USB Port Research Articles

Investigation of the chaotic dynamics of the vertical strance of a human body on the model of an inverted pendulum

Different stances of human body are studied in medicine and biology for quantitative estimation and clinical diagnostics of impairments and diseases of the musculoskeletal, nervous, vestibular systems and functions. Human body is composed of ~200 bones and ~600 muscles, and its upright position is unstable due to high complexity of the system and its control mechanisms. Among different techniques of the body sway recording the stabilography is one of the most simple and cheap unit. It is composed by a force platform that can measure the reaction forces over the contact areas between two feet and the platform. The former is portable and can be connected to any laptop via USB port. In this study the functions controlling the vertical stance of a person are studied accounting for the nonlinear dynamics of oscillations of the projection (XC,YC) of center of mass (CM) of the body on the horizontal plane. The time series {XC(t),YC(t)} have been measured on 28 healthy volunteers (age 21-42, height 156-182 cm, body mass 48-84.8 kg). The volunteers were asked to keep a quiet stance on two feet, similar stances with body mass shifted onto the left and then onto the right leg. Each stance has been repeated during 30 s with open and then with closed eyes. After a short break a test with balancing on the left and then on the right leg has been perfrmed. For each case, based on the mathematical model of the inverted pendulum, the calculated control functions u(t) in the form u(t)=k1(r(t)-r0)+ k2(r/(t)-r/0), where r(t) is the radius-vector of the CM, r0 is its averaged value over time, (.)/ means the time derivative. Using statistical analysis, the absence of correlations between the control functions for both different subjects and for different positions of the body of the same volunteer was shown. Based on the calculations of the Lyapunov exponent, the individuals have been classified into groups with stable, weakly and highly unstable control of the vertical position of the body. The modeling of such systems in the framework of nondeterministic chaos models with nonlinear control is discussed.

Multyfunctional device for electrochemical analytical methods

The simple version of multyfunctional potentiostat-galvanostat MTech PG-410 based on microcontroller C8051F410 has been designed. The C8051F410 chip is fully integrated, low power, mixed-signal system-on-a-chip microconroller unit. It includes high-speed 8051-compatible core, precision programmable 24.5 MHz internal oscillator, 32 kbytes of on-chip flash memory, 12-bit 200 ksps analog to digital converter with analog multiplexer, two 12-bit current output digital to analog converters and 2.2 V voltage reference. The potentiostat-galvanostat controls the potential between the working electrode and the reference electrode in range ±2 V. The potentiostat-galvanostat has three ranges of measured current with manual selecting: ±0.5, ±2 and ±10 mA. The device can measure voltammograms under high sweep rate up to 4 000 mV/s. The device is equipped with RS232-USB converter based on PL2303 chip for power supply and communication with the computer through USB port. Computer program on Visual Basic 5.0 language for operating with potentiostat has been developed. This software allow to measure and visualize voltamperograms, chronopotentiograms, chronoamperograms, potentiometric and coulometric titration curves. For reduction of influence of electromagnetic noise and improvement signal/noise ratio the program makes digital processing of measured polarograms by Savitzky-Golay filter. Potentiostat-galvanostat MTech PG-410 has been successfully tested on model systems using resistive electrochemical equivalents. Also, the main measuring techniques embedded in the device were tested using well-known analysis methods: potentiometric titration of dichromate with Mohr's salt, coulometric titration of thiosulfate with electro-generated iodine and cyclic voltammetry of ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple. Keywords : potentiostat, galvanostat, microcontroller C8051F410, voltammetry, potentiometry.

