Use In Portuguese Research Articles

“Interstitial lung abnormalities”: translation to and use in Portuguese

Resumo Objetivo: Fazer um levantamento sobre o uso do termo interstitial lung abnormalities nos laudos radiológicos no Brasil, propor uma tradução para o termo e fazer uma breve revisão sobre o tema. Materiais e Métodos: Foi enviada uma pesquisa, por meio de mensagem eletrônica, para diversos radiologistas de todo o Brasil, questionando sobre a familiarização com o termo, qual tradução em português utilizam e se usam os critérios propostos pela diretriz da Sociedade Fleischner. Resultados: Foram recebidas 163 respostas de todas as regiões do Brasil e a grande maioria dos radiologistas respondeu estar familiarizado com o termo interstitial lung abnormalities (88%), mas houve grande variação em relação ao termo utilizado como tradução para o português. Conclusão: Sugerimos a padronização do termo “anormalidades pulmonares intersticiais”, a fim de uniformizar os relatórios radiológicos e difundir esta entidade no País.

"Interstitial lung abnormalities": translation to and use in Portuguese.

To conduct a survey on the use of the term "interstitial lung abnormalities" in radiology reports in Brazil, propose an appropriate Portuguese-language translation for the term, and provide a brief review of the literature on the topic. A survey was sent via electronic message to various radiologists in Brazil, asking about their familiarity with the term, which translation of the term they use in Portuguese, and whether they use the criteria proposed by the Fleischner Society. A total of 163 responses were received, from all regions of Brazil. Although the vast majority (88%) of the respondents stated that they were familiar with the term "interstitial lung abnormalities", there was considerable variation regarding the equivalent term they used in Portuguese. We suggest that the term "anormalidades pulmonares intersticiais" be used in order to standardize radiology reports and disseminate knowledge of these findings in Brazil.

Analysis of population recognition of pictures from the sentence production program for aphasia.

To analyze the recognition of the pictures and contexts familiarity from the Sentence Production Program for Aphasia (SPPA) to acquire data determining its potential use in Portuguese and/or need for adaption. The stimuli for English speakers were first translated, back-translated and adjusted without changing the syntactic structures of the phrases. The material was then tested in 39 highly literate individuals. In the first stage of the study, the adults had to produce a phrase corresponding to each picture. In the second stage, participants were exposed to the original phrases associated with their respective contexts. Participants were given an answer sheet containing numbered responses for each picture and rated the familiarity of the contexts on an analogic scale ranging from 0 to 10. Based on the sentences produced by the participants, the overall mean agreement of stimuli with responses for the pictures from the SPPA was 35.5%. Familiarity of the contexts with pictures was greater in scenes involving sentences with a syntactic structure similar to that of Portuguese. Given most stimuli had a low level of recognition, adaptations are required for use of the program in the Brazilian population. The study allowed identification of those pictures which need adapting before use in the rehabilitation of agrammatic patients in Brazil.

Qualidade do sono e prevalência das perturbações do sono em crianças saudáveis em Gaia: um estudo transversal

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of sleep and estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders in children from two to 10 years old at a health center in the metropolitan area of Porto. Study type: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Child health consultations at a primary health care center in the urban area of Grande Porto ACeS VII – Gaia. Participants: Children aged from 2 to 10 years enrolled in a health center of ACeS Grande PortoVII – Gaia. Methods: The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-PT) translated and validated for use in Portuguese, and a questionnaire on individual, social, and family issues, were applied to children between two and 10 years of age, who attended a child health consultation between April and June, 2014. Results: A total of 131 questionnaires were analyzed. The median age was 5 years and 55% of the subjects were in the pre-school age with a predominance of male subjects (53.5%). The Sleep Disturbance Rate (SDR) was higher in pre-school aged children (p <0.032). Using a cut off score of 41, an elevated SDR was found in 80.2% (median 47). A higher SDR was associated with the need for a family member in the bedroom (p=0.005) or in bed (p <0.001) to help the child fall asleep, or the use of television (p=0.006) or videogames (p=0.04) before bedtime. Children who slept alone or shared a bedroom with a sibling had a lower SDR than those sharing bedroom with their parents (p=0.015). A lower SDR was associated with higher academic performance (p=0.029). Conclusion: Sleep-disturbances are frequent in this population, particularly in younger ages. A significant association was found between the need for the presence of a relative in the room or in bed to help the child fall asleep. Television viewing and use of videogames were associated with a reduced total sleep time.

