Use In Animal Husbandry Research Articles

MODELS IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Supply chain management is a critical aspect of conducting any business. In this article, we provide an overview of some the methods for supply management and their use in animal husbandry. In this paper, we introduce a version of Wilson`s model. The illustration of the proposed model, showing economic effects to the farm, reducing its expenses (by 2.5%) compared to farms that do not utilize this model.

Effect of electroosmosis to reduce the adhesion of lake sapropel to the metal surfaces of the machine for lake sapropel dewatering

Recently, there has been an increase in consumer demand for organic products, which implies the use of natural fertilizers in agriculture and food additives in animal husbandry. The moisture content of products obtained from sapropel for use in animal husbandry and agriculture should vary between 60 and 65%. But the reason for the low profitability of production for the extraction of sapropel is due to its high humidity, which can reach 92-96 %, and the complexity of removing moisture. Currently, a significant problem in the dewatering of sapropel is its sticking to metal surfaces of knives-inverters and plane-parallel plates-separators on machines for its dewatering. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the effect of electroosmosis. In this paper, the rational parameters of the operation necessary to create the effect of electroosmosis in the intermediate attachment of processing of sapropel of the machine for sapropel dewatering are determined.

Исследование питательной ценности, химической и биологической безопасности кормов, получаемых из отходов сельскохозяйственного и промышленного производства

Waste from agricultural and industrial production is one of the factors of environmental pollution. Together with this, they are a valuable raw material and can be used, for example, for the manufacture of additional animal feed. The article provides information on the rational use of valuable agricultural and industrial waste as additives in the rations of feeding farm animals and poultry. The health of farm animals and poultry, their productivity depends on the quality and balance of feed. An unbalanced diet leads to metabolic disorders. The data on the chemical composition of molasses, cake and meal, which are used in animal husbandry and poultry farming, as an additional feed with a high protein content, are given. Molasses, which is a by-product of sugar beet production, contains easily digestible carbohydrates, and its use in animal husbandry as an additional feed solves the problem of sugar deficiency. The Testing Center (IC) of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI" conducted research on sunflower cake, rapeseed and sunflower meal in terms of feed value (mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of crude protein, mass fraction of crude fiber, mass fraction of crude fat). The results of the study of beet molasses samples are presented in terms of quality indicators: mass fraction of dry substances, mass fraction of sugar (by direct polarization), and mass fraction of reducing sugars. The studies carried out indicate that 95% of cake, meal and beet molasses obtained from agricultural and industrial waste, in terms of feed value, meet the requirements of the current regulatory documentation.

Идентификация антибиотиков в мясе. Возможности проточной цитометрии

The problem of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics currently remains unresolved. Step-by-step monitoring of meat using modern methods will reduce the risk of using contaminated meat raw materials for food production. Qualitative monitoring will identify samples containing residual antimicrobial substances. The use of methods for identifying groups of antibiotics will help narrow the search for antibiotics by expensive chromatographic methods. A study was carried out of beef, pork and poultry meat, which is used in meat processing plants in the production of raw smoked sausages, using two methods. At the first stage, using a qualitative microbiological method, the raw meat was evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial substances, then their group was determined using a NovoCyte flow cytometer. According to the results of a study on a flow cytometer, it was found that out of 10 groups of antibiotics that can be determined by the tested method, the group of lincosamides was not found in all meat samples. The most common groups of chemotherapy drugs in pork were sulfonamides – 29.6 %, tetracycline group – 18.5 % and beta-lactams – 14.8 %, and in beef aminoglycosides – 36.7 %, phenicols – 30 % and beta-lactams – 13.3 %. In poultry meat samples, the most common were sulfonamides – 23.2 %, fenicols – 23.2 %, and beta-lactams – 16 %. Five groups of antibiotics were found in all studied types of meat: fenicols, β-lactams, macrolides, polypeptide antibiotics, and quinolones. This indicates their widespread use in animal husbandry and poultry farming.