Testing and evaluation of velocity selector control system of small angle neutron scattering spectrometer

Testing and evaluation of velocity selector control system of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometer has been done. It applied a unit of speed control variable AC, Optidrive Invertek Drives. This system is designed to be manually controlled and computerized. To control the Optidrive in manual mode, it can be done by keypad on the unit. The Optidrives can be controlled using computer by connecting the unit into a computer via USB port and OptiTools Studio software. Optidrive Invertek Drives need alternative current (AC) voltage one phase 220 volt with three phase out 220 volt. This out voltage is used as voltage source for moving the motor of disk in SANS neutron velocity selector. The speed of the disk in SANS neutron velocity selector is changed by adjusting the frequency from the Optidrive Invertek Drives. The numbers of speed of the disk determine the neutron wavelength passed through SANS neutron velocity selector. It is observed that every increasing frequency of 1 Hz, it will increase the disk speed by 59.929 rpm. The calibration that has been done for this system using silver behenate, obtain wavelength of the neutrons dependent to the disk speed. They are 3.10, 3.09, 3.41, 3.76, 4.23, 4.71, and 5.39 Å for disk speed 6500, 6000, 5500, 5000, 4500, 4000, and 3500 rpm respectively.

Oxford Nanopore MinION Sequencing Enables Rapid Whole Genome Assembly of Rickettsia typhi in a Resource-Limited Setting.

.The infrastructure challenges and costs of next-generation sequencing have been largely overcome, for many sequencing applications, by Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ portable MinION sequencer. However, the question remains open whether MinION-based bacterial whole genome sequencing is by itself sufficient for the accurate assessment of phylogenetic and epidemiological relationships between isolates and whether such tasks can be undertaken in resource-limited settings. To investigate this question, we sequenced the genome of an isolate of Rickettsia typhi, an important and neglected cause of fever across much of the tropics and subtropics, for which only three genomic sequences previously existed. We prepared and sequenced libraries on a MinION in Vientiane, Lao PDR, using v9.5 chemistry, and in parallel, we sequenced the same isolate on the Illumina platform in a genomics laboratory in the United Kingdom. The MinION sequence reads yielded a single contiguous assembly, in which the addition of Illumina data revealed 226 base-substitution and 5,856 indel errors. The combined assembly represents the first complete genome sequence of a human R. typhi isolate collected in the last 50 years and differed from the genomes of existing strains collected over a 90-year time period at very few sites, with no rearrangements. Filtering based on the known error profile of MinION data improved the accuracy of the nanopore-only assembly. However, the frequency of false-positive errors remained greater than true sequence divergence from recorded sequences. Although nanopore-only sequencing cannot yet recover phylogenetic signals in R. typhi, such an approach may be applicable for more diverse organisms.

A NOVEL TECHNIQUE TO MONITOR MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MODES OF OPERATION

Quantitative measurement of the effective usability of the medical equipment is an important parameter in the quality and performance assessment. This paper introduces a simple non-invasive technique for real time monitoring of medical equipment modes of operation based on its power consumption pattern. Mode of operation detection is needed to specify the medical equipment reliability, availability, maintainability and usability. The Electrical Signature Analysis technique (ESA), is applied to monitor the overall power consumption of the electromechanical and power components inside the medical equipment. ESA is extracted using the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the electric current measured by a meter interfaced to a PC via its USB port. The ESA of the medial equipment is recorded, analyzed and correlated with the stored electric current consumption patterns of each specific mode of operation. The results were promising to accomplish the medical equipment monitoring application.

A FIELD IMAGE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON EMBEDDED LINUX

Demands for real-time field monitoring systems are increasing in order to pass good agricultural cultivation practices down to future generations. In this study, a low cost and robust field image monitoring system was developed for acquiring real-time conditions from remote sites. The system consists of inexpensive commercial USB devices and an embedded Linux based broadband router equipped with some USB ports. A 3G USB modem dongle and data communication were used to access the Internet. The total cost of the system was almost 300 US dollars. Field experiments showed that this system met most of the requirements for field image monitoring in agriculture. In our research, the field image monitoring system was built using a WL-500gP v1 with a USB port as a CPU board, using embedded Linux and various USB devices. As a result of field experiments in which this system was installed outdoors, it was possible to demonstrate that it can withstand even high- temperature conditions, in which the interior of the system enclosure reaches 50 °C, as was the case during the 6-month installation period which included the summer. In addition, this system can connect to the network using cellular phone communication even in an area as a field where a wired network connection cannot be used. That is a gateway of the network in the field.

