with contact lens-induced limbal stem cell deficiency (CL-iLSCD). Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients diagnosed with CL-iLSCD at the Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University between October 2018 and September 2022. A total of 17 patients (25 eyes) with a mean age of (36.4±6.9) years were enrolled. Among them, 14 were females (82.4%). Corneal and limbal abnormalities, especially the range of epitheliopathy, were observed under a slit lamp biomicroscope with fluorescein staining. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy were performed to obtain the central corneal epithelial thickness, density of basal epithelial cells and corneal nerve fiber length. The clinical features of CL-iLSCD, along with their treatment outcomes and related risk factors, were analyzed. Results: All patients wore soft contact lenses, with an average daily wearing time of (10.5±2.5) hours and a median wearing duration of 10 (4 to 30) years. Ocular symptoms, including decreased vision, ocular discomfort or pain, redness, and photophobia, were present in 22 eyes (88.0%). The most characteristic clinical sign of CL-iLSCD was comb-or whorl-pattern late fluorescein staining under cobalt blue light, which was most commonly seen at the superior limbus (25/25, 100.0%). Additionally, reductions in central corneal epithelial thickness, basal cell density, and corneal nerve fiber length were observed. A comprehensive score was assigned to each eye based on clinical findings and in vivo imaging biomarkers. LSCD was mild, moderate, and severe in 5, 11, and 8 eyes, respectively. A history of misdiagnosis was found in 20 eyes (80.0%). After discontinuing the use of contact lenses and receiving medical treatment, significant improvement was observed in all eyes, with 13 eyes fully recovered. Conclusions: The symptoms and clinical signs of CL-iLSCD can be subtle at the early stage. Discontinuing contact lens wear and medication are effective to treat CL-iLSCD.

Risk Factors for Keratoconus Progression in Children Compared with Young and Middle-aged Adults.

Abstract Background To investigate the risk factors for keratoconus progression in children (10 – 18 years old; age group 1) compared to young adults (19 – 35 years old; age group 2) and middle-aged adults (36 – 55 years old; age group 3). Patients/Methods Ninety-seven children, 445 young adults, and 342 middle-aged adults underwent total ophthalmic examination including clinical refraction, slit lamp examination, corneal tomography, eye biometry, and biomechanical properties measurements. Comparisons were assessed among three age groups and between progressive and nonprogressive eyes. Logistic regression was applied to determine the potential prognostic factors for keratoconus progression in the three age groups. Results Univariate logistic regression analysis show that the most prominent factors associated with progression were corneal posterior vertical radius (RVP), eye rubbing (RUB), slit lamp corneal thinning (SLT), contact lens use (CL), and central corneal thickness (CCT) in all age groups. Additionally, the anterior chamber volume (ACV) and keratoconus match index (KMI) were associated with progression in age group 1. Location of the thinnest corneal thickness at the vertical axis (TCTy), distance from apex to the thinnest point (BADISTAPEX), scissor reflection in retinoscopy (SKIAREFLEX), and Vogt striae were associated with progression in age group 2, and TCTy, anterior and posterior asphericity (ASPA and ASPP, respectively), BADISTAPEX, SKIAREFLEX, and Vogt striae were associated with progression in age group 3. The multivariate model with the highest predictability indicated RVP, ACV, and SLT as independent determinants of progression in age group 1 (AUC: 90%, sensitivity: 88.9%, specificity: 90.9%), RVP, ACV, SLT, and SKIAREFLEX in group 2 (AUC: 81.6%, sensitivity 88.5%, specificity: 70.3%), and RVP, SLT, Vogt striae, and CL in age group 3 (AUC: 80%, sensitivity 82.8%, specificity: 73%). Conclusion ACV and KMI seem to play a major role in the progression of pediatric KC compared to adults. This is probably due to different anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of a childʼs eye globe.

Phase 1/2 study of tusamitamab ravtansine in patients with advanced solid tumors: Pooled safety analysis of corneal adverse events.

e15003 Background: Tusamitamab ravtansine (tusa rav) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeted to carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and delivering DM4, a cytotoxic maytansinoid. CEACAM5 is highly expressed in several tumor types, including nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSQ NSCLC). An open-label, Phase 1/2, dose-escalation/expansion study (NCT02187848) in patients with advanced solid tumors found the maximum tolerated dose of tusa rav to be 100 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (Q2W) with a dose-limiting toxicity of microcystic keratopathy. Tusa rav had a favorable safety profile and, in patients with NSQ NSCLC with high CEACAM5 expression, promising antitumor activity. Methods: Here we evaluate pooled corneal safety results in patients (n = 186) who received tusa rav 100 mg/m2 Q2W, including cohorts of patients with NSQ NSCLC, colorectal, gastric, or small cell lung cancers. Patients who had history of corneal disorders, contraindications to ocular prophylactic drops, or were unable to stop contact lens use for the study were ineligible. Artificial tear use was encouraged during the study. Results: In patients treated with tusa rav 100 mg/m² (median treatment duration 8.7 weeks [range 2–154]), corneal treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 56/186 (30.1%), with the worst grade being Grade 1 as asymptomatic (n = 7), Grade 2 (n = 33), and Grade 3 (n = 16). No patients had Grade 4 (perforation or blindness) or serious corneal adverse events. The most frequent corneal TEAEs were keratitis and keratopathy in 22% and 11.8% (Grade 3 in 6.5% and 2.7%) of 186 patients, respectively. Occurrence of Grade ≥2 corneal events was significantly associated with tusa rav exposure in Q2W dosing (including dose-escalation ≤150 mg/m2). Most patients with corneal TEAEs had first occurrence within the first 4 cycles (45/56), including 16 in Cycle 2 and none in Cycle 1. At analysis cut-off, corneal TEAEs had resolved in 40/56 (71.4%) patients. The median recovery time was 20.5 days (range, 8–264). Of the 186 patients, corneal TEAEs led to cycle delay in 15.6%, cycle delay with dose reduction in 7.0%, and no treatment discontinuations. Corneal TEAEs recurred in 19/56 (33.9%) patients with a median time to recurrence of 16 days. Primary prophylaxis (ophthalmic vasoconstrictor, corticosteroid gel, and/or cold masks at infusion) in only the right eye in 107 patients did not show benefit (98% of the 55 events were bilateral), supporting use of secondary prophylaxis only as needed in subsequent patients. Conclusions: Corneal TEAEs observed in the study were nonserious and typically reversible; management with dose modification allowed continuation of treatment. These results support the ongoing clinical development of tusa rav. Further investigation of the mechanisms of corneal TEAEs with ADCs and their management is necessary. Clinical trial information: NCT02187848 .