Polymyxin Resistant Bacteria in Australian Poultry

Resistance to last-resort antibiotics is significant public health issue. Antibiotic use in animal husbandry may be a driver of resistance that can subsequently be disseminated via the food chain. This study sought to determine the level of polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative pathogens present in Australian poultry, particularly the presence of mobilizable mechanisms of polymyxin resistance. Cloacal swabs from 213 birds were taken in a point prevalence survey from six different farms at a Victorian chicken processing facility. Colistin resistant organisms were recovered by direct plating on CHROMagar COL-APSE media. Bacterial isolates were identified and analysed by MALDI-TOF, biochemical and genotypic assays. The 213 specimens yielded 57 (26.8%) colistin-resistant Gram-negative organisms, all of which have been previously described as exhibiting intrinsic resistance to polymyxin antibiotics. The most frequent organism was identified as Hafnia paralvei (40/57; 70%). Other colistin-resistant organisms included Aeromonas hydrophila (16%), Myroides odoratus (7%), Alcaligenes faecalis (5%), and Pseudochrobactrum spp (2%). No mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes were detected. Polymyxin-resistant organisms are widely distributed in the food chain, with over a quarter of the birds tested yielding a polymyxin-resistant organism. However, strains containing mcr genes remain rare in Australian poultry.

Perceptions of antibiotic use in livestock farming in Germany, Italy and the United States

The use of antibiotics in livestock farming has been a common practice for many years. As one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance, posing serious threats to animal health, human health and food security, a change in this application practice is needed. However, antibiotics play a crucial role in disease management and control in animal farming, which highlights their relevance to both animal welfare and food safety. The general public in many countries is becoming aware of the problem of antibiotic resistance in pathogens and the contributing role of livestock to its proliferation. Nevertheless, little is known about how the public in different countries reacts to this knowledge and how they evaluate different strategies to combat this threat. The current study analyzes public perception of antibiotic use in livestock farming in three different countries, while considering differentiating advantages and disadvantages of antibiotic treatment of farm animals. A total of 2,670 subjects responded to an online questionnaire in Germany (n=894), Italy (n=887) and the United States (n=889). Participants were asked to indicate their level of agreement with several statements on bipolar 7-point Likert-scales. Three factors were extracted using principal component analysis (total variance explained: 59.59%, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy = 0.915, Bartletts’ test of sphericity<0.001). According to the average attitudes bundled in factor one (“Antibiotic use as a threat to human health”), participants in all three samples perceived significant human health risks with antibiotic use in animal farming, with the German participants as the most skeptical, followed by Italian and then US participants. The “Advantages of antibiotic use in livestock farming” (factor two) were perceived only by the US sample, whereas participants from the other two countries were on average more skeptical about the existence of positive impacts such as improved food safety and animal welfare. A “Justified use of antibiotics” (factor three) was on average doubted by participants in all three countries, with the German participants again being most critical. Regarding the treatment of different animal species (for dairy cattle, fattening pigs and broilers), participants in all three countries believed that antibiotics are used even if the animals are not really sick and that the whole herd, instead of individual animals, are treated even if just a few animals display symptoms of a disease. Moreover, the respondents tied antibiotic use with attempts to increase the growth rate of animals rather than to solely treat certain diseases. These results illustrate the significant criticism to the livestock sector by the surveyed participants.

Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from dairy farms in North-eastern Italy

Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus along the dairy production chain is an emerging public health problem with human, veterinary, and food safety issues. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has steadily increased in several European countries. In this study, the prevalence of S. aureus in raw cow milk and farm workers was investigated, and the trajectories of MRSA transmission at the primary stage of the dairy chain were assessed. To this purpose, a longitudinal survey was conducted in 618 dairy farms in two contiguous regions with high livestock density in North-eastern Italy. S. aureus contamination of bulk tank milk (BTM) was observed in more than 80% of farms, while MRSA prevalence was 3.6% and 15.9% in BTM and farm workers, respectively. The majority of MRSA isolates from both BTM and farm workers were assigned to ST398, and showed a worrisome multidrug-resistant phenotype. Enterotoxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were detected in 11.5% and 4.9% of MRSA isolates from both sources. Nearly all MRSA isolates from workers belonged to the same epidemiological type as BTM isolates from the corresponding farm, denoting a bidirectional MRSA transmission pattern. A focus on the ST398 spa type t899 MRSA lineage in the Italian livestock system highlighted the presence of two major clusters whose dissemination was likely facilitated by the selective pressure imposed by antimicrobial use in animal farming. Our findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of MRSA along the dairy production chain, not only to avoid transmission between animals and exposed workers, but also to contain the risk of raw milk and dairy product contamination by multidrug resistant and toxigenic strain.

