AbstractThis is a prospective multicentre study on patients undergoing Caesarean section, to compare the use of antibiotics in surgery, in four selected countries. Patients admitted within a 6‐month period in each centre were included. Study days were 6 days a month and were taken randomly from all working days in a month. Antibiotic use was recorded pre‐ and post‐operatively. The most commonly used antibiotic in all countries was ampicillin, except in China. Mode of the number of antibiotics used as prophylactic was 1 in India and Nepal, 2 in China and 3 in Indonesia. Duration of antibiotic(s) use was 7–8 days in all countries. Antibiotic prophylaxis for Caesarean section was used improperly, especially in respect to the number, duration and kind of antibiotic given.