Use In Various Industries Research Articles

Muscovite and ceramic pegmatite dumps in the Arctic regions of Karelia as a potential raw material for industrial use

mining enterprises in the Loukhsky region of the Republic of Karelia, rated as one of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study was to establish the rock composition of the dumps and identify the possibility of their use in various industries. It has been found that pegmatite dumps are mainly represented by quartz, microcline and plagioclase pegmatite, micas (muscovite, intergrowths of muscovite with biotite), overburden and host rocks (gneisses, gneiss granites, amphibolites, and gabbro). Quartz raw materials may be used to produce silicon carbide, as well as in the glass industry, in fine ceramics, welding consumables, silica refractory products, and investment casting. Plagioclase concentrate may be used to obtain low-temperature porcelain and coarse crushed plagioclase for the glass industry. Fine and crushed muscovite is used as a filler in the rubber industry, for coating arc welding electrodes, in the manufacture of paints and varnishes, plastics, paper, titaniummica pigments, and composite materials. The host rocks may be used to produce crushed stone. After proper additional processing, lump ceramic raw materials from the dumps of ceramic pegmatites may be used to obtain fine and construction-grade ceramics and in the glass industry. Pegmatite processing waste is suitable for the manufacture of decorative crushed stone and crushed stone for filling secondary roads. Further processing and subsequent use of pegmatite dumps allows organizing environmentally friendly mining operations and preserving the resource potential of the subsoil.The research was conducted under the financial support from the federal budget for the fulfillment of the state assignment set for the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (121040600172-1).

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Conformation, Ion Adsorption, Diffusion, and Water Structure of Soluble Polymers in Saline Solutions.

Polymers have interesting physicochemical characteristics such as charge density, functionalities, and molecular weight. Such attributes are of great importance for use in industrial purposes. Understanding how these characteristics are affected is still complex, but with the help of molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum calculations (QM), it is possible to understand the behavior of polymers at the molecular level with great consistency. This study was applied to polymers derived from polyacrylamide (PAM) due to its great use in various industries. The polymers studied include hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) (PAMPS), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene oxide polymer (PEO), and guar gum polysaccharide (GUAR). Each one has different attributes, which help in understanding the effects on the polymer and the medium in which it is applied along a broad spectrum. The results include the conformation, diffusion, ion condensation, the structure of the water around the polymer, and interatomic polymer interactions. Such characteristics are important to selecting a polymer depending on the environment in which it is found and its purpose. The effect caused by salinity is particular to each polymer, where polymers with an explicit charge or polyelectrolytes are more susceptible to changes due to salinity, increasing their coiling and reducing their mobility in solution. This naturally reduces its ability to form polymeric bridges due to having a polymer with a smaller gyration radius. In contrast, neutral polymers are less affected in their structure, making them favorable in media with high ionic charges.

СОЗДАНИЕ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ДАННЫХ КАК ОДИН ИЗ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ПО РАЗВИТИЮ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ УСЛУГ

The article provides an overview of studies by foreign authors in the field of formation and development of geographic spatial data, their use in various industries, considers the state and role of spatial data in the state policy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of providing electronic public services at this stage of society development. The existing spatial data of the state bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic were identified and their impact on the provision of electronic state services was analyzed, national concepts and programs for the development of national spatial data infrastructure are shown, technological, financial, and legal problems of data producers on integrating spatial data into a single geographic portal are considered. The analysis of normative legal acts related to the creation of a national infrastructure of spatial data, a geo-information portal is carried out, ways and methods of integrating spatial data are given

ОБЗОР КОНСТРУКЦИЙ МОБИЛЬНЫХ СТАНКОВ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ КРУПНОГАБАРИТНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ

The repair of large-sized products without a specialized repair facility is usually not available due to the impossibility of ensuring high accuracy when performing mechanical processing. Nevertheless, dismantling and moving large-sized items to the repair facility significantly increase the downtime of the equipment being repaired, or it is technically impossible to perform. Specialized machines that are used to repair large-sized items in such facilities are unique and expensive. They are heavily loaded and this can lead to various risks associated with the timing of the repair. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the time required for dismantling, moving and processing large-sized items. In this regard, the rejection of these operations in favor of the use of mobile machines will significantly reduce the time and cost of repairs of large equipment. The article discusses domestic and foreign achievements in the field of mobile machines and systems that are used for maintenance and machining of large-sized products on site without dismantling. A number of designs of specialized mobile machines for use in various industries are described.

