Use Of Additive Technologies Research Articles

Evaluating the Role of Electronic Security Surveillance in Enhancing Safety in Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

Secondary school safety is critical to sustaining comparable academic performance outcomes. However, there are so many threats that affect the safety of schools that make up this necessity throughout the world. Security challenges in secondary schools in Kenya includes fires, theft and radicalization have been witnessed in school. Nevertheless, the application of electronic security surveillance systems still remains rather low. They work under very high risks and many schools in Trans Nzoia County are especially vulnerable leaving the school community at risk. This research aimed at evaluating the extent to which these systems enhance safety. Based on Situational Crime Prevention Theory and Contingency Theory, the study adopted descriptive survey research design and targeted 14 second schools with previous security threats and deployed with surveillance systems. Participants were 14 principals, 14 boarding teachers, 14 security personnel, 70 students- 10 students from each of the 7 schools, County Director of Education, and the Chief Fire Officer. The sample size for the study was 128 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and Focus Group Discussions. The data was analysed through using Social Package for Social Sciences version 25. Regarding electronic surveillance system improvement of school security, 80.8 percent of respondents supported its effectiveness. When national ICT and school safety policies had been included, it was found that the improvement of these systems for the safety of schools has proved 40.9% different (R² = 0.409, F (2, 75) = 26.003, p = 0.000). Of all the forms of surveillance, the study noted that CCTV cameras were the most widely used in secondary schools. That being said, the efficiency of their use in achieving safety objectives was somewhat hampered by operational obstacles. The study therefore suggests that while emphasizing on the use of additional technologies like fire alarms, burglar alarms, Metal detectors and Biometric systems, the school management boards in collaboration with Ministry of education and ICT should devise way of extending the use of such gadgets. Secondly, to guarantee full coverage of the school premises, it is necessary to step up investment in electronic security systems, and improve the support of personnel pertaining to the detection of threats.

Additive manufacturing — a new vector in the production and repair of rolling stock

The influence of the fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0, on modern industrial production and social life is analyzed. The main advantages of Industry 4.0 are presented, such as increasing productivity and occupational safety, developing new products and materials, as well as increasing the competitiveness of products. Special attention is paid to additive technologies and their role in modern engineering within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept. The methods of additive technologies, their classification by materials and production methods, as well as their various applications in various industries are described in detail. An example of the successful use of additive technologies is presented on the example of JSC Uralvagonzavod Scientific and Production Corporation, where molds and rods for casting parts with high speed and quality are created using 3D printers. The project of introducing 3D printers into the service depots of the directorate of motor car rolling stock of JSC Russian Railways is considered, with an emphasis on the economic and temporary benefits from the use of additive technologies. The concept of introducing additive technologies in the maintenance and repair of rolling stock involves the creation of support depots on the railway network of JSC Russian Railways. In conclusion, the importance of training highly qualified specialists in the field of additive technologies and the need to develop educational programs to train future employees capable of solving complex tasks of creating and applying new industrial technologies is presented. Special attention is paid to synergetic approaches in education to combine learning with scientific activity and the creation of innovative technological solutions.

Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Intensification Using Lattice Structures in Heat Exchangers

Heat exchangers make it possible to utilize energy efficiently, reducing the cost of energy production or consumption. For example, they can be used to improve the efficiency of gas turbines. Improving the efficiency of a heat exchanger directly affects the efficiency of the device for which it is used. One of the most effective ways to intensify heat exchange in a heat exchanger without a significant increase in mass-dimensional characteristics and changes in the input parameters of the flows is the introduction of turbulators into the heat exchangers. This article investigates the increase in efficiency of heat exchanger apparatuses by introducing turbulent lattice structures manufactured with the use of additive technologies into their design. The study is carried out by numerical modeling of the heat transfer process for two sections of the heat exchanger: with and without the lattice structure inside. It was found that lattice structures intensify the heat exchange by creating vortex flow structures, as well as by increasing the heat exchange area. Thus, the ratio of convection in thermal conductivity increases to 3.03 times. Also in the article, a comparative analysis of the results obtained with the results of heat transfer intensification using classical flow turbulators is carried out. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the investigated turbulators are more effective than classical ones, however, the pressure losses in the investigated turbulators are much higher.