FPGA-based USB 2.0 data monitoring and acquisition circuit function and simulation design

This paper builds a system based on FPGA, which is used for USB 2.0 data monitor, simulate and verify system. To build the system, and construction of hardware experimental platforms and logical module programming with HDL are both required. The core of the system is FPGA and ULPI peripherals, which extend two external USB ports for FPGA. By using HDL to package ULPI core, generate data buffer and relays module, and build the connection between ULPI data transceiver. And the function of data monitor and collection will be accomplished. The cooperation simulations by using ISE and ModelSim is using for system analyzation, modification, and verification.

Creating and Deploying USB Port Covers at Hudson County Community College

In 2016, Hudson County (NJ) Community College (HCCC) deployed several wireless keyboards and mice with its iMac computers. Shortly after deployment, library staff found that each device’s required USB receiver (a.k.a. dongle) would disappear frequently. As a result, HCCC library staff developed and deployed 3D printed port covers to enclose these dongles. This, for a time, proved very successful in preventing the issue. This article will discuss the development of these port covers, their deployment, and what worked and did not work about the project.

A Secure Boot Loader System for Loading an Operating System with Fingerprint Authentication

In today’s world, people are constantly on move and portable systems are in demand. With technology advancement, people exploit different types of memory devices for a portable system. For any external boot medium, the BIOS boot order setting change is required. The dynamic boot loader successfully eliminated this dependency and allowed the user to directly boot from any portable USB. The usage of USB has grown exponentially in recent years and securing it has become a major concern. In this paper, the USB is devised as a highly secured portable boot medium with fingerprint authentication to ensure data security. It performs feature extraction by combining both Local Directional Pattern (LDP) and Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) which improves the accuracy rate. The classification is performed by random forest classifier, such that the intended users alone are granted access to the private storage area of the USB drive.

Innovative Payment System for Hospitality Sector using Near Field Communication Smart Bracelet and Arduino

Hospitality is among well-established industries that plays an important role in driving better customer experience. Adopting emergent technology is not widely noticed in this industry since the hosts still adopt the same payment models, namely credit cards or cash in their transactions in hotels. Our aim in this paper is to introduce a cost-effective, secure and convenient payment system that fits the hospitality context, which will completely enhance customer experience by providing more enjoyable hassle-free stay at hotels or resorts. Smart silicon bracelet equipped with RFID tag is used as a payment mode at different hotels and resorts facilities (spa, restaurant, Jacuzzi, and shops). Arduino card coupled with RFID/NFC reader is used as payment machine that can be easily plugged in the USB port without any prior configuration. Consequently, convenience, cost-effectiveness and new customer experience are provided through this new payment system by preventing hosts from carrying wallet within the resort facilities. Detailed use –case scenarios are presented and discussed.

Microcontroller Based Multichannel Data Acquisition System using LabVIEW

Microcontroller based Multichannel Data acquisition system (DAS) using LabVIEW is presented. This system is facilitated by using the built-in 10-bit ADCs and digital I/Os of the microcontroller. In a typical setup for analogue voltage measurement, under program control, this system keeps on monitoring the voltage on analogue inputs and makes the digital equivalent and transfer to PC through USB port. It also allows to read digital inputs and to write digital outputs under program control by PC. The controlling program on PC was developed by LabVIEW which is used to read this input at pre-decided time intervals. The controlling program reads these values and process accordingly. Microcontroller programs are also developed and tested successfully. The DAS was successfully used to monitor analog voltage during the laboratory experiments. It is also used for reading data from a temperature sensor. The results reveal that the DAS is suitable and easy method for real time data acquisition. It is expected that this developed system may contribute in the field of automation.