The perspective of the use of artificial intelligence in the formation and control of modern and future urban areas

With the development of technologies and their introduction into everyday life, there is also the possibility of their professional use in various industries and structures. The AI system is a virtual assistant, whose development every year can create a perfect model of urban control and a virtual assistant in helping people with many routine tasks. This article describes the prospects for using AI and examples of its development.

Numerical analysis of porous flat plate solar collector under thermal radiation and hybrid nanoparticles using two-phase model

Solar collectors will play a very important role in absorbing solar renewable energy for use in various industries in the future of the world. This study looks at the resulting combination of using porous medium and hybrid nanofluids, in the presence of thermal radiation, on the thermo-hydrodynamic features, heat transfer, supply temperature, and hybrid nanoparticles’ distribution within a horizontal flat plate solar collector. The two-phase approach is considered for modelling. The migration of Ag-Al2O3 hybrid nanoparticles due to the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects was also taken into account. The set of governing equation was numerically solved employing the finite element method. The investigation is performed by reporting the roles of hybrid nanofluid concentration, porosity coefficient, Darcy number, Reynolds number, porous media to hybrid nanofluid thermal conductivity ratio, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, radiation parameter, and Schmidt number. The results indicate that The high values of porosity coefficient, radiation parameter, conductivity ratio, and thermophoretic parameter ameliorate thermophoresis effects, and therefore, a high concentration of nanoparticles was observed near the bottom part of the collector, especially at low Reynolds. Also, Employing hybrid nanofluid lead to a decrease in the heat transfer rate and slightly raised the supply temperature at low Re.

Mineral Layer Fillers for the Production of Functional Materials.

An original method based on the use of technogenic waste from the processing of mineral-layered materials, in particular phlogopite for obtaining highly efficient functional compositions of the “mica-TiO2”, has been developed. The composition core is a nanosized mica flake coated with mesoporous titanium dioxide of an anatase or rutile structure. Energy-saving and environmentally friendly technological methods are based on the splitting of the mica followed by heterogeneous electrohydrolysis of a mixture of titanium (IV) sulfate solution and flake particles. No destruction of the mica surface, which provided the obtained uniform coatings, has been observed. Such coatings are used in photocatalysis processes and possess a self-cleaning capability. Core–shell compositions are more economically attractive compared with titanium dioxide, in particular TiO2 grade P25 (Degusse). The core of the transparent flake and the shell of the rutile titanium dioxide endows the final product with a pearlescent optical effect. This type of material is widely used in the manufacturing of paints and varnishes, printing inks, cosmetics, etc. The use of technogenic waste could significantly reduce the cost of the final product, which would ensure its widespread use in various industries.

Damage Identification on Impact and Lightning Damage of Flax Composite Laminates (Linum usitatissimum) Using Long-Pulse Thermography of a Low-Resolution Infrared Camera

The demand for composite fiber material is significantly high due to its excellent mechanical properties and its use in various industries. Recently, with the increasing awareness of environmental issues, researchers are now focusing more on eco-friendly and green materials. A biocomposite offers a good balance of strength and stiffness ratio, bending and membrane mechanical properties, balanced thermal distortion stability, reduced weight and cost, improved fatigue resistance, reduced notch sensitivity, and, comparatively, better performance than synthetic composites. Yet, due to the complex anisotropy of the composite material, the inspection and detection of inner defects become a challenge. Long-pulse thermography is one of the non-destructive evaluations (NDEs) used to detect defects in composite materials. However, very limited research has been carried out on the usage of a low-resolution infrared camera to perform defect or damage inspection on flax composite laminates. In this paper, an experimental setup of a long pulse thermography system using low-resolution infrared camera was performed on flax bio-composite to identify impact and lightning damage. The result highlights that with control parameters, a low-resolution infrared camera has the capability to capture the lightning and impact defects of flax biocomposites using the long-pulse thermography system. An image processing method is then applied to the defect to improve the quality of defect detection and reduce background noise.

The potentials of Indonesian tubers for the development of potato starch substitute: A short review

Potato starch becomes one of the popular starches. It is preferred for use in various industries due to its unique characteristics such as a good film-forming ability and consistency. The high phosphate content causes potato starch to have the excellent ability of water binding, swelling, and good consistency. However, potato production in the developing country tends to decrease. Local tubers could be used to be an alternative to substitute it. The modification process could improve the physicochemical and functional properties of the native local tubers starch. Sweet potato has the potential to be developed to substitute potato starch because it comes from the Solanaceae family. Hydroxypropylation, succinylation, and phosphorylation are suggested in producing potato starch substitute.

