Use In Children Research Articles

Assistance in Building Positive Character in Social Media for Orphanage Children

Children are a golden age in their growth, so that various information that comes in both verbally and visually will be recorded well, therefore children aged 2-13 years need to receive assistance and supervision over all their activities. Since the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world, all learning activities have changed to online learning, as a result of online learning, there has been a change in children's attitudes. This change is due to children accessing social media a lot and receiving less guidance from their parents, resulting in excessive use of social media. For children and teenagers who have parents, monitoring will be possible, but for children and teenagers in orphanages, do they receive monitoring, assistance, and supervision from parents? Therefore, in this community service activity, the researcher wanted to know more about monitoring the use of social media by children in orphanages. Several games were carried out to determine the extent of children's use of social media, and as a result, the games could divert children's tendencies to use social media.

Association between Paediatric Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Parental Health Literacy, Child Health, and Socio-Economic Variables: A Prospective Study.

Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) constitute products and practices not considered allopathic medicine. CAM use is high in children, but little is known about factors that may influence parents using CAM with their child. This study aimed to determine the variables associated with CAM use in children with a prospective study among children and their parents attending a tertiary care hospital in New Zealand (NZ). Outcomes included current CAM use, parental opinions on CAM, parental health literacy and child well-being. This study was completed by 130 parents (85% female), and the mean child age was 6.7 years. CAM use was reported for 59 (45%) children, the most common being oral supplements and body manipulation. Children were more likely to use CAM if their parent had higher health literacy (p = 0.001), and if they had previously attended the emergency department within 12 months (p = 0.03). There was no association between child well-being and CAM use. Parental opinion of using CAM only if a doctor recommended it was associated with CAM use for their child (p = 0.01). Only 40% of parents disclosed their child's CAM use to the medical team. This study highlights that parental health literacy influences the use of CAM for children in NZ, providing insight for translational research to improve CAM safety and disclosure rates in NZ.

Технология использования мультипликационных фильмов в обучении бурятскому языку детей дошкольного возраста

The Buryat language is in danger of extinction. Vitality of the language is determined by children's use of it. At present, there is an urgent need in the republic to develop and apply in the process of teaching the Buryat language such technologies that will be interesting and demanded by pre-school children. The purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of using cartoons in the process of teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children. In the course of the study we applied the following methods: generalization of experience in teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children, analysis of scientific literature on the methods of early foreign language teaching, speech development of preschool children, use of cartoons in language classes, observation of the process of language skills formation in preschool children, experimental and pedagogical work, conversation with Buryat language teachers of preschool educational organizations of the Republic of Buryatia. The study revealed that cartoons created in the Buryat language have a great didactic potential. To use them for the purpose of teaching the Buryat language, a selection of cartoon series was made and a set of tasks for them was developed. This set of tasks realizes the methods of teaching second languages and the algorithm of work on video materials. Scientific novelty of the study consists in methodical analysis of the teaching potential of cartoons in the Buryat language, the study of linguistic and speech content of cartoon texts and the possibility of using them in the formation of linguistic skills and the development of technology of using these cartoons in teaching the Buryat language to preschool children. The practical significance of the study lies in the description of a set of tasks for working on cartoons, which makes it possible to use the results of the study in the development of new technologies of teaching Buryat language and other languages with the use of cartoons, in particular, in the development of a set of tasks and exercises for different types of language and speech skills, in the creation of educational cartoons.

Pattern of Mobile Phone Use in Children Diagnosed with Neuro-Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

Background: Digital technologies including mobile phone device have progressively become an integral part of the life of children and adolescents for communication as well as learning and playing. According to some authors, the use of mobile device constitutes a “passive” behavior or one-way communication, which takes the child away from other more useful learning processes.Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of mobile device use in children with Neurodevelopmental disorders in Bangladesh.Methods: This retrospective cross sectional type of study was conducted at Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from November 2022 to April 2023. Children aged 1-5 year with neurodevelopmental disorders eg; ASD, ADHD, Isolated speech delay, Epilepsy, GDD were selected and enrolled in this study. Then children were assessed thoroughly by taking detailed history and physical examination. Neurodevelopmental assessment was done by Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA). In confirmed cases, parents were asked retrogradely regarding the pattern of use mobile phone of their child. Data were collected in pre-designed structured questionnaire after taking approval of Institutional review board. An informed written consent was taken from the parents or the legal guardians.Results: Total 100 children were included. Male were outnumbered (71%) than female. Isolated speech delay was the commonest neurodevelopmental disorder (33%) followed by ASD. Average screen used time were about 3-5 hours of one-third children (38%). Majority of the parents (42.4%) were involved in their household work at the time of mobile use. More than half of the children (57.8%) use mobile phone for watching cartoon. About 50% parents believe that mobile phone having decremental effect on child’s brain development. Maternal mobile was the prime source (65.5%) for using mobile device. Conclusion: Isolated speech delay was the most commonly encountered neurodevelopmental disorder in this study. Average screen used time were about 3-5 hours for one-third studied children. More than half of the neurodevelopmental disordered children use mobile phone for watching cartoon. About half of the parents belief that mobile device have definite decremental effects on child’s brain development.