Point-of-care tests for bovine clinical mastitis: what do we have and what do we need?

Mastitis, inflammation of the bovine mammary gland, is generally caused by intramammary infection with bacteria, and antimicrobials have long been a corner stone of mastitis control. As societal concern about antimicrobial use in animal agriculture grows, there is pressure to reduce antimicrobial use in dairy farming. Point-of-care tests for on-farm use are increasingly available as tools to support this. In this Research Reflection, we consider available culture-dependent and culture-independent tests in the context of ASSURED criteria for low-resource settings, including convenience criteria, scientific criteria and societal criteria that can be used to evaluate test performance. As tests become more sophisticated and sensitive, we may be generating more data than we need. Special attention is given to the relationship between test outcomes and treatment decisions, including issues of diagnostic refinement, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and detection of viable organisms. In addition, we explore the role of technology, big data and people in improved performance and uptake of point-of-care tests, recognising that societal barriers may limit uptake of available or future tests. Finally, we propose that the 3Rs of reduction, refinement and replacement, which have been used in an animal welfare context for many years, could be applied to antimicrobial use for mastitis control on dairy farms.

STUDY OF THE CUMULATIVE PROPERTIES OF «INDEZ» ON LABORATORY WHITE RATES

The article presents the results of the study of «Indez» disinfectant. An effective disinfectant for use in animal husbandry should be easy to use, be non-toxic, have broad bactericidal spectrum, be non-carcinogenic, have non-addictive micro-flora and provide a permanent bactericidal effect in the presence of animals, while sanitizing the air environment. «Indez» disinfectant is a small, amorphous grey powder with a specific odour, well sprayed. It is composed of triiodomethane (iodoform), zinc oxide, iron sulphate (II) (iron sulphate), copper sulphate, silicon dioxide, zeolite, active essential oils, a complex of surfactants and pH regulators, auxiliaries. This preparation can be used in the presence of animals; the disinfectant effect is based on the spectrum of antimicrobial action of its constituents.&#x0D; In the experiment of the study of the cumulative properties of «Indez» 80 white rats weighing 180-200 ± 10 g, tested doses of 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, from DL50 were used. To the animals of the experimental group, the suspension of the preparation was administered orally: in the first 4 days - 1/5 of DL50, then 1/10 and 1/20. Animals of the control group were administered saline at a dose of 0.5 ml. Observations on rats were carried out for 22 days. Depending on the dose of the drug, the cumulation coefficient.&#x0D; As a result of the study of the cumulative properties of the drug it is established that the introduction of a total dose of «Indez» 56,8 cm3 per 1 kg body weight does not cause death of white rats. When conducting a total dose of 63,4 cm3 / kg body weight one animal died, representing 5 %. Further administration of the drug lethality was on the 18-th day (total dose 83,13 cm3 / kg) – 15 %, on the 19-th day (total dose 93,0 cm3 / kg) – 20 % and the 20-th day (total dose 102,87 cm3 / kg) – 45 %. With an increase of 9,873 1,5 times (1,8095 cm3 / kg) on the 21-st day, the mortality rate was 80 %, and on the 22-nd day of the studies 90 % of laboratory animals were killed, the total dose was 1032,49 cm3 / kg.&#x0D; Under the study of the cumulative properties of «Indez» disinfectant, it was found that the cumulation coefficient in rats is 2,2 units. This, in turn, indicates that the test agent has moderately pronounced properties for cumulation. In this case, white rats inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and reduce the body’s defences, as evidenced by a probable decrease in leukocyte count and a slight decrease in haemoglobin, lymphocyte count, spleen mass factor, and increased segmentation.

Improving effectiveness of microbiological diagnostics in patients with surgical infection of soft tissues.

