Use Of Coercive Means Research Articles

Conditions for the use of Coercive Means of Enforcement by Members of the Police Force in the Slovak Republic

The paper is based on the scientific research task undertaken at the Academy of Police Force in Bratislava, Research No. 246: Analysis of the coercive means of enforcement in selected police services. Its aim is to analyse the legal conditions of the use of coercive means by police officers in practice. The intervening police officer is obliged to know these legal conditions for the use of coercive means well and to be able to apply them correctlyStreszczenieArtyku zosta przygotowany na podstawie realizacji zadania naukowo-badawczego podjtego w Akademii Si Policyjnych w Bratysawie, nr badania 246: Analiza rodkw przymusu bezporedniego w wybranych subach policyjnych". Celem jego realizacji jest przeprowadzenie analizy uwarunkowa prawnych stosowania rodkw przymusu bezporedniego przez policjantw w praktyce. Policjant podejmujcy interwencj ma obowizek dobrze zna podstawy prawne uycia rodkw przymusu i umie je prawidowo zastosowa - , , 246: . . , , ZusammenfassungDer Artikel wurde auf der Grundlage der Durchfhrung der wissenschaftlichen Forschungsaufgabe an der Akademie der Polizeikrfte in Bratislava, Forschung Nr. 246: "Analyse der Manahmen des unmittelbaren Zwangs in ausgewhlten Polizeidienststellen" erstellt. Ihr Ziel ist es, die rechtlichen Bedingungen fr die Anwendung von direkten Zwangsmanahmen durch Polizeibeamte in der Praxis zu analysieren. Ein Polizeibeamter, der einen Einsatz durchfhrt, muss diese rechtlichen Bedingungen fr die Anwendung von Zwangsmanahmen gut kennen und in der Lage sein, sie korrekt anzuwenden.

Rebel governance or governance in rebel territory? Extraction and services in Ndélé, Central African republic

ABSTRACT Rebel governance assumes a symbiotic relationship between coercion and public goods provision. However, in the rebel-held town of Ndélé, Central African Republic, we find that governance happens in rebel-held territory, but rarely by rebels. Rebels allowed other actors to provide services for the people only when this did not hinder rebels extracting political clout and economic benefit from the people and their lands. We show how rebels’ extractive ambitions and governance discourses evolved during successive stages of rebellion through a diachronic comparison rooted in multimethod fieldwork from 2018 to 2022. We ask, why were rebel groups able to set up their rule, then rule for seven years, before ultimately losing power? Rebels evoked public goods at the onset of rebellion to justify the use of coercive means. After rebel rule was established, rebels outsourced public goods to international and state actors allowing for governance in rebel-held territory while focussing their own efforts on extraction. When their rule was challenged, rebels targeted governance actors and spaces in their territory in pursuit of economic gain and political dominance. Our findings call for a re-evaluation of existing rebel governance studies and the ways in which rebel groups are engaged with.

Характеристика принципов уголовно-исполнительного законодательства

The article analyzes the characteristics of the principles of criminal executive law. It is substantiated that the main principles of the criminal executive law are: legality, humanism, justice, the inevitability of the execution and serving of sentences and other measures of criminal law, differentiation and individualization of the execution of sentences and other measures of criminal law, the cooperation of state bodies and civil society, equality of convicts before the law, stimulation of law–abiding and active socially useful behavior of convicts, rational use of coercive means and resocialization, the combination of the execution of sentences and other measures of criminal law impact with the correctional effect on convicts and their resocialization.

Leadership Tasks Associated with the Use of Coercive Means by Professional Disaster Management Bodies

Professional disaster management bodies were granted statutory authorisation on the 1st of January 2017 to take limited coercive measures. Professional disaster management bodies are entities performing primarily state administration tasks, and secondly law enforcement tasks. Fire brigades and from the mid-1990s, professional disaster management bodies have been and are involved in the road inspection of dangerous goods in addition to other entities authorised to inspect under the Act on traffic. The use of coercive means requires special training, to which the obligation of leaders (commanders) correlates: to investigate the use of coercive means.

