Use Of Apology Strategies Research Articles

REALIZATION OF APOLOGY STRATEGIES BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF PEKALONGAN UNIVERSITY

This study is meant to find out the apology strategies, to investigate the development strategies from the lowest to the highest semester students, and to explain how the pragmatic transfer interferes the apology strategis used by English Department students of Pekalongan University. This study used a qualitative descriptive design and written discourse completion tasks were employed to obtain the data. As a subject study, ten students were taken from each semester, so there were forty students overall. In analyzing the data, the students’ apologies were analyzed by using Holmes classification. The findings reveal that an explicit expression of apology, in particular, the strategy of expressing regret, is the most frequent apology strategy. Alerter and explanation are also used extensively. There is development of the use of apology strategies from the lowest to the highest semester students. With pragmatic transfer, pragma-linguistic transfer is dominated by linguistic features changing from Indonesian language to English, whereas the socio-pragmatic transfer is more dominated by a socio-culture changing from Indonesian to English, making it unacceptable in English language context.

The Use of Apology Strategies by Iraqi EFL Learners

Apology is an expressive illocutionary act. It is a social act, the goal of which is to maintain harmony between the speaker and hearer. To perform the act of 'apologizing', the offender who perceives the need to apologize should employ certain strategies of apology: opting out, evasive strategies, direct strategies and indirect ones. This study aims at categorizing the types and percentages of the strategies used in performing the speech act of 'apologizing' by Iraqi EFL learners of English as a foreign language. It also attempts at pointing out the breakdowns committed in using these strategies. To this end, the discourse completion test was practiced to twenty-five participants of Iraqi EFL learners of English as a foreign language. The findings after analyzing their responses reveal that Iraqi EFL learners of English as a foreign language lack knowledge for most of the strategies of apology .

A cross-cultural comparison of apologies by native speakers of American English and Jordanian Arabic

This study investigates the apology strategies used by the speakers of American English and Jordanian Arabic. The various strategies used by the two groups, in addition to the causes of any potential differences, constitute the crux of the analysis. American and Jordanian respondents have been found to differ in their use of apology strategies. Differences involve using several manifestations of explicit apology among other less explicit apology strategies. The authors further examined the differences between male and female respondents in both groups and found that there were more differences between Jordanian male and female respondents than between American male and female respondents, which may be attributed to the fact that there is a greater similarity between how boys and girls are raised in the U.S. than between how they are raised in Jordan.

Cross cultural pragmatics: Apology strategies in Sudanese Arabic

In the last two decades, many studies have been conducted to investigate speech act performance in general, and apology speech act in particular. This genus of research has focused on western languages. However, more recently a number of studies have been carried out in eastern languages, with only a few in Arabic language varieties. The underlying motivation of speech act studies is to outline the pragmatic rules that govern the use of language in different cultures and to show how findings can be used to facilitate communication between people from different socio-cultural backgrounds. This study is an attempt to outline the type and extent of use of apology strategies in Sudanese Arabic and hence shed light on the socio-cultural attitudes and values of this community. The corpus examined was 1082 responses to a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) that consisted of 10 different social situations of varying severity of offense, strength of social relationship and power between hypothetical speakers and hearers. The informants were 110 college educated adults in Khartoum, Sudan. The survey was written in Sudanese dialect to elicit responses that approximate verbal apologies that might be given in these situations. The corpus was analyzed to determine the strategies used and the frequencies of their use. Although this is a pioneering study in its societal context, results support earlier findings suggesting the universality of apology strategies; however, the selection of apology strategies in this study reinforces the culture-specific aspect of language use. Despite the fact that a more restricted classification of apology strategies was used as a model for analyzing the data, the results are expected to be conducive to cross-cultural comparisons.

An Investigation of the Use of Apology Strategies in English by the Taiwanese EFL College Students

The paper investigates Taiwanese college students' sociolinguistic competence in making apologies in English. The study includes six types of offence: social gaffe, space, talk, time, inconvenience, and possession. Apologies for twelve offence situations were elicited from fifty-two freshmen at an intermediate level of English. The results indicate that the majority of the elicited apologies were acceptable, with simple apologies dealing with the lighter offences and multiple apologies dealing with the heavier offences. However, there are still differences between the native and the nonnative apologies. For social gaffe, space, talk, time, and inconvenience, the native apologies relied heavily on Strategy A and combinations with All, whereas the nonnative apologies involved not only Strategy A and combinations with AB but also combinations with strategies other than A and 13. For possession, native apologies showed a heavy reliance on Strategy A, combinations of All, and combinations with A: whereas the normative apologies were mainly combinations containing AC. In relation to the severity of the offence, for light offences, the native apologies showed a heavy use of Strategy A and combinations of AB, whereas the nonnative apologies showed a heavy use of Strategy A and combinations with All or AC. For heavy offences, the native apologies made a heavy use of Strategy A and combinations with A and other types of combinations, whereas the nonnative apologies made a heavy use of Strategy A and combinations with AB or AC. The paper ends with a number of pedagogical implications.