Silver Diamine Fluoride Use in Children with Special Health-care Needs: Breaking the Barriers

Dental caries is the most common unmet dental need of children with special health-care needs (SHCNs), and their treatment is challenging in routine dental settings. Based on surplus evidence, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a simple, safe, cost-effective, and efficient topical solution for treating dental caries. It is a clear, colorless, odorless fluoride-containing solution, does not require an extensive armamentarium for its application, and can be used in any setting. However, even with worldwide acceptance, there occurs limited research regarding SDF use in children with special needs. This review aims to update the possibilities and acceptability of SDF usage in patients with special needs with dental caries as a promising option for managing dental caries and improving their quality of life.

Digital Interventions for Combating Internet Addiction in Young Children: Qualitative Study of Parent and Therapist Perspectives.

Internet addiction is an emerging mental health issue in this digital age. Nowadays, children start using the internet in early childhood, thus making them vulnerable to addictive use. Previous studies have reported that the risk of internet addiction tends to be higher in lower-income regions with lower quality of life, such as Indonesia. Indonesia has high risks and prevalence of internet addiction, including in children. Digital interventions have been developed as an option to combat internet addiction in children. However, little is known about what parents and therapists in Indonesia perceive about these types of interventions. This study aims to investigate the experiences, perceptions, and considerations of parents and therapists regarding digital interventions for combating internet addiction in young Indonesian children. This study used a qualitative exploratory approach through semistructured interviews. We involved 22 parents of children aged 7 to 11 years and 6 experienced internet addiction therapists for children. The interview data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants in this study recognized 3 existing digital interventions to combat internet addiction: Google Family Link, YouTube Kids, and Apple parental control. They perceived that digital interventions could be beneficial in continuously promoting healthy digital behavior in children and supporting parents in supervision. However, the existing interventions were not highly used due to limitations such as the apps' functionality and usability, parental capability, parent-child relationships, cultural incompatibility, and data privacy. The findings suggest that digital interventions should focus not only on restricting and monitoring screen time but also on suggesting substitutive activities for children, developing children's competencies to combat addictive behavior, improving digital literacy in children and parents, and supporting parental decision-making to promote healthy digital behavior in their children. Suggestions for future digital interventions are provided, such as making the existing features more usable and relatable, investigating gamification features to enhance parental motivation and capability in managing their children's internet use, providing tailored or personalized content to suit users' characteristics, and considering the provision of training and information about the use of interventions and privacy agreements.

The digital citizenship of children with autism: Challenges, considerations and educational needs of paediatric practitioners

AbstractThis exploratory study examined paediatric practitioners' challenges and considerations when they support caregivers and children with autism regarding children's screen use. Current research often focuses on the problematic use of screen time among children with autism. No clear strategies or recommendations for clinicians to support the beneficial use of screens exist yet in the field. Participants in the study were 15 experienced paediatric practitioners invited to participate in semistructured interviews that were analysed using summative content analysis. Practitioners expressed the urgent need for accessible and valuable educational resources to guide digital citizenship and screen time use for their clients with autism. This exploratory study provides an initial roadmap for the educational needs of paediatric practitioners supporting positive screen use and digital citizenship of autistic children.

Unfulfilled Promises of Child Safety and Privacy: Portrayals and Use of Children in Smart Home Marketing

Smart home technologies are making their way into families. Parents' and children's shared use of smart home technologies has received growing attention in CSCW and related research communities. Families and children are also frequently featured as target audiences in smart home product marketing. However, there is limited knowledge of how exactly children and family interactions are portrayed in smart home product marketing, and to what extent those portrayals align with the actual consideration of children and families in product features and resources for child safety and privacy. We conducted a content analysis of product websites and online resources of 102 smart home products, as these materials constitute a main marketing channel and information source about products for consumers. We found that despite featuring children in smart home marketing, most analyzed product websites did not mention child safety features and lacked sufficient information on how children's data is collected and used. Specifically, our findings highlight misalignments in three aspects: (1) children are depicted as users of smart home products but there are insufficient child-friendly product features; (2) harmonious child-product co-presence is portrayed but potential child safety issues are neglected; and (3) children are shown as the subject of monitoring and datafication but there is limited information on child data collection and use. We discuss how parent-child relationships and parenting may be negatively impacted by such marketing depictions, and we provide design and policy recommendations for better incorporating child safety and privacy considerations into smart home products.

