Use Of Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Articles

Computational investigation and optimization of the bulb turbine for ultra-low head application

The Indian River, which is celebrated for its breathtaking beauty and diverse heritage of cultures, has an extensive amount of potential for producing green hydroelectric electricity. 7.5 % of the world's energy came from renewable sources in 2022, with India making up 36 % of the share and growing. India has nearly reached the 5 GW objective for small hydro projects and has reached 68 % of its 175 GW renewable energy ambition. At 90 % efficiency, bulb turbines are hydroelectric turbines that produce power from water, making them a perfect choice for high flow rates and low water head conditions. In order to optimize bulb turbines, this research investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess variables including the number of guiding vanes, the angle of the draft tube, and the design of the blades. According to studies, efficiency is increased when guiding vanes increase. The geometry of guiding vanes also has a significant impact on performance. Draft tubes, which restore kinetic energy from water entering the turbine, can enhance efficiency with proper design. Adding anti-cavitation capabilities to runner blades improves performance even further. CFD models verify these conclusions, with little variations from the field data. By fine-tuning important parameters such as 14 guiding vanes and adjusting the draft tube angle to 2.5°, the turbine's efficiency jumped from 87 % to 97 %.

Numerical Calculation and Direct Measurement of Local Hot Spot Temperatures in Transformer Clamping Plates

A verified multiphysics model is developed to simulate local hot spot temperatures in clamping structures. Stray field losses in clamping plates are obtained with the use of nonlinear impedance boundary condition through finite element method (FEM) while hot spot temperatures are simulated with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This multiphysics coupling is validated through direct measurements of local hot spot temperatures that were carried out with fiber optic temperature probes in real transformer. The local hot spot temperatures obtained with the simulations were in good agreement with the measured values, thus verifying overall approach and indirectly the calculation of local stray field losses.

Numerical Investigation of Performance and Flow Characteristics of Francis Turbine in Part Load Condition

Abstract Due to the complexity of the flow phenomena inside Francis turbines, it is very time-consuming and expensive to determine their performance and flow characteristics under different operating conditions through model tests and field measurements. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to improve turbine design and performance is a more cost-effective alternative to traditional methods of forecasting flow characteristics in different flow domains across the whole turbine channel. The performance and flow characteristics of the turbine under various part load working circumstances are studied by numerical simulations employing the shear stress transfer SST (k − ω) turbulence model. Four different operating conditions from 50%,70%,80% and 100% of the maximum and minimum power were analyzed, and the flow characteristics across the entire turbine channel were investigated in detail. The study results shows the calculated efficiencies of four operating condition have good agreement with measured ones, and the efficiency differences between numerical simulation and measurement are below 0.44%. Visualization of velocity and pressure in the whole Francis turbine shows that output torque, output power, and performance are in good agreement with experiment results. This study’s findings can be utilized to improve the design, efficiency, and hydraulic stability of Francis turbines.

Effects and optimization of airflow on the thermal environment in a data center

In this research, the escalating energy consumption challenges in data centers are addressed by optimizing airflow organization designs. Through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, three different airflow strategies were evaluated and improved: underfloor precision air conditioning, inter-column air conditioning, and backplane air conditioning. These cooling systems, which are usually considered in isolation, were compared in a comprehensive manner to get a full picture of their efficiency and effectiveness. The findings reveal that the implementation of cold aisle containment (CAC) or hot aisle containment (HAC) significantly improves air supply efficiency (ASE) and reduces the supply heat index (SHI), leading to a more uniform temperature distribution and enhanced cooling performance. Specifically, the ASE increased from 65.69% to 85.57% and 90.25% for underfloor precision air conditioning and from 71.29% to 92.16% and 92.17% for inter-column air conditioning, with corresponding reductions in SHI. The backplane cooling system offered consistent ambient temperatures throughout the room, eliminating thermal hotspots without the need for aisle containment. This study offers a comparative analysis of different airflow organization schemes, highlighting the benefits of aisle containment in precision and inter-column air conditioning and the suitability of backplane air conditioning for high-density cooling without the need for traditional aisle separation. The results are crucial for informing energy-efficient cooling strategies in data center design and operation.