Design & Control of Low Cost Solar Tree for Optimizing a PV System

This concept shows the design and control of a solar tree PV system for charging cell phones, supplying electricity for street lighting on open urban areas and charging of electric bike on the road side when the charge is decaying. Based on the above applications, a 7 feet height-tree was built. It has three section of branches, each branches contains 5 sub stem over which leaves made of acrylic with solar panels on the top (1.5 feet × 1feet) mounted. The energy storage capacity is 30 Amp. It has 2 USB ports to connect mobile devices and two 12V-300 W electrical outlets to connect those devices to the electricity. The solar tree was designed according to the environmental conditions of Gunupur, Odisha and for optimizing the output power a flow chart with programming developed. The result was compared with the C language programme. At the last, the PV system's availability to satisfy the energetic requirements was verified. Due to population growth and energy demands, the solar energy is the 2nd best source of non conventional energy which is cause pollution free in nature. By using the concept of the series and parallel connection of panel with the help of sub branch of the main stem the efficiency of the system can be improved. As compared to normal PV system in area point of view the Solar tree becomes more efficient. There is no systematic stimulation for usage of solar panels, purely relying on individual cases of installation on different types of objects. Solar tree may be very much helpful for creating awareness about solar resource. This concept elaborates the possibility of building a solar tree in GIET campus odisha, India, covering technical, social and economic aspects. Benefits and potential drawbacks are elaborated, while special emphasis is given to the specifics of its utilization due to the geographical position of odisha and corresponding number of sunny hours/days per year.

Home Energy Security Prototype using Microcontroller Based on Fingerprint Sensor

The globalization era brings rapid development in technology.The human need for speed and easiness pushed them toinnovate, such as in the security field. Initially, the securitysystem was conducted manually and impractical compared tonowadays system. A security technology that is developed wasbiometric application, particularly fingerprint. Fingerprintbasedsecurity became a reliable enough system because of itsaccuracy level, safe, secure, and comfortable to be used ashousing security system identification. This research aimed todevelop a security system based on fingerprint biometric takenfrom previous researches by optimizing and upgrading theprevious weaknesses. This security system could be a solutionto a robbery that used Arduino UNO Atmega328P CH340 R3Board Micro USB port. The inputs were fingerprint sensor, 4x5keypad, and magnetic sensor, whereas the outputs were 12 Vsolenoid, 16x2 LCD, GSM SIM800L module, LED, andbuzzer. The advantage of this security system was its ability togive a danger sign in the form of noise when the systemdetected the wrong fingerprint or when it detects a forcedopening. The system would call the homeowner then. Otherthan that, this system notified the homeowner of all of theactivities through SMS so that it can be used as a long-distanceobservation. This system was completed with a push button toopen the door from the inside. The maximum fingerprints thatcould be stored were four users and one admin. The admin’sjob was to add/delete fingerprints, replace the home owner’sphone number, and change the system’s PIN. The resultsshowed that the fingerprint sensor read the prints in a relativelyfast time of 1.136 seconds. The average duration that wasneeded to send an SMS was 69 seconds while through call was3.2 seconds.

IOT Based Automated Attendance with Face Recognition System

Our Paper involves the student attendance and faculty attendance. The student attendance is marked by face recognition. For face detection and face recognition the raspberry pi. If the camera is connected to Raspberry pi USB port then only images will capture of the students who are available in the class for face detection. The captured images recognises with stored images then in that images we will recognize the faces of every student and according to thatattendance will be given to that subject class. This process is carried out for every class and students are given attendance accordingly. Faculty attendance is monitored with this project. A unique RFID card is given to the faculty, when faculty enters the classroom swipes the RFID card attendance will be marked with date and time. ESP8266 is used along with OLED to display the faculty attendance. We can mark the attendance at any time without any human Intervention.

Дослідження та аналіз роботи мікропроцесорного пристрою в умовах зміни потужності споживача

