Use Of Bismuth Research Articles

Bismuth as a buffer layer for metal contact with silicon carbide studied by In situ photoelectron spectroscopy

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising third-generation semiconductor due to its wide bandgap. However, the high Schottky barrier and metal-induced gap states (MIGS) at the metal/SiC interface present significant challenges for device fabrication, leading to high contact resistance and poor current delivery. This study proposes the use of bismuth (Bi), with its semimetallic properties and gap-state saturation effect, as a contact buffer layer to address these issues. We conducted a systematic investigation of the chemical and electronic characteristics of the Pt/Bi/4H-SiC(0001) system, fabricated via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Our findings reveal weak bonding between the Bi buffer layer and the 4H-SiC(0001) surface, resulting in a slight downward band bending effect and the formation of a substantial dipole across the Bi/4H-SiC(0001) interface. Moreover, UPS spectra indicate a reduction in the work function of Pt/Bi/4H-SiC(0001), suggesting the potential for achieving low contact resistance. Notably, the Pt/Bi/4H-SiC(0001) system remains stable when exposed to 1.6×109 Langmuir of oxygen at room temperature, while a bare Bi buffer layer undergoes partial oxidation. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the Pt/Bi/4H-SiC(0001) interfaces and strategies for improving metal/SiC contacts.

Bismuth(III) triflate: an economical and environmentally friendly catalyst for the Nazarov reaction.

We describe the use of bismuth(III) triflate as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst for the Nazarov reaction of aryl vinyl ketones, leading to the synthesis of 3-aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-indanones and 3-aryl-1-indanones. By changing the temperature and reaction time, it was possible to modulate the reactivity, allowing the synthesis of two distinct product classes (3-aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-indanones and 3-aryl-1-indanones) in good to excellent yield. The reaction did not require additives and was insensitive to both air and moisture. Preliminary biological evaluation of some indanones showed a promising profile against some human cancer line cells.

Bismuth add-on improves the efficacy of 2-week tegoprazan-based triple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a real-world evidence study

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bismuth added to a 2-week triple therapy consisting of tegoprazan (TPZ), amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication. Research design and methods We reviewed the retrospective data of patients who received a 2-week TPZ-based triple therapy with or without 300 mg bismuth twice daily. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate of adding bismuth to the TPZ-based triple regimen (TAC-B group), compared to no bismuth added (TAC group). Results In total, 306 and 256 patients were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. The eradication success rates were significantly higher in the TAC-B group than in the TAC group (ITT, 82.9% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.029; PP, 95.8% vs. 87.5%, p = 0.027, respectively). The adherence rate to the eradication regimen was 100% in the TAC-B group and 97.0% in the TAC group. The adverse drug event rate in the TAC-B group was comparable to that in the TAC group (29.2% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.742). No use of bismuth was significantly associated with eradication failure (p = 0.038). Conclusions The bismuth add-on increased the first-line H. pylori eradication rate of 2-week TPZ-based triple therapy. Clinical trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT05453994.