Клинико-экономический анализ эффективности использования индивидуальных и серийных имплантатов при эндопротезировании тазобедренного и коленного суставов.

One of the pressing issues of modern medicine is the need to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with stage III osteoarthritis of large joints (according to the classification of N. S. Kosinskaya), as well as with loosening of the components of hip and knee joints through the use of techniques that have high clinical and economic efficiency and including the use of computer modeling and additive 3D printing technologies. Purpose of the study: to conduct a clinical and economic analysis of the effectiveness of using individual and serial components of endoprostheses in the surgical treatment of patients with stage III hip osteoarthritis (according to N. S. Kosinskaya’s classification), as well as with loosening of hip and knee joint implants. Methods: clinical-radiological, computed tomographic, biomechanical, statistical, analytical, sociological. The study included 348 patients who were divided into 10 groups depending on the individual and serial components of implants used in their treatment. Results. The effectiveness of surgical treatment of stage III hip osteoarthritis using individual acetabular implants in primary hip replacement, assessed using QALYs, was 0.79, and the CER (“cost-effectiveness”) indicator was 350,424.7. Moreover, the use of only serial imlants in a similar operation led to a decrease in CER to 262,977.2 and QALY to 0.63. Higher QALYs have also been observed with the use of additive technologies in revision hip arthroplasty. The effectiveness of surgical treatment using individual implants for type IIIa acetabular defect was 0.77 (CER – 341,110), for type IIIb – 0.6 (CER – 496,754.3). When using serial components of a revision hip joint implants for type IIIa acetabular defect, the QALY was 0.4 (CER – 540,462.5), for type IIIb – 0.4 (CER – 653,500.5). The best QALYs (0.15) and CER (1,348,892) were also obtained with the use of individual acetabular implants made of bone cement in hip replacement for periprosthetic infection in comparison with standard spacers (QALY – 0.07; CER – 2,845 801). The effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with bone defects of type 2B and 3 according to AORI using individual implants during revision knee arthroplasty was 0.83 (CER – 494,236.8), using serial designs – 0.44 (CER – 939,489, 4). Conclusions. The use of individual implants in total replacement in patients with stage III hip osteoarthritis (according to N. S. Kosinskaya’s classification), as well as loosening of hip and knee implants, made it possible to achieve higher rates of effectiveness of surgical treatment in comparison with implantation of only serial structures. The use of additive 3D printing technologies in all cases, except knee joint replacement for bone defects of types 2B and 3 according to AORI, led to increased costs for treating patients. As a result of the clinical and economic analysis, it was revealed that the use of individual implants made using 3D printing in revision hip arthroplasty for IIIa and IIIb defects of the acetabulum, septic loosening of the components of a previously installed implants, as well as in re-replacement of the knee joint in the presence of AORI type 2B and 3 bone defects achieves the best cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and is “strongly preferable” to implantation of serial constructs only.

Effect of heat treatment on structure of austenitic steel 07Cr25Ni13 obtained by WAAM

Currently, the use of additive technologies in industry is becoming more promising. The intensification of development of 3D technologies leads to the need for a more thorough study of the structure and properties of metals obtained by this method. In this paper, the effect of heat treatment on structure of the metal deposited by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is considered. The paper describes the effect of quenching at various temperatures and annealing on the structure of austenitic steel 07Cr25Ni13. As a result of the work, it was found that during metal deposition, crystallization occurs according to the FA type with the formation of a coarse dendritic structure with mainly skeletal and vermicular morphology, consisting of δ- and σ-phases. It is noted that quenching at 1070 ℃ practically does not change the metal structure. Despite the fact that quenching at elevated temperatures (1100 ℃) leads to partial dissolution and spheroidization of the dendrites released during surfacing, there are no cardinal structural changes. The most complete dissolution of the dendritic component occurs during quenching at 1150 ℃. The structure after this procedure is predominantly austenitic, remains of the dendritic component are represented by small spherical inclusions. The steel structure after annealing (1150 ℃) practically does not differ from the structure obtained after quenching at the same temperature. A significant increase in grain size, typical for austenitic steels, is not observed in this case. Based on the structure obtained after heat treatment, the most promising treatment options for future physico-mechanical properties are quenching and annealing at 1150 ℃.