Abstract 3021: An Examination Of Emerging Techniques Forquantification Of Systemic-to-pulmonary Collateral Vessel Burden Using Imaging Modalities

Introduction: The quantification of systemic-to-pulmonary collateral vessels (SPCs) and their effects on hemodynamics is a subjective standard that has been intriguing for physicians due to the implications they could have; in cases where there is significant collateral burden, occlusion of these SPCs may be desirable, though this can present with a risk of stroke due to errant embolization particles. No benchmark method of SPC flow assessment has been established. Quantitative analysis of systemic and pulmonary flow values is possible through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD models can provide advanced and accurate analysis of cardiovascular hemodynamics providing more information beyond routine imaging. Hypothesis: Current methods for quantifying SPC burden are inadequate and could be improved through the use of additional CFD analysis. Methods: A PubMed and Science Direct search was performed. Select inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to search results. Results: The search resulted in a total of 155 unique articles. Of these, 94 articles were found to meet inclusion criteria, and 54 articles were settled on after reviewing articles for further exclusion criteria. Seven articles discussed the use of CT and catheterization for quantifying collateral burden while 43 described using MRI to provide flow values. Eight articles mentioned the use of CFD to quantify hemodynamics in patients with SPCs, and 25 articles provided specific formulas for collateral flow. Conclusions: Using cardiac magnetic resonance velocity mapping is currently regarded as the best method for quantifying SPC burden. The incorporation of CFD analysis with flow data acquired with CMR may be useful in simulating the effects of SPC burden prior to any intervention as well as in predicting the effects of SPC occlusion on patient hemodynamics.

Research and numerical assessment of design and construction errors in the swimming pool facility structures

Swimming pools are characterized by high humidity, high temperature, an aggressive environment caused by disinfection processes, high energy consumption, and extensive technical infrastructure. As a result, these facilities are at high risk of damage, including structural damage, which can have catastrophic consequences in extreme cases. Adequate ventilation plays a critical role in natatoria. The technical condition of swimming pool facilities should be regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe for the public. Various techniques can be used for this purpose. In the present study, a numerical analysis of ventilation performance and an assessment of the risks associated with design and construction errors in the ventilation system were conducted in a swimming pool building with a volume of 116,280.7 m3 and a surface area of 20,188.6 m2 in north-eastern Poland. Two scenarios were analyzed: the performance of the originally designed ventilation system and the performance of the ventilation system installed in the examined facility. The analyses were conducted with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools in the FloVent program. Air distribution was determined by measuring ventilation parameters and conducting smoke tests in analyzed natatorium, and the obtained data were consistent with the results of the numerical analysis. The analyzed scenarios were compared to identify the risks associated with inadequate ventilation in swimming pools. A significant decrease in air supply led to local increases in air velocity and worsened thermal comfort parameters in the real-world facility. In addition, the decrease in air supply induced changes in air distribution and prevented air streams from reaching all parts of the natatorium. Some areas were inadequately ventilated, and condensed water vapor settled on the building’s glass facade and the roof, posing a direct threat to structural elements. The results of the numerical analysis were congruent with on-site measurements, which indicates that CFD tools are highly useful for assessing ventilation systems in swimming pools. These tools can be used to analyze ventilation performance and optimize the proposed solutions already at the design stage. The applied tools enable designers to eliminate construction errors and optimize a building’s structural safety, performance, and energy efficiency.

Modeling the Interaction of Proximal Fragments for Destructive Atmospheric Entry Analysis

The destructive atmospheric entry process is distinguished by the formation of several fragments due to the severe aerothermal loads encountered during the descent. The proximity of debris leads to shock wave interactions and collisions between bodies, influencing the overall dynamics of the fragments and affecting the prediction of demise and ground impact location. To account for these effects, the use of computational fluid dynamics is introduced to resolve the shock interaction patterns by employing a quasi-steady approach, and the use of a simple rigid-body collision model is introduced to represent the dynamics of fragments in the cloud of debris. The quasi-steady approach is assessed and validated by comparative analysis with a few studies in the literature. One of these examples is the rebuilding of the VKI’s experiment of a free-flying ring crossing a shock wave generated by the presence of a stationary cylinder. The impact of explicitly modeling collision dynamics in the trajectory of fragments and ground spread distance is validated by considering a set of relevant test cases from the literature and tested them for destructive atmospheric reentry of the Attitude Vernier Upper Module, the launcher VEGA upper stage.