Recently, there has been a steady tendency towards increase in the resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs, which is due to the lack of development of new antibiotics, their uncontrolled administration, total use in animal husbandry, etc. leads to fatal outcomes, unsatisfactory results of treatment, rise in cost of treatment, formation of hospital pan-resistant strains. The increasing ability of microorganisms to cooperate in biofilms, production and improvement of resistance mechanisms in symbiosis are intractable issues in the treatment of patients with surgical infection of soft tissues. In patients with surgical infection of soft tissues, surgical treatment of a purulent focus and antibiotic therapy are fundamental doctrinal, determining the success of treatment.The choice of an antibacterial drug in most cases is based on the results of an antibioticogram. A study of wounds by smear technique and biopsy samples of wound tissues in 81 patients was performed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of wound microflora of patients was evaluated during the study of biopsy samples and standard culture from the wound surface. When examining the biopsy samples, 86 strains were isolated, and 110 – in the material from the wound surface. There was no growth on the wound surface in 11 cases (13.5%), against 20 (almost 25%) in biopsy samples. One species of flora was isolated from 37 wound surfaces (about 46%), biopsy samples of wounds with monoculture – in 61 samples (75%). Associations (two or more) are present in 33 (41%) wound samples, and only in 21 biopsy samples (26%). Thus, the conducted studies confirm the fact that wound surface is more contaminated by foreign microflora than biopsy samples. The data obtained allow us to recommend the method of wound biptates instead of a smear, as more specific and sensitive in patients with surgical infection of soft tissues.

Oxytetracycline and Monensin Uptake by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass from Dairy Manure-Applied Soil

To address concerns regarding the potential impact of antibiotic use in animal husbandry on antibiotic resistance in humans, we conducted a greenhouse-based study examining uptake of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and monensin (MON) by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass (T85), the most commonly grown forage grass in the southeastern U.S.A. Since oxytetracycline is used in both veterinary and human medicine, its accumulation in animal products could impact human resistance to this antibiotic. Monensin is not used in human medicine but has a high potential for accumulating in the environment. Our research examined antibiotic uptake by forage grass T85, the effect of dairy manure application on its uptake, and antibiotic retention in soil. We compared unspiked, wet dairy manure to wet dairy manure spiked with MON or OTC that was soil surface applied to pots or incorporated into soil. After 6 wk, plant stem/leaf and root tissue, as well as soil samples, were assessed for antibiotic residues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results confirmed Tifton 85 MON and OTC uptake. Six weeks after adding the antibiotics, the greatest plant matter OTC and MON contents were 157.9 ± 70.6 and 234.4 ± 19.6 µg kg−1, respectively, and 17.6 and 369.5 µg kg−1, respectively, for soil. When spiked with OTC, manure incorporation led to decreased OTC uptake by T85 tissue. Bioaccumulation of these antimicrobials in livestock and in the environment is a potential concern for animal, environmental, and human health.

Валідація методики кількісного визначення флорфеніколу у зразках м’язів методом імуноферментного аналізу

Introduction. Amphenicols are a group of chemical compounds with antibacterial activity, including chloramphenicol (HAF), thiamphenicol (TAF), florfenicol (FF) and their derivatives. Florfenicol (FF) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of action and is one of the most commonly used drugs in poultry, and was developed specifically for veterinary medicine. Given the wide range of activity of florfenicol, the high therapeutic effect combined with low toxicity makes it important for use in animal husbandry. The known method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) differs favorably from other screening methods by high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity and speed of performance, availability and stability of reagents, the ability to computer processing of measurement results and automation of test steps, which provides high test efficiency. The aim of the work. To validate the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the residues of florfenicol in the samples of months of different species of animals (cattle, pigs, chickens, geese, turkeys, rabbits) and fish. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the State Research Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary Sanitary Expertise. The material for the study was a solution of florfenicol with a concentration of 1 mg/liter. Results of research and discussion. It was found that the highest value (highest response) for control samples is 0.24 μg/kg and the lowest value for enriched samples (lowest response) - 3.62 μg/kg. According to the obtained results, none of the answers for the enriched samples coincides with the range of answers for the control samples. It follows that the detection ability (CCβ) for this screening method reduces or decreases 5.0 μg/kg The cut-off rate of this test is 3.62 μg/kg. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Validation characteristics have been established for the determination of florfenicol residues in muscle samples, such as: detection ability (CCβ) is 5.0 μg/kg, cut-off level is 3.62 μg/kg. The lowest content of florfenicol that can be determined is 0.2 μg/kg. The percentage of return for enriched samples of both groups is 93 %, which corresponds to the specified production.

ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ ФИТОСОРБЕНТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ МАКЛЕИ И ХИТОЗАНА

The aim of our research was to assess the toxicity of complex phytosorbents based on maklea cordate and chitosan. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro was carried out according to the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph (the method is described in the Pharmacopoeia (OFS.1.2.4.0010.15), three types of phytosorption complex were used as the material for the study. Phytosorbents were included in samples 1–3. In addition to sorbents, sample No. 1, oil of oregano and thyme containing carvacrol (with proven antimicrobial activity in previous experi-ments) was added, compound Macleaya cor-data was added to compound No. 2, and chi-tosan was added to compound No. 3-components of samples 1. Нe study of the toxicity of the studied parameters was stud-ied according to the guidelines [5]. The haz-ard class of the studied drugs was deter-mined according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Ac-cording to experiments, drugs can be classi-fied as low-hazard substances. Assessment of acute and subacute toxicity proved the absence of negative effects of both drugs on the body of laboratory ani-mals, at a dose twice and four times the rec-ommended therapeutic, which is 6000 mg / goal. and 12000 mg / goal., Do not cause toxic effects and death of animals. And the introduction of complexes with chitosan and macklea, at a dose of 6000 mg / goal. within 28 days, positively affects the body of labor-atory rats. That allows research to determine the effectiveness, including on productive animals. Factors that determine the relevance of the development of highly effective phytobi-otics and their use in animal husbandry and poultry farming should also include the high profitability of the production of environ-mentally friendly agricultural products and the task of improving the quality of life of the population.

Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Escherichia coli from food-producing animals in Russia.

Background and Aim:Commensal Escherichia coli is an important indicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals and food of animal origin. Therefore, it was recommended by the World Health Organization and OIE for inclusion in resistance surveillance programs. At the same time, the data on E. coli isolates from animals in Russia are scarce. The aim of this work was to determine the current prevalence of resistance and genetic markers of non-pathogenic commensal E. coli collected from major food-producing animals (poultry, pigs, and cows) in different regions of Russia and to compare these data with data from other countries to prioritize antimicrobials for limiting their use according to the National Action PlanMaterials and Methods:Samples (n=306) were collected from biomaterial of chicken, turkey, cows, and pigs raised on 11 farms in the European part of Russia, Siberia, and North Caucasus. Isolates (n=306) of E. coli were tested for resistance to 11 antimicrobials from ten classes using the broth microdilution method. MICs were interpreted against EUCAST microbiological and clinical breakpoints. For data analysis and statistical processing, the AMRcloud online platform was used. The data are presented in comparison with other countries.Results:In Russia, higher levels of microbiological and clinical resistance of E. coli to critically important antimicrobials, including colistin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, were found compared to other countries, especially in poultry: About 30% of isolates from chicken were resistant to colistin, 8% to cefotaxime, and 88% to ciprofloxacin according to EUCAST ECOFFs. Only 10% of isolates from cows were resistant to cefotaxime. About 47% of isolates of E. coli from chicken had a moderate relative resistance for ampicillin and 56% for tetracycline. For most antimicrobials, isolates from cows demonstrated a lower resistance than isolates from poultry and pigs. All tested isolates from chicken, turkey, and pigs showed a simultaneous microbiological resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. No pan-resistant isolates were found.Conclusion:High levels of AMR of commensal E. coli from poultry, especially for critically important drugs, are a matter of concern and should be taken into account when choosing antimicrobials to be restricted for use in animal husbandry according to the National Action Plan.

Лекарственные растения и их применение в животноводстве

Лекарственные растения и их применение в животноводстве

Safety and efficacy of an essential oil from Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on an essential oil extracted from Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. when used as a sensory feed additive for all animal species. Analysis of the oil identified 13 components accounting for > 99% of the oil, with carvacrol being the prevalent (78%). The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the proposed use level of 150 mg/kg complete feed is safe for ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated maximum safe concentration of the essential oil in complete feed was 22 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 33 mg/kg for laying hens, 30 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 40 mg/kg for piglets, 48 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 63 mg/kg for sows, 57 mg/kg for dairy cows, 100 mg/kg for veal calves, 88 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep, goats and horses, 35 mg/kg for rabbits, 101 mg/kg for salmonids, 106 mg/kg for dogs, and 18 mg/kg for cats. No concerns for consumer safety were identified following the use of the additive up to the maximum safe concentration in feed. The additive is considered as irritant to skin and eyes and a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser. Use in animal husbandry of the essential oil extracted from O. vulgare ssp. hirtum is not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Since oregano and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary for the essential oil.