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Intensity Score

Background and objectivesThe Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Intensity Scale was developed to define clinically important PONV. The aim of this study was to translate, retranslate and validate the PONV Intensity Scale for use in Portuguese Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) settings. MethodsThe PONV Intensity Scale was translated and back-translated in accordance with available guidelines. The research team conducted an observational and cohort prospective study in a PACU. One-hundred fifty-seven adult patients admiited after surgery over three weeks were evaluated for PONV. Measurements included nausea visual analogic scale (VAS) at 6 and 24hours, postoperatively. We assessed reliability and observer disagreement using interclass correlation (ICC) and Information-Based Measure of Disagreement (IBMD). We compared VAS scores between patients with clinically significant (≥50) and not significant (<50) PONV. ResultsThirty-nine patients (25%) had PONV at 6hours and 54 (34%) had PONV at 24hours. Thirty-six and 54 patients experienced nausea at 6 and 24hours, respectively. Among patients with PONV, 6 patients (15%) and 9 patients (27%) had a clinically significant PONV intensity scale score at 6 and at 24hours, respectively. The reliability was good both for PONV intensity scale score and for VAS and observer disagreement was slightly higher for VAS. The median nausea VAS scores were higher in patients with clinically significant PONV Intensity score. ConclusionsThe PONV Intensity Scale appears to be an accurate and reliable assessment and monitoring instrument for PONV in the PACU settings.

Náusea e Vômito no Pós-Operatório: Validação da Versão em Português da Escala de Intensidade de Náuseas e Vômitos Pós-Operatórios

The Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Intensity Scale was developed to define clinically important PONV. The aim of this study was to translate, retranslate and validate the PONV Intensity Scale for use in Portuguese Post Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU) settings.The PONV Intensity Scale was translated and back-translated in accordance with available guidelines. The research team conducted an observational and cohort prospective study in a PACU. One-hundred fifty-seven adult patients admiited after surgery over three weeks were evaluated for PONV. Measurements included nausea visual analogic scale (VAS) at 6 and 24 hours, postoperatively. We assessed reliability and observer disagreement using interclass correlation (ICC) and Information-Based Measure of Disagreement (IBMD). We compared VAS scores between patients with clinically significant (≥ 50) and not significant (<50) PONV.Thirty-nine patients (25%) had PONV at 6 hours and 54 (34%) had PONV at 24 hours. Thirty-six and 54 patients experienced nausea at 6 and 24 hours, respectively. Among patients with PONV, 6 patients (15%) and 9 patients (27%) had a clinically signifi cant PONV intensity scale score at 6 and at 24 hours, respectively. The reliability was good both for PONV intensity scale score and for VAS and observer disagreement was slightly higher for VAS. The median nausea VAS scores were higher in patients with clinically significant PONV Intensity score.The PONV Intensity Scale appears to be an accurate and reliable assessment and monitoring instrument for PONV in the PACU settings.

TRANSLATION, ADAPTATION AND CONTENT VALIDATION OF SECTION I OF THE SCALE “ASSESSMENT OF PEER RELATIONS” INTO THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação e validação do conteúdo da secção I da escala “Assessment of PeerRelations” – Avaliação das Relações com Pares para o idioma Português. Método: a secção I foi traduzidae retro traduzida por tradutores experientes. A versão de consenso resultante desta tradução foi utilizadaem dois estudos piloto que indicaram a necessidade de melhoramentos linguísticos. Realizadas asalterações necessárias, reuniu-se um painel com oito peritos – investigadores na área da intervençãoprecoce e das interações sociais – que procedeu à discussão aprofundada de cada um dos itens secção I.Resultados: todo o processo inerente a este estudo revelou-se de extrema importância para a exploraçãoaprofundada da secção I e para a realização de todas as alterações consideradas necessárias para quea escala possa ser funcional e aplicável na Língua e Cultura Portuguesas. Conclusões: o processo deinvestigação permitiu atingir o objetivo delineado e, assim, foi possível adaptar e validar, para o idiomaportuguês, o conteúdo da secção I da escala Assessment of Peer Relations – Avaliação das Relações comPares.