The use of additive technologies to increase adherence to treatment, increase the efficiency of chemotherapy and correction of indicators of anxiety and depression among patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis

The use of additive technologies to increase adherence to treatment, increase the efficiency of chemotherapy and correction of indicators of anxiety and depression among patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis

РАЗРАБОТКА НОВОЙ КОНСТРУКЦИИ АРМИРОВАННОЙ ОККЛЮЗИОННОЙ ШИНЫ С ПАРАМЕТРИЗОВАННЫМ КАРКАСОМ НА ОСНОВЕ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ И ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

Subject. Today, the use of splint therapy is an essential part of specialized dental treatment, since in recent years the number of patients with dysfunctional conditions of the dentofacial apparatus, has increased significantly. In addition, according to recent research, the use of occlusal splints as part of complex therapy is effective in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as bruxism, chronic tension-type headache, and neuromuscular syndrome. Traditionally used designs of occlusal splints have some disadvantages, such as fragility of use, insufficient rigidity, and the impossibility of relining if the patient's dental status changes. The article provides a description and clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing the developed new design of an occlusal splint reinforced with a titanium frame. Objectives. Increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with functional disorders of the dentofacial system through the development and implementation of a new prosthetic construction – a combined occlusal splint with a titanium frame, using modern intellectual and medical 3D technologies. Materials and methods. Titanium alloy (Rematitan®) was chosen as the material for the frame of the occlusal splint. Manufacturing method implies the use of additive technologies, in particular, 3D-printing for obtaining a high-precision structure with a minimum cross-sectional thickness. Hot-curing acrylic plastic was used to cover the parameterized frame; it is also possible to use a light-curing composite. Results. During the study, the expediency of introducing a reinforcing component in the form of a metal frame into the construction of the occlusal splint was determined. A new design of a combined occlusal splint and a method for its manufacture were developed. Conclusion. By reinforcing the occlusal splint with a titanium frame, high structural strength, durability of use, maintainability or relocation if necessary are ensured; at the same time, due to 3D-printing, the frame has a minimal cross-sectional thickness, which practically does not affect the thickness of the structure as a whole.

The Use of 3D Printed Sand Molds and Cores in the Castings Production

As a part of this work, an analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of additive technology - binder jetting in the production of castings was made. The binder jetting (so-called 3D printing) has become the leading method of sand mold and core production. Within this paper types of molding and core sands with organic and inorganic binders that are and can be used in technology were analyzed. The need to carry out works aimed at developing pro-ecological molding / core sands with inorganic binders and organic binders with reduced harmfulness to the environment dedicated to binder jetting technology was noticed. The influence of technology parameters on the properties of molding / core sands and the properties of cast components was analyzed. It was shown that thanks to the unlimited shapes of the systems obtained with the use of additive technologies, it is possible to influence the rate of heat dissipation through the mold, which positively effects the process of solidification and crystallization of the castings.