Institutional Adoption of a Learning Management System in Higher Education: A Case Study of the Corvinus University in Budapest

Professional disaster management bodies were granted statutory authorisation on the 1st of January 2017 to take limited coercive measures. Professional disaster management bodies are entities performing primarily state administration tasks, and secondly law enforcement tasks. Fire brigades and from the mid-1990s, professional disaster management bodies have been and are involved in the road inspection of dangerous goods in addition to other entities authorised to inspect under the Act on traffic. The use of coercive means requires special training, to which the obligation of leaders (commanders) correlates: to investigate the use of coercive means.

Police Training in the System of Professional Training for Federal Police Force in Germany

Abstract The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of organizing and conducting trainings in the system of professional training of personnel of the Federal Police of Germany (BPOL). The main focus is on the organization of training on the use of weapons, coercive means, situational training. It has been found out that during the exercises of firing proficiency not only the skills of marksmanship are worked out, but also various complex situational trainings are carried out, which reflect the situations of daily activities of the police and require them to take appropriate action (the correct contention resolution in terms of tactics of action and the lawfulness and decision making on the use or non-use of weapons). As a result of the use of general scientific methods for the analysis, synthesis and generalization of information of directive / documents, orders, scientific and didactic sources as well as studying and generalizing the pedagogical experience of organizing trainings for BPOL personnel, it was found that in the development of situational trainings and training on the use of weapons, coercive means and own security, the trainers of BPOL were guided by both traditional “linear” and “nonlinear” pedagogical principles for organization of training exercises. On the basis of the generalization of the research results, it has been established that the situations that are developed for such trainings are constantly updated and correspond to the realities of time. At the heart of all scenarios, there are nine standard police cases: police communication, personal identification, detention, search of persons, transportation of detainees, vehicle control, first medical aid, collection of materials for identification and its entry into the database, search of premises and belongings. While assessing the actions of a policeman in solving a situation, the trainers take into account: communication skills (both with the partner and with the “opponent”), tactics of action, compliance with the requirements of self-defence, the correct use of coercive means, the lawfulness of all measures taken, the provision of first medical care, achievement of a goal (solution of a situation).

Violence and conflict in intercultural interaction

The article reveals the specificity of intercultural interaction at the present stage of development of societies, reveals the nature and significance of violence and conflict. Defining intercultural interaction as an aggregate of heterogeneous, different-level relationships, relations and processes of functioning of cultural systems that influence one another, the authors note that this influence can be both positive and negative. In the first case, interaction is free from coercion and promotes mutual enrichment of cultures. In the second case, it involves violence and lays the groundwork for the emergence of conflict as a way of eliminating the forced factor. The authors note that today societies and cultures are undergoing a massive pressure caused by the process of globalization that affects the fundamental foundations of the world order, creating a number of contradictions within the framework of interaction of cultures. Globalization does not just create conditions for interaction between cultures, but it also makes this interaction inevitable. Intercultural interaction in these conditions is accompanied by cultural expansion, expansion of the sphere of influence of one cultural paradigm and the imposition of a single socio-cultural and political model of the organization of human existence. Violence in intercultural interaction is connected with the imposition of culture with the use of coercive means or through violent practices, which are implemented by infringing on the rights and freedoms of individuals and groups and are contrary to their interests and goals. Readiness for violence is explained by a connection with domination or the desire for domination. Unlike violence, the conflict in intercultural interaction is seen as an attempt to escape from the chains of domination and to be free from coercion in order to restore reciprocity and equality in intercultural relations.

Non-problematic Situations in Social Workers’ and GPs’ Practice

This study aims to describe and analyze written accounts of non-problematic situations by 28 social workers and 24 general practitioners (GPs). The results show that non-problematic situations were connected to professionals’ control of the intervention process. Non-problematic situations were described by social workers as situations where they had control of the relationship with the client either by the use of coercive means or by the client’s active cooperation. GPs referred to non-problematic situations as situations where they had control of the intervention process mainly by the use of professional knowledge. One main conclusion is that the ability to control the intervention process through control of the relationship with the client may be of significance to those professions where a central part of the professional jurisdiction involves changing clients’ behaviors. This conclusion means that professional knowledge is not the only way to control the professional intervention process.