Substance use in Portuguese and Spanish Adolescents: Highlights from Differences, Similarities and Moderating Effects

Many behaviors with lasting health impact are initiated in adolescence. Substance use is one such behavior. To analyse the factors involved in adolescent substance use among Portuguese and Spanish boys and girls, an explanatory model was developed using structural equations modelling. The model proposes that the impact of social contexts (family, friends, classmates and teachers) on substance use (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) is mediated by perceptions of well-being (psychological symptoms, well-being and school satisfaction). Data on 1589 Portuguese (mean age = 13.27, SD = .59) and 4191 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.21; SD = .47) who took part in the HBSC/WHO survey were analysed. The model fits the data of each country (CFI > .90; RMSEA < .03) and the majority of the relationships proposed in the model have been as expected for both samples. The relations with a major effect, for both countries, were: the negative effect of family on psychological symptoms and the positive effect of family on subjective well-being; the negative effect of classmates on psychological symptoms; the positive effect of teachers on school satisfaction; the effect of psychological symptoms (negative) and school satisfaction (positive) on well-being; the negative effect of school satisfaction on tobacco and alcohol use; and the positive effect of tobacco on alcohol use, and alcohol use on cannabis. For each of the dependent factors studied (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs), the levels of explained variance varied between 9% (for tobacco use) and 46% (for alcohol use). Some non-invariant paths were obtained in country comparisons, controlling for gender. In multivariate analyses the paths from tobacco use to cannabis and from alcohol to cannabis were significant, but much stronger for Spanish girls than Portuguese girls.

Translation, adaptation and validation of the "Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability (CUPID) Questionnaire" for use in Brazil.

The paper describes the adaptation and testing of the Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability Questionnaire for use in Portuguese. The cross-cultural adaptation followed the steps of translation, back-translation, evaluation of the translations by a committee of judges, and then piloting of the pre-final version. This was performed in a sample of 40 nursing staff from the Hospital at the University of São Paulo. Adjustments were made after review of the translations by the committee of judges (CVI ≤ 80%). The pilot study was used to test whether questions could be satisfactorily understood and completed (≥ 85% of subjects). The Brazilian version of the Questionnaire is an adequate instrument for the ascertainment of occupational activities, psychosocial aspects of work, musculoskeletal symptoms and associated disabilities in nursing staff.

“Seu Dotô” / Herr Doktor: aspectos históricos e linguísticos do tratamento de Doutor e as conseqüências para a tradução

Neste trabalho são abordados aspectos históricos e semânticos dos termos “doutor” (port.) – “Doktor” (alem.), que apresentam matizes bastante diferenciados nas duas culturas respectivas. Primeiramente é considerado o desenvolvimento do termo “doutor”, desde suas origens latinas até o seu uso hodierno em português, em que o termo passa a ser utilizado também como forma respeitosa de tratamento. O uso dessa forma de tratamento para certas categorias profissionais no Brasil é, então, contrastado com a situação vigente na Alemanha, levando-se em conta a legislação e a jurisprudência em ambos os países. As particularidades do tratamento de doutor em cada uma das duas culturas, sobretudo na área do direito, são ilustradas com exemplos. Ao final, são tecidos breves comentários sobre a relevância teórica e prática do assunto para a tradução.

Cross-cultural validation of the Brief Social Phobia Scale for use in Portuguese and the development of a structured interview guide

To present the translation and validation of the Brief Social Phobia Scale for use in Brazilian Portuguese, to develop a structured interview guide in order to systemize its use and to perform a preliminary study of inter-rater reliability. The instrument was translated and adapted to Portuguese by specialists in anxiety disorders and rating scales. A structured interview guide was created with the aim of covering all of the items of the instrument and grouping them into six categories. Specialists in mental health evaluated the guide. These professionals also watched the videotaped interviews of patients with and without social anxiety disorders, and, based on the interview guide, they rated the scale to evaluate its reliability. No semantic or linguistic adjustments were needed. For the complete scale, the general evaluation showed a percentage of agreement of 0.84 and intraclass coefficient of 0.91. The mean inter-rater correlation was 0.84. The Portuguese-language version of the Brief Social Phobia Scale is available for use in the Brazilian population, with rather acceptable indicators of inter-rater reliability. The interview guide was useful in providing these values. Further studies are needed in order to improve the reliability and to study other psychometric properties of the instrument.

Portuguese Program Development: Past, Present, and Future

Program development for attracting and retaining students is not the exclusive concern of those teaching Portuguese. Certainly, instructors of languages with large enrollments also must address this concern. But minor programs, like Portuguese, have been especially resourceful in making their programs known on college and university campuses. Most of the efforts over the past thirty years have focused on building visibility for Portuguese and on creating a cultural community for those who decided to study the language. The history of that resourcefulness provides valuable examples to others who might want to start a Portuguese program. Recent developments in French and Spanish applied linguistics have produced new teaching methodologies that are now being adapted for use in Portuguese. Soon these new materials, that can strengthen program development from within the classroom, will be accessible to all Portuguese instructors. The potential of these new teaching materials to do a better job preparing students and building bridges between lowerand upper-division classes bodes well for small programs like Portuguese.