SYNTHESIS OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SHOVEL MACHINES MANUFACTURED BY ADDITIVE METHODS

Rocket and space technology is developing rapidly, opening up new opportunities for space exploration and space infrastructure development. Due to constant technological progress and innovations in the field of rocketry, modern rockets have become more reliable, powerful and efficient than previous models. One of the key areas in the modern production of space technology is the use of additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing. This technology makes it possible to produce complex parts quickly, efficiently and with high precision using a variety of materials, including special metals and composite materials. The introduction of additive manufacturing solves several problems in the manufacture of parts for rocket and space technology. In the modern engineering design of vane machines used in turbine engines, compressors and other units, there is a growing interest in the use of advanced manufacturing technologies, including additive manufacturing. These manufacturing methods, in which components are created by layering material on top of digital 3D models, provide unique opportunities for creating complex geometries that were previously unattainable with traditional manufacturing methods. The purpose of the article is to investigate the synthesis of design solutions in the design of shovel machines, focusing on the use of additive manufacturing methods. First of all, it analyzes the advantages of these methods in the production of blade parts, such as reducing weight and material consumption, increasing the efficiency and strength of parts, as well as the possibility of creating individual and unique designs, taking into account the requirements of critical speed calculations. The geometry optimization is considered and the strength calculations of the structures before and after optimization are performed. The paper concludes with the prospects for the development of the use of additive technologies in the production of blade machines and indicates the possibilities for further research and improvement in this area.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВЫСОКОЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРОВ

The article considers innovative materials and technologies that can significantly improve the efficiency of modern transformers. The prospects for using new magnetic and dielectric materials, including nanocrystalline alloys and high-temperature superconductors, are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the use of additive technologies and intelligent monitoring systems, as well as their impact on the performance characteristics and cost-effectiveness of transformers. The analysis demonstrates how these innovations can help reduce energy losses and support sustainable development of the energy industry.

MODELLING AND MANUFACTURING OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT AND COMPLEX ELEMENTS OF A LOOM USING ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Equipment for three-dimensional orthogonal weaving has significant differences from looms used to obtain single-layer fabrics. At the same time, many structural elements are in the debugging stage, which requires frequent changes in their shape, which is associated with the refinement of the process parameters. The use of traditional technologies such as sheet stamping to obtain such parts is impractical due to the low serialisation of parts and complex shape. The way out, in this case, is the widespread use of additive technologies in this case. In this case, the parts are made of plastic. The most common materials are ABS; petg; PVA. Compared to steels, they have very low mechanical characteristics such as yield strength, elastic modulus, etc. Therefore, their use for the manufacture of tooling should be accompanied by appropriate design calculations that can be performed in one of the common CAD systems.

DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES USING THE CAD/CAM/CAE SYSTEM DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF BONE SUBSTITUTES WITH FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

Currently, the use of additive technologies for the production of bone substitutes determines the effectiveness of the latest methods of treatment and prosthetics in traumatic surgery, oncology, crania-maxillofacial surgery, dentistry, etc. The introduction of additive technologies is the result of the integration of medical visualization, in particular, based on the technologies of computer imaging, and engineering CAD/CAM/CAE systems. In connection with the increase in the number and severity of various types of bone tissue injuries received as a result of wounds during military operations in Ukraine, an important issue in orthopaedics and traumatology is making informed decisions about the possibility of restoring the integrity and functions of bone tissue when using different types of composition, the strength of biopolymer composites. The scientific aim of research is the development of principles and methods for making scientifically based decisions in the design and additive manufacturing of bone substitutes based on biopolymer composites with functional properties depending on the nature of the localization of the cavity bone defect and its size. The new knowledge will become the necessary basis for making optimal decisions in practice for the introduction of the latest methods of treatment and prosthetics in trauma surgery, oncology, crania-maxillofacial surgery, dentistry, taking into account the risks of biocompatibility of biopolymer composites. The results of the research will be used to design bone substitutes with controlled composition, structure, porosity, and mechanical strength for the further selection of additive technology for its production from apatite-polymer composites, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of treatment and prosthetics in orthopaedics and traumatology.