Qualifying Bismuth Plug Technology in Mozambique

_ Over the past 10 years, bismuth plugs have been used more often to solve complex downhole integrity issues and to permanently abandon wells, both on and offshore. As bismuth technology is relatively new to the market, it often needs to be qualified in-country before use on a larger scale. This is a significant barrier to the adoption of new technologies in general within the industry and not unique to the use of bismuth as a permanent sealing barrier. Bismuth and bismuth-based alloys have unique properties that allow them to be used as a sealing material that has the potential to change the industry. It has a specific gravity of 10 which means it is 10 times denser than water. In molten form it can displace any fluid in the wellbore. Not only is it dense but in its molten form it also has a viscosity like water, which means it can flow easily and through perforations, cracks, crevices, or any micro annuli without the need of any pumping equipment. The most interesting property however is its ability to expand on solidification. BiSN uses proprietary thermite heaters to melt bismuth-based alloys downhole, which then flow into the annulus through perforations or section milled windows taking the shape of volume they are filling up. The alloy on solidification then expands (like ice) which creates the gas-tight seal against the surface it is expanding. These alloys not only create a solid mechanical barrier but are also highly corrosion resistant to H2S, CO2, acids, and other wellbore fluid that might be present, thereby creating a barrier that can last forever or be classified as “eternal.” Compared to existing traditional sealing technologies, a bismuth plug requires a significantly shorter seal, resulting in less materials, section milling, and time needed for deployment. For example, a traditional cement plug might need to be hundreds of feet in length where a bismuth plug can be set at as little as 6 ft. Field Test—Context, Challenges, and Methodology In May 2023, BiSN was contracted to fulfill a rigless plug and abandonment (P&A) campaign for Sasol in Mozambique. Before proceeding, BiSN and Sasol worked together on a well in Mozambique to qualify BiSN bismuth technology as a permanent abandonment solution in the country. The well chosen for the seal test had several complicating factors including the need to set the seal in open hole through perforations and the thin caprocks located in the region. The overall goal of the field test was to isolate gas-bearing silt from shallower formations by forming an effective seal. To accomplish this, the bismuth plug was required to be set with a 10-m shale window identified by Sasol as a suitable location to set a regional seal to essentially restore the caprock. Previous explorations had revealed areas of patchy cement from earlier P&A attempts.

Bi Nanosheets on Porous Carbon Cloth Composites for Ultrastable Flexible Nickel-Bismuth Batteries.

The use of bismuth (Bi) as an anode material in nickel-metal batteries has gained significant attention due to its highly reversible redox reaction and suitable operating conditions. However, the cycling stability and flexibility of nickel-bismuth (Ni//Bi) batteries need to be further improved. This paper employs a facile electrodeposition technique to prepare Bi nanosheets uniformly grown on a porous carbon cloth (PCC), denoted as Bi-PCC electrodes. The Bi-PCC electrode portrays a specific surface area and good wettability that enable fast charge transfer and ion transport channels. Consequently, the Bi-PCC electrode demonstrates a high specific capacity of up to 297.1 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1, with a capacity retention of up to 71.5% at 2-40 A g-1 and an impressive capacity retention of 79.9% after 1000 cycles at 2-40 A g-1. More importantly, the flexible rechargeable Ni//Bi battery (denoted as Ni(OH)2-PCC//Bi-PCC) with Bi-PCC as the anode and Ni(OH)2-PCC as the cathode has excellent electrochemical performance. The Ni(OH)2-PCC//Bi-PCC battery boasts a remarkable capacity retention of 93.6% after 3000 cycles at 10 A g-1. Further, the cell presents a maximum energy density of 73.1 Wh kg-1 and an impressive power density of 11.9 kW kg-1.

Alpine-ice record of bismuth pollution implies a major role of military use during World War II

Military conflicts result in local environmental damage, but documenting regional and larger scale impacts such as heavy metal pollution has proven elusive. Anthropogenic emissions of bismuth (Bi) include coal burning and various commodity productions but no emission estimates over the past century exist. Here we used Bi measurements in ice cores from the French Alps to show evidence of regional-scale Bi pollution concurrent with the Spanish Civil War and World War II. Tracers of the main sources of Bi emissions measured in the same ice—coal-burning, steel- and aluminum-industry, alloy and other metal processing—indicate a major, previously undocumented additional emissions source that we attribute to military activities between 1935 and 1945 Common Era (CE) in western Europe. These include the use of bismuth for low-melting point alloys for shells, thin-walled aluminum alloy aircraft oil, and munitions.

Controlled Synthesis of Tellurium Nanowires.