Cradle-to-grave environmental impact assessment of silver enabled t-shirts: Do nano-specific impacts exceed non nano-specific emissions?

Consumption of silver nanoparticles (nAg) is increasing due to their use in various industries. A comprehensive analysis is needed to elucidate the potential environmental and human health benefits and costs of the silver-enabled consumer products. For this purpose, four commercially available silver/nanosilver enabled polyester textiles with different initial silver/nanosilver loadings (1.07–4030 μg Ag/g textile) are included in the current research and cradle-to-grave life cycle assessments (LCA) are conducted to identify hotspots associated with production and use of these products throughout their lifetimes (100 cycles). Both non nano-specific and nano-specific impacts are calculated using nano-specific ecotoxicity characterization factors for nAg, instead of the commonly utilized ionic silver (Ag+) surrogate. Additionally, four different laundering scenarios were modeled to analyze the impacts resulting from using conventional and high efficiency machines. In the majority of environmental impact categories, either polyester textile manufacturing (regardless of Ag/nAg enabling) or laundering were identified as hotspots. Non nano-specific ecotoxicity impacts ranged from 1.58 × 101–2.91 × 101 CTUe/textile (CTUe: comparative toxic units for ecosystems) and nano-specific ecotoxicity impacts ranged from 2.01 × 10−4–3.10 × 10−3 CTUe/textile for the lowest and the highest Ag/nAg containing textiles, respectively. It is also found that unless the initial silver loading per textile is significantly high (in this case 4030 μg Ag/g textile comparing to the lowest load of 1.07 μg Ag/g textile), ecotoxicity and human health impacts of released silver species would be lower than ecotoxicity and human health impacts resulting from raw materials acquisition and manufacturing of the antibacterial textiles.

Structure-based rational design of chitosanase CsnMY002 for high yields of chitobiose

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are attractive active molecules for biomedical applications. Currently, the prohibitively high cost of producing fully defined COS hampers extensive studies on their biological activity and restricts their use in various industries. Thus, cost-effective production of pure COS is of major importance. In this report, chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis MY002 (CsnMY002) was prepared for COS production. The structure of apo CsnMY002 displayed an unexpected tunnel-like substrate-binding site and the structure of the CsnMY002_E19A/(GlcN)6 complex highlighted the “4 + 2″ splitting of hexaglucosamine even though the “3 + 3″ splitting is also observed in the TLC analysis of the enzyme products for hexaglucosamine. Structure based rational design was performed to generate mutants for chitobiose production. The CsnMY002_G21 K mutant produced chitobiose with a relative content > 87 % from chitosan with a low degree of acetylation, and 50.65 mg chitobiose with a purity > 98 % was prepared from 100 mg chitosan. The results provide insight on the catalytic mechanism of chitosanase and underpin future biomedical applications of pure chitobiose.

Global trends and status in waste foundry sand management research during the years 1971-2020: a systematic analysis.

Waste foundry sand (WFS) is the by-product of the foundry industry, which is produced about 0.6 tons per 1 ton of foundry industry production. While it cannot be recycled or reused, it will be disposed of in landfills. Today, with increasing attention to environmental issues, the reuse and recycle of materials because of limited resources have been considered. Due to the desirable properties of WFS, many studies have been done on the properties and performance of its use in various industries, especially in concrete technology. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of foundry sand research during the years 1971-2020. Various aspects, such as document types, languages, major journals, key countries, authors, and keywords, have been examined. The collaborations among authors and countries were constructed, visualized, and evaluated through the application of the social network analysis method based on co-authorship relations. Also, keyword cluster analysis has been performed using co-occurrence relations to discover the most prominent issues related to WFS. The results showed that the number of publications (TP) has improved significantly in recent years, especially in 2018-2020. It has increased from 1 in 1971 to 38 in 2020. The engineering subdivision with 33% has had the highest number of papers. Also, India, China, and the USA have the highest number of publications, respectively. Statistical data from the author keyword study showed that in general, papers can be classified into three categories in terms of subject: first, characteristics of WFS and its importance; second, the use of WFS in concrete and the study of mechanical and physical properties as one of its applications; and the third, investigation on environmental effects and damage caused by disposal and landfill of WFS and efforts to find solutions for recycling and reuse. The keywords "Waste Foundry Sand," "Foundry Sand," and "Compressive Strength" with a growth rate of 2700%, 1900%, and 1100%, respectively, are important topics in the field of WFS research.