An in-silico analysis of hydrodynamics and gas mass transfer characteristics in scale-down models for mammalian cell cultures

Bioprocess scale-up and technology transfer can be challenging due to multiple variables that need to be optimized during process development from laboratory scale to commercial manufacturing. Cell cultures are highly sensitive to key factors during process transfer across scales, including geometric variability in bioreactors, shear stress from impeller and sparging activity, and nutrient gradients that occur due to increasing blend times. To improve the scale-up and scale-down of these processes, it is important to fully characterize bioreactors to better understand the differences that will occur within the culture environment, especially the hydrodynamic profiles that will vary in vessel designs across scales. In this study, a comprehensive hydrodynamic characterization of the Ambr® 250 mammalian single-use bioreactor was performed using time-accurate computational fluid dynamics simulations conducted with M-Star computational fluid dynamics software, which employs lattice-Boltzmann techniques to solve the Navier-Stokes transport equations at a mesoscopic scale. The single-phase and two-phase fluid properties within this small-scale vessel were analyzed in the context of agitation hydrodynamics and mass transfer (both within the bulk fluid and the free surface) to effectively characterize and understand the differences that scale-down models possess when compared to their large-scale counterparts. The model results validate the use of computational fluid dynamics as an in-silico tool to characterize bioreactor hydrodynamics and additionally identify important free-surface transfer mechanics that need to be considered during the qualification of a scale-down model in the development of mammalian bioprocesses.

Analysis of Solar Water Heater with Modification Absorber Plate Integrated Thermal Storage

In various countries worldwide, solar water heater systems (SWHs) are utilized as devices that harness solar energy as a primary energy source. This study investigates the performance of SWHs numerical simulation by integrating phase change material (PCM) paraffin wax onto an absorber plate collector at the bottom for thermal storage. This study presents the thermal performance of a SWHs that uses an absorber plate with PCM for thermal energy storage. In this test, four variations of the model tested, namely a) standard flat plate (SFP), b) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 10mm (SFP+PCM 10mm), c) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 7mm (SFP+PCM 7mm), and d) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 4mm (SFP+PCM 4mm), were investigated using numerical simulation. Initially, an analytical investigation was conducted to examine the material qualities of paraffin wax utilised for phase change material (PCM) storage. The SWH systems were subsequently imported and simulated under three different levels of continuous solar radiation: 400 W/m2 700 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2. The simulation incorporates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The results of the study revealed that the collector of the SWH system, which utilised an absorber plate containing phase change material (PCM) storage, demonstrated exceptional performance. Models with a thickness of 7mm PCM or SFP+PCM 7mm have the highest efficiency compared to other models with an efficiency value of 64%. There is a 3-4% increase in efficiency with variations in models that use PCM thermal storage compared to models that do not use PCM thermal storage.

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling in a new design of closed greenhouse

Closed greenhouses are crucial buildings for agriculture in controlled environments because they offer the best growing conditions for crops and shield them from outside influences. Researchers can now better optimize design parameters for increased crop output and energy efficiency by simulating airflow and temperature distribution inside closed greenhouses with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. We examine the temperature distribution and airflow patterns inside the greenhouse under various environmental conditions using CFD simulations. Our findings show that, in comparison to traditional greenhouse constructions, the novel design greatly improves temperature uniformity and lowers energy use. Moreover, the greenhouse's thermal insulation design minimizes heat loss during the colder months, enhancing energy efficiency overall. We offer important insights into how design changes affect airflow dynamics and thermal performance in enclosed greenhouses by utilizing CFD modeling. Our research highlights how effective CFD modeling can be in maximizing crop yields and achieving sustainable agricultural practices through greenhouse design optimization. The integration of novel design components for improved energy efficiency and crop yield is a feasible outcome of this research, which advances the field of closed greenhouse technology overall. The research highlights the value of using CFD modeling to inform the design of next-generation closed greenhouse systems and has important ramifications for sustainable agriculture methods and greenhouse management techniques. The goals were to assess how well various heating/cooling systems maintained the ideal environmental conditions for plant growth. A verified CFD model was used to run the simulations, which took into account a number of variables including the shape of the greenhouse, the outside environment, and the interior heat sources. Important discoveries include understanding temperature gradients, airflow patterns, and possible areas for environmental management enhancement are presented in this paper. Results showed that the species mass transfer of vapor (H2o) will vary over time.