One-dimensional tellurium nanostructures can exhibit distinct electronic properties from those seen in bulk Te. The electronic properties of nanostructured Te are highly dependent on their morphology, and thus controlled synthesis processes are required. Here, highly crystalline tellurium nanowires were produced via physical vapour deposition. We used growth temperature, heating rate, flow of the carrier gas, and growth time to control the degree of supersaturation in the region where Te nanostructures are grown. The latter leads to a control in the nucleation and morphology of Te nanostructures. We observed that Te nanowires grow via the vapour-solid mechanism where a Te particle acts as a seed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction studies revealed that Te nanowires have a trigonal crystal structure and grow along the (0001) direction. Their diameter can be tuned from 26 to 200 nm with lengths from 8.5 to 22 μm, where the highest aspect ratio of 327 was obtained for wires measuring 26 nm in diameter and 8.5 μm in length. We investigated the use of bismuth as an additive to reduce the formation of tellurium oxides, and we discuss the effect of other growth parameters.

Efficacy and safety of high-dose esomeprazole-amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori rescue treatment: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Background:High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and amoxicillin has attracted widespread attention due to its favorable efficacy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose PPI–amoxicillin dual therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for H. pylori rescue treatment.Methods:This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority trial. Patients recruited from eight centers who had failed previous treatment were randomly (1:1) allocated to two eradication groups: HDDT (esomeprazole 40 mg and amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily; the HDDT group) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole 40 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 220 mg, and furazolidone 100 mg twice daily, combined with tetracycline 500 mg three times daily; the tetracycline, furazolidone, esomeprazole, and bismuth [TFEB] group) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate. The secondary endpoints were adverse effects, symptom improvement rates, and patient compliance.Results:A total of 658 patients who met the criteria were enrolled in this study. The HDDT group achieved eradication rates of 75.4% (248/329), 81.0% (248/306), and 81.3% (248/305) asdetermined by the intention-to-treat (ITT), modified intention-to-treat (MITT), and per-protocol (PP) analyses, respectively. The eradication rates were similar to those in the TFEB group: 78.1% (257/329), 84.2% (257/305), and 85.1% (257/302). The lower 95% confidence interval boundary (−9.19% in the ITT analysis, − 9.21% in the MITT analysis, and −9.73% in the PP analysis) was greater than the predefined non-inferiority margin of −10%, establishing a non-inferiority of the HDDT group vs. the TFEB group. The incidence of adverse events in the HDDT group was significantly lower than that in the TFEB group (11.1% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.001). Symptom improvement rates and patients’ compliance were similar between the two groups.Conclusions:Fourteen-day HDDT is non-inferior to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, with fewer adverse effects and good treatment compliance, suggesting HDDT as an alternative for H. pylori rescue treatment in the local region.Trial registration:Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04678492.

Bismuth(III) Forms Exceptionally Strong Complexes with Natural Organic Matter.

The use of bismuth in the society has steadily increased during the last decades, both as a substitute for lead in hunting ammunition and various metallurgical applications, as well as in a range of consumer products. At the same time, the environmental behavior of bismuth is largely unknown. Here, the binding of bismuth(III) to organic soil material was investigated using extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) and batch experiments. Moreover, the capacity of suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA) to enhance the solubility of metallic bismuth was studied in a long-term (2 years) equilibration experiment. Bismuth(III) formed exceptionally strong complexes with the organic soil material, where >99% of the added bismuth(III) was bound by the solid phase, even at pH 1.2. EXAFS data suggest that bismuth(III) was bound to soil organic matter as a dimeric Bi3+ complex where one carboxylate bridges two Bi3+ ions, resulting in a unique structural stability. The strong binding to natural organic matter was verified for SRFA, dissolving 16.5 mmol Bi per gram carbon, which largely exceeds the carboxylic acid group density of this compound. Our study shows that bismuth(III) will most likely be associated with natural organic matter in soils, sediments, and waters.