Exploring the Perspectives of Social VR-Aware Non-Parent Adults and Parents on Children's Use of Social Virtual Reality

Social Virtual Reality (VR), where people meet in virtual spaces via 3D avatars, is used by children and adults alike. Children experience new forms of harassment in social VR where it is often inaccessible to parental oversight. To date, there is limited understanding of how parents and non-parent adults within the child social VR ecosystem perceive the appropriateness of social VR for different age groups and the measures in place to safeguard children. We present results of a mixed-methods questionnaire (N=149 adults, including 79 parents) focusing on encounters with children in social VR and perspectives towards children's use of social VR. We draw novel insights on the frequency of social VR use by children under 13 and current use of, and future aspirations for, child protection interventions. Compared to non-parent adults, parents familiar with social VR propose lower minimum ages and are more likely to allow social VR without supervision. Adult users experience immaturity from children in social VR, while children face abuse, encounter age-inappropriate behaviours and self-disclose to adults. We present directions to enhance the safety of social VR through pre-planned controls, real-time oversight, post-event insight and the need for evidence-based guidelines to support parents and platforms around age-appropriate interventions.

Parental Views on Digital Device Use of Primary School Students

This research aims to examine parents' views on their primary school-aged children's use of digital devices. The study was designed in a descriptive phenomenology pattern. Thus, the data in the research were collected through semi-structured interviews, which is one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of the analysis, three main categories were created: “Parental Views on Digital Device Use, Parental Mediation in Digital Device Use, and Parental Awareness of Digital Device Use”. The results drew attention to the fact that parents control the time their children spend with digital devices, as well as the need for time limitation and supervision in the digital media. Additionally, the results revealed that the parents allow their children to visit websites that they believe are safe to spend time on digital devices for learning purposes. The findings of this study are anticipated to alert parents of primary school-aged children to the importance of giving their children quality time on digital media while keeping them safe.

Penyuluhan Tentang Dampak Positif Penggunaan Gadget Bagi Anak Usia Dini

The Golden Age period is for children aged 0-6 years, where during this period children's development develops rapidly and must develop well, this is because during this period children have potential in something and have a very great curiosity. It is seen that children often wonder about what they see. The use of gadgets, especially smartphones and tablets in early childhood, has now become a public concern. The reason is, gadgets have become a necessity for society and even children. Gadgets are technology that have very interesting applications and features, such as games and videos that children really like. Most parents do not pay attention to and regulate their children's use of gadgets and sometimes parents do not realize that their children are addicted to gadgets. This outreach aims to provide knowledge to parents and teachers that if the use of gadgets is carried out with supervision and used properly it will have a positive impact which is very useful for children's development, be it physical, emotional and intelligence development

Rationalising Optimal Dosing of Phytotherapeutics For Use In Children: Current Status - Potential Solutions - Actions Needed.

"Children are not small adults with respect to the treatment with medicinal products." This statement of the WHO was the basis for the initiative of the European Commission for the establishment of a paediatric regulation in 2007 to improve the health of children by facilitating the development of medicines for children and adolescents. Seventeen years later, in the field of herbal medicinal products, results are still sobering. Therefore, the Foundation Plants for Health, Society for Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research, and German Society for Phytotherapy organised a symposium to assess the status quo for the paediatric use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs), to analyse the causes of the current situation, and to discuss strategies for establishing the proof of safe and efficacious HMPs for children.The current situation for HMPs and their use in children is not fulfilling the requirements of legislation. HMPs in paediatrics are effective and safe, but considering the needs of children is necessary. In European countries, the use, registration, and marketing of HMPs are different, depending on the respective national regulations and specific traditions. EU herbal monographs are the best common denominator for such procedures. Emerging safety discussions must be considered. New approaches with real-world data might be a solution. The regulatory framework is to be adapted. Defining rationalised dosing for HMPs can be achieved by the extrapolation of data from adults, by using existing clinical data for children, and by using RWD. Therefore, a strong need for revising restrictions for the use of HMPs in children and rationalising defined dosage regimes is obvious.