Изучение безопасности препарата Флорфеникол ВС 30, предназначенного для использования в животноводстве

Изучение безопасности препарата Флорфеникол ВС 30, предназначенного для использования в животноводстве

Identification of the Sex of Pre-implantation Mouse Embryos Using a Marked Y Chromosome and CRISPR/Cas9

Although numerous attempts have been made to alter the sex ratio of the progeny of mammals, the limitations of current technologies have prevented their widespread use in farm animals. The presence or absence of a Y chromosome determines whether a mammalian embryo develops as a male or female, and non-invasive genetic reporters such as fluorescence protein markers have been intensively applied in a variety of fields of research. To develop a non-invasive and instantaneous method for advance determination of the sex of embryos, we developed a Y chromosome-linked eGFP mouse line that stably expresses green fluorescent protein under the control of the CAG promoter. The development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has made it easy to deliver an exogenous gene to a specific locus of a genome, and linking a tracer to the Y chromosome has simplified the process of predicting the sex of embryos collected by mating a Y-Chr-eGFP transgenic male with a wild-type female. XY embryos appeared green, under a fluorescence microscope, and XX embryos did not. Y chromosome-linked genes were amplified by nested PCR to further confirm the accuracy of this method, and the simultaneous transplantation of green and non-green embryos into foster mothers indicated that 100% accuracy was achieved by this method. Thus, the Y-Chr-eGFP mouse line provides an expeditious and accurate approach for sexing pre-implantation embryos and can be efficiently used for the pre-selection of sex.

Improvement of functional performance of concrete in livestock buildings through the use of complex admixtures

When examining concrete in livestock buildings, signs of corrosion and destruction of concrete floors and walls were found. Experimental studies have identified main critical points that directly affected concrete continuity. Excessive moisture, use of corrosive acidic or alkaline disinfectants and presence of natural excretions of animals (urine and feces) were found in livestock buildings. To solve this problem, admixtures were proposed: yellow iron oxide pigment and liquid glass which improve strength characteristics of concrete, its heat resistance and reduce penetrability. It was proved by the conducted studies that introduction into concrete of admixtures in quantities from 0.5 % to 2 % has resulted in a 2.8 times smaller depth of chloride penetration as compared to the control specimens. This was due to a decrease in water absorption by concrete when introducing iron oxide, cuprous sulphate, peracetic acid and sodium silicate which reduced pore size in samples. It was proposed as an innovation to assess thermal stability of concrete using the method of temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPMS) based on the dependence of evolution of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from samples of carbonate-containing substances on the sample temperature. Microbiological studies have identified microbes of Penicillium and Fusarium species, bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which cause corrosion of concrete in livestock buildings. Numerous experiments have shown that the proposed admixtures added to the concrete (based on yellow iron oxide pigment (1.5‒2.0 wt. %), peracetic acid (0.2‒0.3 wt. %), liquid glass (2‒3 wt. %) and cuprous sulfate (0.5‒1.0 wt. %) had antimicrobial properties and thus prospects for their use in animal husbandry

Mastitis in dairy cow farms in canton Sarajevo and antimicrobial resistance of causative agents

Mastitis is frequent and costly disease in dairy farming, while antimicrobial resistance is an important public health threat. Increasing resistance among zoonotic pathogens led to more investigation among animal pathogens. Study, conducted on dairy farms in Canton Sarajevo, aimed to establish mastitis prevalence in dairy cows, causative bacteria and investigate antimicrobial resistance. Lactating animals (n=1214) were tested using the California Mastitis Test during November 2017. Milk from positive animals was microbiologically cultivated. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 9.9 %, while 19 out of 180 dairy farms had at least one mastitis case. In 49.2% of samples, we identified S. aureus, 2.5% contained E. coli, 0.8% contained Enterobacteriaceae, 13.3 % had mixed infection and 34.2% samples had no growth. Using disk diffusion test highest resistances were observed to bacitracin (E. coli), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Enterobacteriaceae) and penicillin (S. aureus). Since oversight on antimicrobial use in farm animals is sporadic in the country, additional investigations of antimicrobial usage and trends in antimicrobial resistance causing agents are needed. Reducing mastitis rates on farms requires compliance with preventive measures alongside early detection, isolation of cases, culling of repeated cases, microbiological monitoring and testing for antimicrobial resistance before treatment.