Аддитивные технологии для создания магнитных материалов

Materials and materials with magnetic properties are one of the mainstays of the world of mankind. Magnets are the key elements of most devices used in industry, science and technology. The development of permanent magnet manufacturing technology taking into account the maximum efficiency of the generated magnetic field with a minimum size of the magnet can be divided into two key directions: changing the composition of the magnet and changing the shape of the magnetic field. The research in this paper is aimed at developing a technology for manufacturing shaped magnets for controlling the shape of the magnetic field. Modern production technologies actively use various software products to simulate the design, composition, physical and chemical properties of the final product. For more precise manufacturing and minimization of post-processing, 3-D automated complexes are used, that make it possible to produce a finished product. Manual labor is gradually being replaced by machine labor, and the role of man at the place of production is gradually changing. Large-scale production begins to use robotic systems and conveyors, which significantly increases productivity, reduces costs and the influence of the human factor on the quality of the finished product. The market of additive technologies has been growing at an increasing pace in recent years. The paper considers the application of additive technologies for obtaining materials of complex shape with magnetic properties. The substantiation and solutions of the main obstacles in the development of a new technology for the manufacture of shaped magnetic materials are proposed. Technological solutions and equipment giving the possibility to obtain magnetic materials through the use of additive technologies make a motion.

Анализ применения различных типов 3D-принтеров в машиностроении

Relevance. The article discusses the main types of 3D-printers that can be used in mechanical engineering. The analysis of the basic principles of operation, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and features of the use of these types of devices. In the end, the author will consider the possibilities of future research in the field of additive technologies. The purpose of the research. To conduct an in-depth analysis of the use of 3D-printing in mechanical engineering. The purpose of the article is to study the application, advantages and limitations of various types of 3D-printers used in mechanical engineering. It also evaluates factors that influence the choice of printer, such as material compatibility, resolution, print volume and print speed. The study highlights the problems faced when integrating 3D-printing into mechanical engineering. The article concludes with a summary of the main conclusions, a discussion of the implications for management and decision-making, as well as the definition of future research opportunities. The objectives of the study are to identify existing problems in the use of additive technologies in mechanical engineering and to consider possible applications in the future. The results of the study. The study provides an overview of 3D-printing in mechanical engineering, its importance and application. It discusses various types of 3D-printers, their features and capabilities. The article analyzes the use of 3D-printers in mechanical engineering, assesses the advantages, limitations and impact on product quality, production time and economic efficiency. Factors influencing the choice of printer are investigated, such as compatibility of materials and requirements, resolution, print volume, print speed, post-processing and scalability requirements. The study also identifies challenges and future directions of 3D-printing integration, including potential advances in printing technology. In conclusion, the main conclusions are presented, their importance for decision-making in mechanical engineering and recommendations for improving the printer selection process. Future research opportunities are also highlighted.

Features and prospects of using additive technologies in architecture

The article considers the features of the use additive technologies in architecture, which in the future will have a significant impact on the revolutionary development of the construction industry. Exploring the prospects of additive technologies (3D printing) in architecture, this publication aims to determine its transformational potential in solving housing needs, promoting the sustainable development of Ukrainian cities and stimulating the innovative development of the construction industry. Considering the features of the use of 3D printing in construction and its diversity of use - the need for widespread implementation, taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages are substantiated. It has been established that the part of structures in the world fully or partially built using 3D printing technology is growing annually, which actualizes interest not only in the development of technology in general, but also in the experience of its use. Having analyzed the world experience of using additive technologies in housing construction, the prospects of this direction of construction in the reconstruction of Ukrainian cities have been established. The use of building 3D printers, thanks to the rapid process of erecting houses, will allow in a short time to increase the housing stock and rebuild the destroyed cities. Advantages of additive production are considered. One of them is the ability to create complex shapes and structures that would be difficult or even impossible to manufacture by traditional methods. In addition to the speed of construction, the advantage also - is eco-friendliness. The use of additive technologies can help reduce carbon emissions, especially if environmentally friendly materials are used. It is also possible to reduce energy costs for the construction and transportation of materials. Given these advantages, additive technologies are becoming an increasingly important tool in modern architecture, allowing architects and researchers to implement more ambitious and innovative projects.