The bi-band bismuth microelectrode: Design, properties and application

The easily-operated and environmentally friendly, reusable voltammetric sensor combining the advantages of both micro- and macroelectrodes – the bi-band bismuth microelectrode (b-BBimE) is presented for the first time. The original arrangement of the microelectrodes on the lateral surface of the sensor body facilitates its preparation, use and, most importantly, ensures the spherical stream of depolarizer transport to the electrodes. The active surface of the sensor consists of two symmetrical and oppositely located bismuth micro-bands, each 25 µm thick and 5 mm long.The use of bismuth as an electrode material enables a wide range of b-BBimE's applications. Excellent reproducibility of results, stability of operation, a wide range of useful potentials and linearity of sensor response were achieved by short-term (5 s) activation at the potential of hydrogen evolution reaction. The advantages of the sensor were documented with voltammetric determination of Eu3+ ions, riboflavin (vitamin B2), and folic acid (vitamin B9) under previously optimized conditions. The calculated RSD values for three concentrations of Eu3+ from the linearity range of the method did not exceed 5% (n = 3) for short-term reproducibility and 6% for long-term reproducibility (13 days, n = 10).

Use of Bismuth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Aim. An evidence review on use of bismuth in irritable bowel syndrome.Key points. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder significantly impacting the quality of life and social status, i.a., through frequent manifestations of diarrhea. Postinfectious IBS emerges after a bacterial, pro-tozoan or viral intestinal disease. The new coronavirus pandemic supposedly affects most factors involved in functional disorder developments and may serve a fuelling cause of postinfectious IBS. Bismuth salts accumulate cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Therapeutic efficacy of bismuth compounds has been demonstrated in treatment of diarrhea-accompanied diseases of various etiology, including postinfectious IBS. The use of therapeutic-dosed bismuth preparations is safe and well tolerated by patients.Conclusion. Use of bismuth may be considered a treatment and prevention approach in diarrhea-predominant IBS, both in monotherapy and combined regimens.

MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS USING ECOLOGICALLY CLEAN ELECTRODES

The review article presents the achievements of stripping voltammetry with modified environmentally friendly carbon-containing electrodes in environmental monitoring of the environment. The main objective of the research was the complete elimination of toxic mercury from the analytical procedure and its replacement with modifiers, which include bismuth, hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, ionic liquids, chitosan, materials based on plant and animal cells, as well as their composites with graphite. The issues of development creating microchips with the use of screen printing technologies for solving problems of microtechnology and innovative technologies in the manufacture of microelectrodes that allow analysis in microvolumes of samples are considered. Examples of the use of bismuth and hydroxyapatite modified screen-printed electrodes in the analysis of heavy toxic metals in environmental objects are given. Screen-printed electrodes allow the use of portable systems for real-time analysis, and the automation of their production process makes them more versatile for routine use at low costs, which, in turn, allows their disposal use, especially in demand for non-invasive medical diagnostics.

Determination of Trace Bismuth in Environmental Waters by ICP‐MS with Cobalt Ion‐Assisted Photochemical Vapour Generation

With increasing use of bismuth in industry, a better understanding of its environmental behaviour is required, including an improved knowledge of its background concentration range in (non‐saline) freshwaters. However, the poor analytical sensitivity of previous methods may lead to inaccurate measurement results for Bi3+ in environmental samples. In this work, cobalt ion‐assisted photochemical vapour generation (PVG) was developed for the detection of trace Bi with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) measurement. The volatile species of Bi was found to be (CH3)3Bi generated under UV irradiation in the presence of formic acid, acetic acid and Co2+. The major parameters potentially influencing the detection of Bi were investigated. Under optimised conditions, the limit of detection (3s, n = 11) of the proposed method was 0.3 ng l−1. The analytical sensitivity was enhanced about 70‐fold for Bi3+ compared with that using classic pneumatic nebulisation of ICP‐MS. Furthermore, the proposed method showed better analytical sensitivity and anti‐interference ability towards co‐existing ions compared with ferric ion‐assisted PVG systems. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analysis of environmental water samples and certified reference materials with satisfactory results.