Presence of hazardous chemical elements in low-cost children's toys: A risk to their development in early childhood

ObjectivesThe objectives of the current study was to study the presence of hazardous chemical elements (Ba138, Cd111, Cr52, Pb208, As75, Co59, Cu63, Mn55, Ni60, Se82, Sr88, Zn66 and Hg202) in low-cost children's toys, and the effect of color types on chemical element concentrations. MethodsChildren's toy samples were analyzed using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) method. Samples were prepared into small pieces, and 500 mg of homogenized sample was used for digestion by means of digesting regents HNO3 (65 %, 5 mL) and H2O2 (35 %, 1 mL). During the digestion process, the pressure was held constant at 90 bar and the temperature, hold time, and power were varied 150–170-40° C, 10–30-5 min, 70–90-0 %, respectively. The main operating conditions of ICP/MS were: spray chamber temperature (−20 °C), RF Power (1450 W), nebulizer gas flow (0.9 L/min), auxiliary gas flow (0.8 L/min) and plasma gas flow (14.85 L/min). Samples and blanks were analyzed for 30 s and system was operated in standard mode. ResultsThe excellent method performance was achieved in terms of limit of detection (LOD, 0.001–14.89 µg/L); limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.003–45.12 µg/L); correlation coefficient (R2, 0.975–0.999) with relative standard deviation values (RSD, 0.70–4.98 %). Chemical elements were found in all the toys (0.01–742.72 ng/g) except sample S2 where only Hg202 was found (0.01 ng/g). Outcomes revealed that the Hg202 was present at a very low level (0.01 ng/g) while Zn66 was present at very high level (742.72 ng/g). Furthermore, the toys contamination was also found to be color-specific, with significant amount of chemical elements was found in black type car sample (S5, 946.98 ng/g) whereas other color type samples constitute lower amounts (0.001–210.53 ng/g). Low-cost toys designed for children's use are found to contain chemical elements that should be addressed in the course of action. As a result of exposure to high amounts of chemical elements in toys, children have a high chance of developing cancer.

Musical instrument classifier for early childhood percussion instruments.

While the musical instrument classification task is well-studied, there remains a gap in identifying non-pitched percussion instruments which have greater overlaps in frequency bands and variation in sound quality and play style than pitched instruments. In this paper, we present a musical instrument classifier for detecting tambourines, maracas and castanets, instruments that are often used in early childhood music education. We generated a dataset with diverse instruments (e.g., brand, materials, construction) played in different locations with varying background noise and play styles. We conducted sensitivity analyses to optimize feature selection, windowing time, and model selection. We deployed and evaluated our best model in a mixed reality music application with 12 families in a home setting. Our dataset was comprised of over 369,000 samples recorded in-lab and 35,361 samples recorded with families in a home setting. We observed the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) model to perform best using an approximate 93 ms window with only 12 mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and signal entropy. Our best LGBM model was observed to perform with over 84% accuracy across all three instrument families in-lab and over 73% accuracy when deployed to the home. To our knowledge, the dataset compiled of 369,000 samples of non-pitched instruments is first of its kind. This work also suggests that a low feature space is sufficient for the recognition of non-pitched instruments. Lastly, real-world deployment and testing of the algorithms created with participants of diverse physical and cognitive abilities was also an important contribution towards more inclusive design practices. This paper lays the technological groundwork for a mixed reality music application that can detect children's use of non-pitched, percussion instruments to support early childhood music education and play.

Drivers of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Use in Children

Drivers of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Use in Children

Discordance Between Psychiatric Diagnoses and Medication Use in Children and Adults With Autism Presenting in Crisis.

Autistic individuals experience high rates of behavioral crises that present to healthcare providers for medication management. Co-occurring psychiatric conditions and psychotropic medication use are common among this patient population. Particularly for those with limited expressive language, evaluating for the presence of psychiatric and medical conditions that could contribute to distress is a critical component of crisis management. A records review study was completed on 126 autistic individuals for whom medical decision-making support was requested from The Huntsman Mental Health Institute Neurobehavior Consultation Service. Crisis manifestations and historical information were provided by the parent or caregiver through an online questionnaire. Nearly all individuals presented with behavioral (96.8%) and emotional (96.8%) symptoms; 97.6% received at least one co-occurring psychiatric diagnosis. Additionally, 75.4% of parents or caregivers endorsed the presence of a medical condition that they believed could be contributing to the crisis presentation. Most individuals (92.1%) were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication; 69.8% were taking an antipsychotic, suggesting a history of treatment resistance. The alignment between psychotropic medications and psychiatric diagnoses was evaluated in the context of prior studies and reviews on psychiatric management in autistic and neurotypical populations. Several individuals were taking a combination of medications that included both indicated and contraindicated medications for the psychiatric disorder diagnosed, likely contributing to treatment resistance. Identifying discordance between psychotropic medication use and psychiatric conditions present offers an opportunity to pursue better treatment outcomes for autistic individuals, particularly for those experiencing treatment-resistant agitation.