Parental Perceptions of the Use of Coercive Measures on Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Children with developmental disabilities who exhibit challenging behaviour are potentially subject to the use of coercive interventions. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of coercive measures by authorities, according to parents' reports. A postal survey was distributed, as a total population study, to 946 Finnish parents of children with developmental disabilities, between the ages of 5 and 15, and who were entitled to the highest disability allowance. Of the respondents, 54 (22%) answered 'yes' when asked whether their child had been subjected to coercive procedures by authorities. The parents had seldom approved the use of coercive means and often believed that such means had negative effects on their child. To protect the children's rights, the use of coercive measures should be regulated more strictly, and positive intervention strategies should be taught to teachers and nurses.

Establishing the norms within the polygon for police officers' specific skill evaluation for students of the Academy of Criminalistics and Police Studies

The aim of the paper is to establish the norms of the polygon for evaluating specific skill of police officers (PolSSPl) to apply to students of the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies of both sexes within the subject Special Physical Education 3 - Use of Coercive Means (SPE 3). The survey included 374 third-year Academy students (232 male and 142 female ones) of undergraduate academic studies. Homogeneity of results was confirmed by variance coefficient which was 10.60 for the male students and 10.79 for the female ones. A low degree of inclination and curvature was noted with respect to the Gaussian curve, amounting to -0.067 and -0.316 or 0.145 and -0.048 for the male and the female students, respectively. Normal distribution of the result frequency indicated a high discrimination of the test which allowed defining valid normative values of the time needed for the realization of PolSSPl. Based on the mean, expressed in seconds, and the standard deviation, which amounted to 85.87±8.05 and 96.89±9.98 for male and female students respectively, the norms were established for evaluating the Academy students' performance in the practical exam of SPE 3.

Simon Chesterman and Chia Lehnardt (eds). From Mercenaries to Market. The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies

Currently prevailing notions of the state have been considerably shaped by Max Weber's definition which distinguished the state from other socio-political communities through its monopoly on the use of legitimate violence to enforce its administrative decisions. In order to make this normative claim effective, the state needs to have the necessary coercive instruments (military, police, penitentiaries, etc.) at its disposal. At least in the industrialized nations there has therefore been a linear increase in the strength and reach of the state. This seemingly perennial increase in the ability of the state to engineer social outcomes, if necessary through the use of coercive means, was fuelled by a steady increase in economic production and a corresponding enlargement of the relative share of public spending. The lasting recessions in the aftermath of 1973, however, dramatically altered this overall picture. The end of full employment, seemingly unlimited economic growth, and attendant tax revenue exposed fundamental structural limits of statehood. This set in motion an ongoing academic and public discourse on the appropriate functional scope of a weakening state in an increasingly globalizing world which appeared far less amenable to deliberate political control, given pressures towards greater efficiency, competitiveness, and rationalization. The ensuing debate led to the re-appraisal of alternative conceptions of statehood which had been common until the early modern era before the onset of the dramatic innovation and concentration of the governmental machinery described by Weber. Even before the creation of the Weberian modern rational corporate state (rationaler Anstaltsstaat), the state possessed a monopoly on legitimate violence. But because it lacked the necessary direct means of coercion, the state generally relied for the delegated enforcement of its decisions on the services of duly authorized private actors.

Origins of antisocial behavior. Negative reinforcement and affect dysregulation of behavior as socialization mechanisms in family interaction.

Theoretical models specifying the contribution of two social-familial mechanisms, negative reinforcement and affect dysregulation, to the development of child antisocial behavior were tested using a sample of 57 8- to 13-year-old boys referred for treatment of conduct problems. Negative reinforcement of boys' aggressive behavior and boys' affect dysregulation were found to covary with the boys' irritability toward parents and siblings and were reliable predictors of a composite measure of child antisocial behavior, defined by out-of-home placement, arrests, and school discipline incidents 2 years later. Reinforcement of aggression and affect dysregulation during family interaction may play complementary roles in the development of antisocial behavior by fostering the use of coercive means of dealing with social conflict. The findings are discussed in terms of research strategies for identifying social mechanisms contributing to child psychopathology and of implications for modification of current family interventions targeting child antisocial behavior.