Microprocessor relay protection devices have the ability to reprogram the implementation of certain functions without changing the composition of hardware and implementation of algorithms for the detection of complex damage, automation of diagnostic processes and hardware adjustment. Research and justification for the correct setting up of microprocessor terminals used in high voltage switchgear systems at power supply facilities is an important stage for servicing, and in the future, increasing the reliability of each element's operation in particular, which will affect the uninterrupted power supply. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and investigate the operation of the microprocessor device in the conditions of changing the load of consumers. In this article, the rationale and analysis of the operation of the PC-83A2.0 microprocessor device under conditions of changing the power of the consumer is carried out. In particular, the device was studied using Codis and RZA Oscillog software, which allows for setting the relay protection and automation systems in high-voltage switchgears of the power supply system, in particular, setting current values, displaying information on the device board, controlling the switch and other parameters. A description and analysis of the software menu operation has been carried out; individual characteristics of the oscillograms are shown when the load of the power supply object changes. In particular, telecontrol modes were investigated using the indicator relays, the operation of the device's discrete inputs was analyzed. The work uses research and analysis of configuration, measurement and control. Constructed vector diagrams of consumption currents. The study of phase currents and zero-sequence current 3І0н. According to the operation of the relay built a normal inverse characteristic. A thermal characteristic was also constructed with a partial memory of the device (according to IEC 255-8) with a pre-emergency current equal to 80 % of the set current. The above expressions allow to determine the response time of the current protection in accordance with the normally inverse and thermal characteristics. Settings and settings in the microprocessor device can be done individually in the device menu by the buttons on the front panel, as well as from the program "Codis" individually for each parameter or downloading the entire set of arrays of settings and files in the device memory. In all configuration modes, setup, debugging and checking of the device, its communication with the computer and the top-level program is carried out through the local information network with the RS-485 interface or the USB port on the front of the device. The use of such a microprocessor terminal will enable the correct and detailed analysis of the work of relay protection and automation of power supply systems.

Supplementing a Traditional Human Gross Anatomy Course with Ultrasound Training

Advances in scientific knowledge and advances in treatments and diagnostic tools has placed an increase in demand with regard to basic science and clinical skills training in medical school. Ultrasound imaging has been used routinely in emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology and other disciplines. As technology advances and equipment costs decline, there is an increasing demand to use this technology. The Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) chose to incorporate ultrasound technology into its medical school curriculum. To facilitate training, SonoSim Ultrasound Training Solution was chosen. This program provides a course library that reviews basic anatomy, ultrasound images and ultrasound techniques. A Mastery test is available to assess student learning. The simulator includes real ultrasound images viewed on the student's laptop. Images are manipulated using a probe attached to the USB port. The program allows for adjustment of standard features of an ultrasound machine. The anatomy course at PCOM is divided into four sections: Back and upper limb; lower limb and thorax; abdomen and pelvis; head and neck. Ultrasound workshops were chosen to complement the anatomy: Fundamentals of Ultrasound and Shoulder; Knee and Heart; GI tract and Female Pelvis; Cerebrovascular and Thyroid. Students were assigned the Anatomy and Physiology Courses from the SonoSim library and required to pass the Mastery Test ( <75%) prior to attending the workshops. Workshops were scheduled for 1 hour during which students used the simulator to view ultrasound images. Images, annotations or measurements taken using the calipers were saved to their account. The instructor reviewed all Mastery Test scores, images and annotations using the Performance Tracker. To improve the quality of ultrasound training, students were asked to complete a survey at the end of the course. The survey was anonymous and no personal information was collected. Forty‐three percent of the class completed the survey. A majority of the students were satisfied with the Course Library and the Simulations (70% and 66%, respectively). The Mastery Tests were considered difficult by 70% of the class which may have influenced their satisfaction with the course. Only 31% of the students felt they understood the anatomy in the ultrasound images with 89% of the students relying on the probe guides in the program to obtain the images required. The students felt this training would benefit them as future physicians (55%) and helped them understand the general anatomy (61%). Based on student feedback, there are several opportunities to improve ultrasound training. Additional guidance in understanding the anatomy of the ultrasound images is in development. Since the Fundamentals of Ultrasound was the least favorite workshop (30%) students will be given more time to become familiar with the simulator. While a majority of the students (59%) felt the 8 workshops were an appropriate number for the course, the addition of clinical procedures such as subclavian catheterization and FAST exams are being considered. It will be several years before we can assess the impact of ultrasound training on clinical skills. This student feedback has provided us with valuable insight to improve the quality of ultrasound training in our Gross Anatomy Course.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM DETEKSI OBJEK PADA ROBOT KRSBI BERBASIS MINI PC RASPBERRY PI 3