Caregiver confidence in and preferences for a self-report measure of their child's rehabilitation service use following traumatic brain injury: A qualitative descriptive study

Caregiver confidence in and preferences for a self-report measure of their child's rehabilitation service use following traumatic brain injury: A qualitative descriptive study

Parental Education and Gadget Knowledge: Their Impact on Gadget Use Behavior in Children Aged 5-6 Years

This study investigates the relationship between parental education levels, gadget knowledge, and the gadget use behavior of children aged 5-6 years. Using a quantitative correlational research methodology, data were collected via a structured questionnaire from 168 parents across Indonesia. The questionnaire assessed parental education, knowledge of gadget use, and children's gadget use behavior. Results showed no significant correlation between parents' education levels and children's gadget use behavior. However, a low positive correlation was identified between parents' gadget knowledge and children's gadget use behavior. This suggests that parents with higher gadget knowledge can more effectively manage their children's gadget use. This finding underscores the importance of enhancing parental understanding of digital technology to foster healthier gadget use among young children. Limitations of the study include reliance on self-reported data and a predominantly maternal sample, which may only partially represent the broader population. Additionally, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits the ability to conclude long-term effects. Future research should involve more diverse samples, consider additional variables such as socio-economic status and cultural factors, and employ longitudinal designs to explore the long-term impacts of parental gadget knowledge on children's development. These steps are essential to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing children's gadget use behavior and to inform strategies aimed at promoting healthier digital habits among young children.

Factors Associated with Insured Children's Use of Physician Visits, Dentist Visits, Hospital Care, and Prescribed Medications in the United States: An Application of Behavioral Model of Health-Services Use.

This study is the first to examine factors in the utilization of physician services, dentist services, hospital care, and prescribed medications focusing exclusively on insured children in the United States. Data describing 48,660 insured children were extracted from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health. Children in the present sample were covered by private health insurance, public health insurance, or other health insurance. Logistic regression results showed self-reported health to be negatively associated with physician visits, hospital-care use, and prescription use, but teeth condition to be positively associated with dentist visits. Physician visits were associated negatively with age, Hispanic ethnicity, Asian ethnicity, family income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level, and other health insurance, but positively with parental education and metropolitan residency. Dentist visits were associated positively with girls, age, and parental education, but negatively with Asian ethnicity and public health insurance. Use of hospital care was associated negatively with age and Asian ethnicity, but positively with parental education and public health insurance. Use of prescriptions was associated positively with age, Black ethnicity, parental education, and public health insurance, but negatively with Hispanic ethnicity, Asian ethnicity, and family income at or below 200% of the federal poverty level. Implications included the expansion of public health insurance, promotion of awareness of medicine discount programs, and understanding of racial/ethnic minorities' cultural beliefs in health and treatment.

Association between the use of mobile touchscreen devices and the quality of parent-child interaction in preschoolers

The early use of mobile touchscreen devices (MTSDs), including smartphones and tablets, may reduce the frequency and quality of social interactions between children and parents, which could impact their relationship and have negative consequences on children's socio-cognitive development. In this study, we applied a parental questionnaire and a behavioral observational method in a laboratory setting (free and structured play sessions) to examine the association between preschool MTSD use and the quantity and quality of parent–child relationships. Our findings revealed that preschoolers who regularly use MTSDs (n = 47, aged 4–7 years, engaging in MTSD use for at least 2 h per week) are spending less time with their parents and exhibited lower quality interactions compared to non-users (n = 25). However, shared offline leisure time with parents serves as a protective factor among MTSD-users. Furthermore, our study demonstrated a positive association between parents' and children's media use. The results suggest that preschool MTSD use may have unfavorable effects on parent–child interactions, both in terms of quantity and quality. Alternatively, lower quantity and quality of parent–child interaction may lead to higher MTSD use in the child. Based on the results, the importance of engaging in sufficient offline family interactions besides digital media use should be emphasized to parents of preschoolers, and health organizations and governments should include this in their recommendations and policies concerning childhood digital media use.