Використання адитивних технологій в освітньому процесі для студентів технічних спеціальностей

The article examines the general principles and elements of educational programs for training studentsin technical specialties and outlines the range of skills that modern technical specialists should possess. It hasbeen established that, today, it is very important to teach students to work with CAD/CAM systems and thebasics of modeling and prototyping, which are an integral part of the work of most modern industries.The purpose of the article is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of additive technologies in theeducational process of training students of technical and other specialties.One of the educational tools that ensure the formation of relevant skills is additive technologies, whichare becoming more and more widely used in both educational and industrial activities, so the work also listssome advantages of using additive technologies in the educational process. The essence of the concept of"additive technologies" is revealed and a list of the most typical of them is given. Attention is also paid to theequipment used for 3D printing and the software used to work with additive technologies at all stages fromcreation and improvement to the manufacture of a model or final product. Special attention is paid to suchsoftware as SolidWorks, namely, a list of functions and tools available in this software is provided, and a listof skills that can be acquired by students when working with this software and used in further work activitiesis offered.

Promising Paths for the Use of Additive Technologies in the Repair Industry

Promising paths for the development of additive technologies in the Russian Federation, technologies for automated repair of machines and equipment using machine vision and learning, as well as the creation of mobile workshops and complexes for the repair of machine parts are shown. In the repair industry, 3D scanning and reverse engineering of parts, 3D printing of spare parts and 3D technologies for repairing parts and components will be in great demand. The use of 3D technologies in the repair of machines reduces the consumption of filler material during the restoration of parts and increases their wear resistance.

FLEXIBLE SILICONE OCULAR PROSTHESIS

These prostheses are generally produced using two materials, glass or acrylic, and the manufacturing process is currently based only on manual procedures. However, these materials have many disadvantages, such as high hardness and fragility of glass or gradual loss of glossing. All the main disadvantages have been eliminated in the newly developed ocular prosthesis made from silicone. The publication contains the production procedure of an innovative ocular prosthesis based on the use of additive technologies.

Influence of parameters of molding by the selective laser melting method on product quality

Purpose. The development and application of additive technologies, which have a high rate of material utilization and significant production flexibility in the case of single and small-scale production, are relevant for solving various types of engineering problems. The final mechanical, technological and operational characteristics of products obtained by additive technologies are affected by a large number of initial parameters that can be varied in order to obtain the necessary properties of the material. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the parameters of shape formation by the method of selective laser melting, in particular the scanning plan, on the quality of the material and the productivity of production. The methods. To achieve the goal, studies of the microstructure of products obtained by different scanning plans were carried out using optical microscopy, during which the shape of a single track, as well as the structure of the material in different directions of the laser beam, were analyzed. Findings. The effect of particle size, the mechanism of formation of a metal product during selective laser melting is analyzed. The influence of the scanning plan on the porosity, strength, and productivity of manufacturing by the method of selective laser melting is shown. The correct choice of technological parameters, such as the power and speed of the laser beam, the thickness of the metal powder layer, the scanning step between two adjacent single tracks, ensures the minimization of the number and size of defects (pores, cracks, shells) in the product material. The originality. The process of metal powder melting in the process of shaping products by the method of selective laser melting is analyzed. The scheme of formation of a single track is obtained in the case of choosing different scanning schemes. A list of technological parameters, the variation of which affects the properties and quality of the product, has been formed. Practical implementation. The use of additive technologies for the molding of products in single and small-batch production allows to reduce the time of production preparation and reduce the amount of waste. When choosing technological parameters, one should understand their dependence on the final properties of the finished product, because the method of selective laser melting allows to obtain products of different porosity, strength and other properties.

Application of laser-shock-wave processing in additive technologies

The patterns of occurrence of residual stresses with the simultaneous use of additive technologies and lasershock-wave processing (LSWP) are studied. The mechanisms of thermal decrease and increase, mechanical decrease and increase of compressive residual stresses during layer-by-layer build-up of the material and LSWP are described. Keywords: additive technologies, laser-shock-wave processing, hybrid additive technology, finite element method, compressive residual stresses. sakhvadze@mail.ru