KRSBI Wheeled is One of the competitions on the Indonesian Robot Contest,. It is a football match that plays 3 robot full autonomous versus other teams. The robot uses a drive in the form of wheels that are controlled in such a way, to be able to do the work the robot uses a camera sensor mounted on the front of the robot, while for movement in the paper author uses 3 omni wheel so the robot can move in all directions to make it easier towards the ball object. For the purposes of image processing and input and output processing the author uses a Single Board Computer Raspberry PI 3 are programmed using the Python programming language with OpenCV image processing library, to optimize the work of Single Board Computer(SBC) Raspberry PI 3 Mini PC assisted by the Microcontroller Arduino Mega 2560. Both devices are connected serially via the USB port. Raspberry PI will process the image data obtained webcam camera input. Next, If the ball object can be detected the object's position coordinates will be encoded in character and sent to the Microcontroller Arduino Mega 2560. Furthermore, Arduino mega 2560 will process data to drive the motors so that can move towards the position of the ball object. Based on the data from the maximum distance test results that can be read by the camera sensor to be able to detect a ball object is �5 meters with a maximum viewing angle of 120 �.

Keeping what real? Vinyl records and the future of independent culture

The revived popularity of vinyl records in the United States provides a unique opportunity for ‘rethinking the distinction between new and old media’. With vinyl, the new/old dichotomy informs a more specific opposition between digital and analog. The vinyl record is an iconic analog artifact whose physical creation and circulation cannot be digitized. Making records involves arduous craft labor and old-school manufacturing, and the process remains essentially the same as it was in 1960. Vinyl culture and commerce today, however, abound with digital media: the majority of vinyl sales occur online, the download code is a familiar feature of new vinyl releases, and turntables outfitted with USB ports and Bluetooth are outselling traditional models. This digital disconnect between the contemporary traffic in records and their fabrication makes the vinyl revival an ideal case example for interrogating the limitations of new and old as conceptual horizons for media and for proffering alternative historical formulations and critical frameworks. Toward that end, my analysis of the revitalized vinyl economy in the United States suggests that the familiar (and always porous) distinction between corporate and independent continues to offer media studies a more salient spectrum, conceptually and empirically, than new-old or analog-digital. Drawing on ethnographic research along vinyl’s current supply chain in the United States, I argue that scholars and supporters of independent culture should strive to decouple the digital and the analog from the corporate, rather than from one another. The pressing question about the future of vinyl is not, will there continue to be a place for analog formats alongside the digital; but rather, to what extent can physical media circulate independently of the same corporate interests that have come to dominate popular culture in its digital forms?

Investigating the potential of body fluid identification using the Oxford Nanopore MinION

ABSTRACTAs the interest in massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in forensic science continues to grow, the technology available to do such work is rapidly developing. An instrument of particular interest is the Oxford Nanopore MinION, a portable USB sequencer. In addition to shorter library preparation time, the MinION sequencer produces ultra-long reads allowing for sequencing of full-length transcripts. Direct RNA and cDNA kits eliminate the need for PCR. However, PCR-free methods require relatively high amounts of input RNA, which could be problematic with the small, degraded samples common in forensic casework. We have initially assessed the performance and feasibility of the MinION for forensic RNA using salivary gland and tongue RNA.

Tuning parameters of the isochronous endpoint of a USB peripheral device in a multimedia system

Data exchange in the multimedia system between the camera and the computer can be realized via the USB communication interface. Applying the USB port requires tuning the port parameters in such systems to ensure the quality of the services (multimedia) provided. The tuning of the communication system depends on such selection of port parameters to optimize the imposed criteria. The authors proposed a quality criterion based on the USB isochronous interval. The paper briefly presents the quality measure and the transmission model of the data package. Next, the problem of tuning the USB port was presented based on the selected parameters (MaxPacketSize and MaxBurst) of the endpoint of the peripheral device. To assess the impact of the selected parameter on the quality of services in the system, a statistical test for homoscedasticity of empirical distributions of isochronous intervals, was used. Besides the results of the conducted experiments for the selected parameters presented in the paper, the authors also tried to explain the obtained results in relation to the specification of the USB port.