Effect of hydrocyclone design in microplastics-water separation by using computational fluid dynamics simulations

Nowadays microplastics have become a significant environmental concern, impacting both freshwater and marine ecosystems. In response to this issue, extensive research has been conducted to explore methods for separating microplastics from water. One area of investigation involves the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to study hydrocyclones and their intricate flow patterns. In this study, CFD was systematically used to examine various hydrocyclone designs with different geometrical parameters, including the ratios of cylindrical diameter to underflow diameter and overflow diameter, the cone to cylindrical height ratio, and the inlet angle. The efficiency of these hydrocyclones has been evaluated based on key performance metrics, including microplastics recovery percentage, water split percentage, and pressure drop. The results of this study have revealed noteworthy findings. Moreover, statistical analysis, specifically the analysis of variance (ANOVA), was employed to determine the significance of various geometric parameters on microplastics separation within the hydrocyclone. As a result of this comprehensive investigation, an optimized hydrocyclone design was proposed. This optimized hydrocyclone featured an underflow diameter to diameter of the cylindrical ratio of 0.264, an overflow diameter to diameter of the cylindrical ratio of 0.3, a cone to cylindrical height ratio of 13.22:70.78, and a tangential inlet. This configuration achieved a remarkable 76% microplastics recovery, a 52% water split, and a pressure drop of 82,340 Pa.

Computational Rhinology: Unraveling Discrepancies between In Silico and In Vivo Nasal Airflow Assessments for Enhanced Clinical Decision Support.

Computational rhinology is a specialized branch of biomechanics leveraging engineering techniques for mathematical modelling and simulation to complement the medical field of rhinology. Computational rhinology has already contributed significantly to advancing our understanding of the nasal function, including airflow patterns, mucosal cooling, particle deposition, and drug delivery, and is foreseen as a crucial element in, e.g., the development of virtual surgery as a clinical, patient-specific decision support tool. The current paper delves into the field of computational rhinology from a nasal airflow perspective, highlighting the use of computational fluid dynamics to enhance diagnostics and treatment of breathing disorders. This paper consists of three distinct parts-an introduction to and review of the field of computational rhinology, a review of the published literature on in vitro and in silico studies of nasal airflow, and the presentation and analysis of previously unpublished high-fidelity CFD simulation data of in silico rhinomanometry. While the two first parts of this paper summarize the current status and challenges in the application of computational tools in rhinology, the last part addresses the gross disagreement commonly observed when comparing in silico and in vivo rhinomanometry results. It is concluded that this discrepancy cannot readily be explained by CFD model deficiencies caused by poor choice of turbulence model, insufficient spatial or temporal resolution, or neglecting transient effects. Hence, alternative explanations such as nasal cavity compliance or drag effects due to nasal hair should be investigated.

Preliminary Study on Recirculation Vortex and Turbulence Inside Ultra Low Head Pico Hydro Cross-Flow Turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

Cross-flow turbines (CFT) have evolved since the first investigation in 1949. After some use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in CFT development, it is known that there might be a recirculation vortex inside the CFT. At the CFT internal flow, some significant turbulent flow occurred, which is indicated by a higher value of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). However, the effect of the turbulence inside this turbine still evokes many questions. This study ran Several CFD simulations on three CFT blade designs. One of them has already been tested experimentally, and the others are the modifications of the first design. There are two scenarios for the simulations: run in a traditionally two-phase condition or in a submerged state to maximize the usage of the potential head. This study found that the existing configuration has a contra-directional permanent recirculation, dead area, and high turbulency spot, which induce a higher loss. Meanwhile, all those phenomena could be minimized under the modified blade condition. The modification improves multiphase CFT performance by relatively 22.2% efficiency and 16.6% relative escalation for the submerged condition. However, the expected recirculation flow found in the prior study was still not found in this study. Another modification is still needed.

Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimisation of a Double-Wall Effusion Cooling System for a High-Pressure Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane

Double-Wall Effusion Cooling schemes present an opportunity for aeroengine designers to achieve high overall cooling effectiveness and convective cooling efficiency in High-Pressure Turbine blades with reduced coolant usage compared to conventional cooling technologies. This is accomplished by combining impingement, pin-fin and effusion cooling. Optimising these cooling schemes is crucial to ensuring that cooling is achieved sufficiently at high-heat-flux regions and not overused at low-heat-flux ones. Due to the high number of design variables employed in these systems, optimisation through the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations can be a computationally costly and time-consuming process. This study makes use of a Low-Order Flow Network Model (LOM), developed, validated and presented previously, which quickly assesses the pressure, temperature, mass flow and heat flow distributions through a Double-Wall Effusion Cooling scheme. Results generated by the LOM are used to rapidly produce an ideal cooling system design through the use of an Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimisation process. The objective is to minimise the coolant mass flow whilst maintaining acceptable metal cooling effectiveness around the external surface of the blade and ensuring that the Backflow Margin for all film holes is above a selected threshold. For comparison, a Genetic Aggregation model-based optimisation using CFD simulations in ANSYS Workbench is also conducted. Results for both the reduction of coolant mass flow and the total optimisation runtime are analysed alongside those from the LOM, demonstrating the benefit of rapid low-order solving techniques.

Two-phase electro-magneto-fluid dynamics model and its computational fluid dynamics implementation

In this work, we present a two-phase electro-magneto-fluid dynamics (EMFD) model that merges electromagnetics and fluid dynamics. The model is suitable for use in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and was incorporated into OpenFOAM® after deriving appropriate equations that bypassed certain limitations of the software. Currently, there is lack of even single-phase EMFD models that can be incorporated into CFD software; however, simpler models from electrohydrodynamics (EHD) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are being implemented although they have certain approximations that can limit their applicability. We conclude that the derived EMFD model is applicable, and show its quality by implementing it and analyzing the results. We use cases with a droplet and the electrospinning process for verification. The drop deformations obtained were closer to analytical predictions than in the literature for two EHD models, but some oscillations were observed. We compared one simulation to the prediction of an analytical equation from MHD, and good agreement was shown. Finally, we simulate the electrospinning process, and the results were very close to the analytical predictions. We conclude that the implementation can be used for both EHD and MHD cases.

Numerical investigation on design parameters of orifice plate for positioning of workpiece in cavitation zone for cavitation machining

ABSTRACT The recent development of non-traditional machining techniques, such as cavitation machining (CM), has been gaining traction amongst researchers due to its sustainable nature. The present research focuses on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict the location of workpiece in the fluid domain and bubble distribution during CM process. For efficient CM, the correct positioning of a workpiece in cavitation zone is essential, as the implosion of the cavity bubble leads to formation of micro-jet and shock waves for a few milli-to-microseconds generating high temperature and pressure on workpiece. The aim is to harness cavitation phenomena in material processing, particularly by using orifice plates as a common tool to induce hydrodynamic cavitation. To generalise the investigation, the flow simulation through orifice plate with different aspect ratios (l/d) are carried out. For the bubble distribution and their diameters, the Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM) is used in the downstream side of the flow domain. Using this information, bubble dynamics have also been investigated using the Keller–Miksis (KM) model to compute the implosion time and intensity in the zone. The presented exploration determines the orifice dimensions to optimize implosion intensity, ensuring precise workpiece placement in real-time CM.

Statistical analysis of modelling approaches for CFD simulations of high-pressure natural gas releases

The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in process safety to estimate the risk of a given incidental scenario has become ever more present in common industry practice. The simulation of high-pressure, compressible natural gas jets is often performed by modelling its source with a simpler notional diameter approach, such that the highly computationally expensive nearfield zone need not to be simulated; this is particularly determining when simulating a gas release in complex scenario like liquid natural gas (LNG) regasification plants. In this study, we analysed the structure of compressible and incompressible jets, using Birch 1984 (B84) and Birch 1987 (B87) models. In this work, a study on the positioning of the notional diameter with respect to the real orifice of the released gas is performed, along with a statistical analysis to assess the limits of the simpler model approaches.It was found that no spacing is needed between the virtual and real sources, as the potential core generated by the simpler model is as large as the fully simulated nearfield zone by the compressible model. Additionally, an end-of-transition zone position correlation is reported. The incompressible models can be used instead of the fully compressible model for a wide range of release conditions, with both models providing accurate predictions of axisymmetrical mole fraction, temperature, and velocity profiles between 2.5 and 130 bar of storage pressure at a 1-inch orifice diameter. However, as the diameter increases, B84 is not a viable model for a “full bore” (10-inch diameter size) release at 65 bar. While B84 is reliable, B87 is the superior model for its ability to account for the compressible effects of the expansion. Therefore, B87 should be used when simulating cases where temperature is of particular interest to the user.