Use and development of technology for producing porous composite sorbents based on man-made raw materials

The aim of this paper was to study the characteristics of porous composite materials based on man-made waste from aluminum and silicon industries. Using chemical and X-ray diffraction methods of analysis, it was found that the dust of silicon production consisted, on average, of 86% silica, and the remaining harmful impurities, due to their low content in the samples, were not recorded by the device, which indicated the potential use of this man-made material as a basis for the development of sorption material. Also, the dust of electrostatic precipitators from aluminum production was used in the samples. Liquid glass was used as a binder for the above-described components. This substance has adhesive properties; in addition, it is known that the interaction of NaOH, which is part of liquid glass, and fine-crystalline silicon is accompanied by active release of hydrogen following an exothermic reaction. Therefore, fine-crystalline silicon was used as a reagent for imparting a porous structure to the sorbent. The increased content of fine man-made waste near metallurgical enterprises proves the need for their use in various industries. Furthermore, studies have shown that the studied industrial materials can be used as raw materials for the production of sorbents.

Анализ технологии производства пеностеклокерамики гранулированной и разработка мероприятий по пылеочистке рабочих зон в строительстве

The system of dust cleaning at the enterprises of the construction industry is considered, in particular, at the production of granulated glass ceramic foam. The analysis of the work of construction industry enterprises and their harmful emissions. The applied methods of protecting working areas from dust, their effectiveness and the need for their use in various industries have been studied. It is proposed to make changes to the dust cleaning system used in the production of granulated glass ceramic foam. To increase the degree of cleaning, it is proposed to install a Venturi scrubber instead of a cyclone.

Cold Active Lipases: Biocatalytic Tools for Greener Technology.

Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the ester bond hydrolysis in triglycerides with the release of fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides, and glycerol. The microbial lipases account for $400 million market size in 2017 and it is expected to reach $590 million by 2023. Many biotechnological processes are expedited at high temperatures and hence much research is dealt with thermostable enzymes. Cold active lipases are now gaining importance in the detergent, synthesis of chiral intermediates and frail/fragile compounds, and food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, they consume less energy since they are active at low temperatures. These cold active lipases have not been commercially exploited so far compared to mesophilic and thermophilc lipases. Cold active lipases are distributed in microbes found at low temperatures. Only a few microbes were studied for the production of these enzymes. These cold-adapted enzymes show increased flexibility of their structures in response to freezing effect of the cold habitats. This review presents an update on cold-active lipases from microbial sources along with some structural features justifying high enzyme activity at low temperature. In addition, recent achievements on their use in various industries will also be discussed.

Analysis of garden snail (Helix aspersa Muller) mucus for the presence of potential effectors of hemostasis system

Today, there are many approaches to new drugs development, but none of them can replace the important role of natural products in the discovery and development of drugs. Natural raw materials remain an extremely important source of medicines. A number of biologically active molecules of natural origin have already found a direct medicinal use, while many others can serve as chemical models or templates for the design and synthesis of new pharmaceutical agents. Snail mucus has been attracting the attention of scientists for many years as a source of natural biologically active substances. The components of snail mucus have been repeatedly tested for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this work, the biological effects of components of the mucus of the garden snail Helix aspersa, distributed in Ukraine, were studied. The research results proved the presence of protein molecules, some of which had a pronounced proteolytic potential with specificity for gelatin, collagen and fibrinogen. When mucus was added to blood plasma, its components initiated the formation of active thrombin, and also prolonged the clotting time of plasma in the coagulation test APTT. In addition, the components of H. aspersa mucus enhanced the effect of platelet aggregation inducer and inhibited their disaggregation. It was proved that the components of H. aspersa mucus had no cytotoxic effect. The obtained results indicate the prospects and importance of further experiments on the study of mucus protein fractions in order to identify individual biologically active molecules responsible for the manifestation of these effects. A detailed analysis of the composition and study of the properties of snail mucus will serve as a basis for obtaining potentially new substances with targeted activities and their further use in various industries, including pharmaceutical.