Effects of solidification thermal parameters and Bi doping on silicon size, morphology and mechanical properties of Al-15wt.% Si-3.2wt.% Bi and Al-18wt.% Si-3.2wt.% Bi alloys

The use of bismuth (Bi) in aluminum (Al) industries is recognized as prime importance because of possible recycling as alloying element in special applications such as those enhancing machinability. The effects of Bi interaction on solidification progress as well as on the resulting microstructure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, i.e. the morphology and size of Si crystals are rare information. As such, the present research work investigates the characteristic parameters of eutectic and primary Si with addition of Bi for both ternary Al-15 wt.%Si- 3.2 wt.%Bi and Al-18 wt.%Si- 3.2 wt.%Bi alloys samples directionally solidified (DS) under various cooling rates. The alloy containing 15 wt.%Si showed that Bi acts in the suppression of the growth of primary Si crystals for samples solidified at cooling rates ranging from 2.0 to 31 K/s. For lower rates, a minor fraction of five-fold branched Si was recognized in transverse specimens. A mixture of globular-fibrous eutectic Si is shown to occur for eutectic cooling rates higher than 5 K/s. The Al-18 wt.%Si- 3.2 wt.%Bi alloy is characterized by a mixed structure of eutectic flaky Si and primary angular Si with intersecting spines at nearly 90º all over the entire range of experimental cooling rates (i.e., from 0.4 to 40 K/s). Despite the intricacy of the formed microstructures, it was possible to establish relationships between tensile properties and eutectic Si spacing in order to compare the properties between the tested alloys. Tensile strength and elongation decrease with increasing alloy Si content.

Fundamental Insights into Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Production with a Hole-Transport Bismuth Metal-Organic Framework.

Solar fuels production is a cornerstone in the development of emerging sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies. Light-induced H2 production from water represents one of the most crucial challenges to produce renewable fuel. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are being investigated in this process, due to the ability to assemble new structures with the use of suitable photoactive building blocks. However, the identification of the reaction intermediates remains elusive, having negative impacts in the design of more efficient materials. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new MOF prepared with the use of bismuth and dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (DTTDC), an electron-rich linker with hole transport ability. By combining theoretical studies and time-resolved spectroscopies, such as core hole clock and laser flash photolysis measurements, we have completed a comprehensive study at different time scales (fs to ms) to determine the effect of competitive reactions on the overall H2 production. We detect the formation of an intermediate radical anion upon reaction of photogenerated holes with an electron donor, which plays a key role in the photoelectrocatalytic processes. These results shed new light on the use of MOFs for solar fuel production.

Magnesium-Bismuth System: Thermodynamic Properties and Prospects for Use in Magnesium-Ion Batteries

Along with large-scale studies of promising electrode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, in the past 10–15 years there has been interest in rechargeable batteries with magnesium anode and in magnesium-ion batteries. Bismuth shows promise as a material for the negative electrode of magnesium-ion batteries. The review summarizes the data on the thermodynamic properties of magnesium-bismuth alloys and on possible use of bismuth or bismuth alloys in magnesium-ion batteries.

Technology Focus: Cementing and Zonal Isolation (May 2019)