Pollution simulation of heavy metal in saturated porous media using CFD

Visualizing contaminant transport can play a significant role in better understanding the fate of contaminants in soil. The present study aimed to evaluate contamination of aluminium and mercury in the soil through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain an estimate of degraded zones. A leak from a generic stabilization pond measuring 40 m (length) and 20 m (width) was developed for the simulations. The simulations were carried out for a period of 10 years with different leak speeds, water inlet flow rates and different values of aluminum and mercury volume fractions. All governing equations was solved with the transient mode. The flow characterized as laminar, and the multiphase model was employed through the Mixture method. The time required for contamination to reach its maximum value was directly influenced by the change in speed values. The concentration of the pollutant increases as the water inlet and leakage speeds increase, however, it reduces the time needed to reach the highest pollutant value, indicating that the degree of pollution of the porous medium was greater. The study shows that contamination can be seen as a potential contaminant source for groundwater.

Computational analysis of radon progeny deposition patterns in the human respiratory system

In the last year, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques has gained prominence as a powerful tool for modeling biological phenomena and influencing the design of biomedical devices. In this study, we utilized a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate airflow and the deposition of aerosol particles within the human respiratory tract. To achieve this, we meticulously constructed a 3D model of the human tracheobronchial airways using SolidWorks software. Our computational analyses encompassed a range of breathing conditions, ranging from 15 to 60 (L/min). Through the application of discrete phase modeling (DPM), we investigate the behavior of two-phase flow dynamics. Our focus lies in the examination of aerosol particles, with diameters ranging from 1 to 10 (μm), in order to evaluate the influence of aerosol particle size on deposition rates. Our findings encompass velocity contour maps, deposition rates of aerosol particles, and insights into the process of aerosol particle entrapment at various locations within the respiratory tract. Our study reveals a direct correlation between higher inhalation rates and larger aerosol particle sizes, resulting in increased deposition rates. Additionally, we observe a heightened deposition of aerosol-particles at bronchi region. These computational results hold significant value in estimating the distribution of doses resulting from radon progeny exposure in distinct anatomical regions of the respiratory tract.

Evaluating Mechanical Strength in Vertical-Axis Tidal Turbines: A Comparative Study of Internal Blade Structure and Material Selection through CFD Simulation

Due to the density of water, tidal turbine blades are subject to significantly greater stresses than wind turbine blades. Multiple blade failures occurred during prototype testing as a result of loading conditions and protracted exposure to seawater, which created a severe work environment. The structural integrity of tidal turbine blades is essential for long-term reliability and performance. Numerous investigations into structural performance have been conducted. However, previous research has centred on horizontal-axis tidal turbines, while research on small-scale vertical-axis tidal turbines is limited. This paper aims to compare the Vertical-Axis Tidal Turbine (VATT) structural performance of hollow and solid blade structures in an identical NACA profile using three distinct materials. Finite element analysis (FEA) is employed to construct a model and simulate the mechanical characteristics of VATT blades. The use of static analysis simulation is employed in order to evaluate many parameters, including stress distribution and deflection. Parametric studies are conducted to explore the impact of internal blade structure and materials on mechanical strength. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is employed for the purpose of analyzing the interaction between blades of vertical axis tidal turbines (VATT) and tidal currents, thereby enabling the assessment of structural loading. According to the simulation results, the hollow profile is subject to significant deflections and stresses. Other data indicates that the utilization of stiffeners in porous structures improves material efficiency and results in lighter blades, although further analysis is needed to investigate fatigue life prediction in optimizing structural design.