High specific surface area micro-mesoporous WO3 nanostructures synthesized with facile hydrothermal method

Nanostructures with high specific surface area are extremely desirable for wide range of applications such as catalysis, gas sensing, filtration, and adsorption. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of two different organic (citric acid-CA) and inorganic (sodium sulfate-SS) structure assisting agent to achieve a tungsten oxide nanostructure with high specific surface area by a simple and one-step hydrothermal method. The products were characterized and analyzed using various techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption experiment. The results revealed that the morphology/crystalline phase of CA- and SS-assisted nanostructures were rod-like/hexagonal WO3 and sheet-like/cubic WO3·0.5H2O, respectively. SS-assisted WO3 was highly reflective in the region of visible and NIR (400–1000 nm) and it is a good candidate for using in different reflectors. However, CA-assisted WO3 sample has higher energy bandgap of 2.82 and very high specific surface area of 172.7 m2/g. Therefore, an excellent micro-mesoporous WO3 nanostructure can be synthesized by an easy approach and low-cost precursors for use in various industries.

Program-modular approach to the coordination of interests of participants of regional water markets (the case of southern regions of Russia)

Relevance. The efficiency of water management is determined by the quality of managerial decision-making. These decisions should ensure the balance of interests of all the actors in regional water markets. At present, in Russia, however, the balance of interests is considered only in macro-level strategies, which leads to the inefficiency of water distribution in regions. The study of the issues of rational distribution of water resources and their use in various industries and spheres of activity is, therefore, particularly relevant. Research objective. This article aims to propose methodology for maintaining the optimal balance between the interests of economic actors in regional water markets. Data and methods. This article proposes a program-modular approach to building a more efficient water management system. It is shown how the proposed methodology based on the incremental model of management can be used for balancing the interests of economic agents (suppliers and consumers of water resources). Results. It is proved that the plurality and divergence of interests of economic agents makes it difficult to manage them and thus precludes social and economic development of territories. The structural-functional analysis of the incremental model reveals various types of connections between the water-retaining capacity of gross regional product and indexes of industrial production for regions of the South Federal District. Conclusions. The prospects of development of water management in regions are associated with ensuring the balance of interests of the water market’s participants. The program-modular approach proposed by the authors combines the administrative and resource potential of regional water management and aligns the goals on the regional level with the more general goals of hydropower modernization. The novelty of our research is that it relies on the incremental model, which, unlike other models of management, leads to an incremental achievement of the desired through certain iterations.

Computationally light deep learning framework to recognize cotton leaf diseases

Cotton is an important commodity because of its use in various industries across the globe. It is grown in many countries and is imported/exported as a cash crop due to its large utility. However, cotton yield is adversely affected by the existence of pests, viruses and pathogenic bacteria, etc. For the last one decade or so, several image processing/deep learning-based automatic plant leaf disease recognition methods have been developed but, unfortunately, they rarely address the cotton leaf diseases. The proposed work presents a simple yet efficient deep learning-based framework to recognize cotton leaf diseases. The proposed model is capable of achieving the near ideal accuracy with early convergence to save computational cost of training. Further, due to the unavailability of publicly available datasets for this crop, a dataset is also collected comprising of three diseases namely curl virus, bacterial blight and fusarium wilt in addition to the healthy leaf Images. These images were collected from the Internet and fields of Southern Punjab region in Pakistan where the cotton crop is grown on thousands of acres every year and is exported to the Europe and the US either as a raw material or in the form of knitted industrial/domestic products. Experimental results have shown that almost all variants of our proposed deep learning framework have shown remarkably good recognition accuracy and precision. However, proposed EfficientNet-B0 model achieves 99.95% accuracy in only 152 seconds with best generalization and fast inference.

Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant polysaccharide lyase from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221

Alginate and its derivatives are annually produced approximately 30,000 tons or more and are applied to various industries as they are natural polymers. The global market for alginate and its derivatives has been growing steadily. There is little research compared to other enzymes produced through biomass degradation or modification. An alginate lyase, MtAl138, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221 was cloned and identified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). MtAl138 contains a highly conserved motif (R538TELR, Q607IH609, and YFKAGVY716NQ), which indicates that it belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). MtAl138, with a molecular weight of 77 kDa worked optimally at 45 °C and pH 7.4. MtAl138 showed twice as much activity as when there was no NaCl when there was between 100 and 600 mM NaCl. Moreover, its activity increased in organic solvents such as benzene, hexane, methanol, and toluene. Based on the thin layer chromatography analyses, MtAl38 is an endo-type enzyme that produces di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharides from polyG and polyM. This study provided that MtAl138 is an endoenzyme that showed outstanding enzymatic activity at concentrated salt solutions and organic solvents, which makes it a reasonably attractive enzyme for use in various industries.