Technology Focus Cementing and zonal isolation are critical through the life cycle of the well. As I read through the cementing papers that were presented this year, I observed discussions on cementing and zonal isolation during drilling, completion, and abandonment activities. I am encouraged that we, as an industry, continue to refine and tweak our practices to solve zonal-isolation and cementing challenges in every well environment in which we work. Numerous papers not included here target improving cementing applications. Discussions about the mitigation of losses, low-density slurries, foam-cement slurries, spacer design, centralizer programs, expanding agents, flexible cement, and the management of narrow pressure margins are spread throughout SPE conferences. As cementing techniques are improved, so, too, are the cement-evaluation methods and work flows. The proof of zonal isolation is important to many, including resource owners, operators, regulators, land owners, and other stakeholders. As we drill longer extended-reach and horizontal wells, we continue the quest for zonal isolation using new technologies. Paper SPE 191561 discusses the mitigation of mud channels in horizontal wells drilled with nonaqueous drilling fluids. Academia has been experimenting and investigating placement practices. Recommended additional reading paper SPE 191989 explores the balance of buoyancy and eccentricity in both regular and irregular geometries. Another technology that is becoming more prevalent is the use of managed-pressure drilling, which leads to the need to understand managed-pressure cementing (MPC). Recommended additional reading paper SPE 191344 provides a case study for the use of MPC in both riserless mud recovery and con-trolled mud level applications. Abandonment is the final zonal-isolation activity in the well life cycle. The application of alternate materials continues to be discussed in all of our conferences. Paper SPE 193118 demonstrates the use of bismuth and thermite as an abandonment material. Paper SPE 191607 discusses the activation (and proof) of shales for zonal isolation. And finally, recommended additional reading paper SPE 191335 provides insight into the ultimate objective of cement-plug integrity. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org . SPE 191989 Displacement Efficiency for Primary Cementing of Washout Sections in Highly Deviated Wells by Alondra Renteria, University of British Columbia, et al. SPE 191335 Cement Plug Hydraulic Integrity—The Ultimate Objective of Cement Plug Integrity by Axel-Pierre Bois, CURISTEC, et al. SPE 191344 Experience Using Managed-Pressure Cementing Techniques With Riserless Mud Recovery and Controlled Mud Level in the Barents Sea by E. Claudey, Enhanced Drilling, et al. SPE 193965 Caprock Restoration in Well Abandonment: Fit-for-Purpose Well-Abandonment Design Through Work Flow Optimization and Integrated Assessment by Jing Zhi Kueh, Petronas, et al.

Analysis of thyroid absorbed dose in cervical CT scan with the use of bismuth shielding

The Computed Tomography (CT) has become an important tool to diagnose cancer and to obtain additional information for different clinical questions. Today, it is a very fast, painless and noninvasive test that can be performed high quality images. However, CT scan usually requires a higher radiation exposure dose than a conventional radiography examination. The aim of this study is to determine the dose variation deposited in thyroid and in nearby radiosensitive organs, such as: lenses, pharynx, hypophysis, salivary gland and spinal cord with and without the use of bismuth shielded. A cervical CT scan was performed on anthropomorphic male phantom model Alderson Rando, using a GE scanner, Discovery model with 64 channels. Dose measurements have been performed by using radiochromic film strips to register the individual doses in the organs of interest. The results show us that the thyroid received the highest dose, 24.70 mGy, in the phantom, according to the incidence of the primary X-ray beam.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2017.

This review summarizes important studies regarding Helicobacter pylori therapy published from April 2016 to April 2017. The main themes that emerge involve studies assessing the efficacy of bismuth and nonbismuth quadruple regimens. While in recent years, much of the emphasis on the use of bismuth has focussed on its utility in a second-line setting, an increasing number of studies this year have shown excellent efficacy in first-line therapy. The efficacy of bismuth as a second-line after sequential and concomitant therapy was particularly noteworthy. Antibiotic resistance was more intensely studied this year than for a long time, and definite trends are presented regarding an increase in resistance, including the fact that clarithromycin resistance in particular is now at a level where the continued use of clarithromycin triple therapy first-line as a mainstream treatment is not recommended. Another exciting trend to emerge this year is the utility of vonoprazan as an alternative to PPI therapy, especially in resistant and difficult-to-treat groups.

Refining of Rough Indium by Method of Reactionary Electrolysis

Electro-refining of rough indium by method of reactionary electrolysis from the chloride solutions containing InCl3 was carried out. The research of ionization of rough and modified indium anodes showed a decrease in an overvoltage of dissolution of indium when using the anodes containing bismuth. The values of the activation energy of the ionization stage of rough to 7.3 kJ / mole and the indium anodes modified by bismuth with 5- and 10-fold excess of depressor in relation to the total content of impurities, amounted to 5.6 and 3.7 kJ / mole, respectively. Results of the analysis of the refined indium by ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods showed that use of bismuth as a depressor additive allowed reducing impurity (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, As, Tl) level to 1.1 ppm.