USB Interface Research Articles

Magnetization of Biodiesel (Cooking Oil Waste) to Temperature and Pressure Combustion in Diesel Engine

Research related to the provision of magnetic field strength in the flow of fuel that can cause more complete combustion has been reported by many researchers and most of these observations were carried out by measuring machine performance using a dynamometer. Given the dynamometer prices are very expensive then another way to prove the occurrence of complete combustion is through the combustion chamber indicator. The hypothesis is the greater magnetic field passed by fuel, the more perfect the combustion is. In addition, the combustion chamber temperature also increases and thermal efficiency increases. The fuel used is biodiesel derived from cooking oil waste, biodiesel 100% (denoted as B0), a blend of biodiesel (20%)-diesel (80%) (denoted as B20), a blend of biodiesel (40%)-diesel (60%) (denoted as B40), a blend of biodiesel (30%)-diesel (30%) (denoted as B70), and diesel 100% (denoted as B100). The magnetic field used is 500 Gauss, 900 Gauss and 1500 Gauss. Measurement of combustion temperature is using R type temperature sensor, which is connected to the NI USB interface to computer and LabVIEW for data acquisition. 13 HP capacity of diesel engine was used. The results obtained is 13 % temperature increase in the combustion chamber of the engine and 7 - 12% thermal efficiency increase equipped with a magnet compared to a non-magnetic engine.

МЕДИЧНА ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА СИСТЕМА МОНІТОРИНГУ СТАНУ ЗДОРОВ'Я НАСЕЛЕННЯ ІЗ ЗАХИСТОМ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНИХ ДАНИХ

Наведено результати розробки нової медичної інформаційної системи на основі баз даних для моніторингу ряду показників стану здоров'я населення. Інформаційна система розроблена нами для моніторингу в часі ряду біохімічних та інших чисельних показників, що характеризують стан організму обстежуваної особи в умовах тих територій українського Полісся, що зазнали екологічного забруднення внаслідок Чорнобильської катастрофи. Система є мережевою, Інтернет-базованою, містить ряд взаємопов'язаних електронних баз упорядкованих даних із відповідним виводом цієї інформації на монітори, в тому числі даних біохімічної лабораторії щодо наявності речовин-забруцню-вачів довкілля в організмі. Передбачена можливість попереднього автоматизованого аналізу даних, а також захист персональних даних пацієнтів та інших обстежених осіб за допомогою оригінальної розробки електронного апаратного ключа. Наведено інформацію про структуру розробленої системи, її функції та функції деяких її найважливіших блоків, зразки розробленого авторами програмного забезпечення та засобів захисту інформації.

Low-Cost Active Thermography using Cellphone Infrared Cameras: from Early Detection of Dental Caries to Quantification of THC in Oral Fluid

Active thermography (AT) is a widely studied non-destructive testing method for the characterization and evaluation of biological and industrial materials. Despite its broad range of potential applications, commercialization and wide-spread adaption of AT has long been impeded by the cost and size of infrared (IR) cameras. In this paper, we demonstrate that this cost and size limitation can be overcome using cell-phone attachment IR cameras. A software development kit (SDK) is developed that controls camera attributes through a simple USB interface and acquires camera frames at a constant frame rate up to 33 fps. To demonstrate the performance of our low-cost AT system, we report and discuss our experimental results on two high impact potential applications. The first set of experiments is conducted on a dental sample to investigate the clinical potential of the developed low-cost technology for detecting early dental caries, while the second set of experiments is conducted on the oral-fluid based lateral flow immunoassay to determine the viability of our technology for detecting and quantifying cannabis consumption at the point-of-care. Our results suggest achievement of reliable performance in the low-cost platform, comparable to those of costly and bulky research-grade systems, paving the way for translation of AT techniques to market.

Research on New Macro-Moving 3D Mouse Based on 3-UPS Space Parallel Mechanism

This paper describes a new macro-moving 3D mouse with STC89C52 chip as the control core, combined with A/D conversion chip, sensors, USB interface and using 3-UPS space parallel mechanism. The 3D mouse has obvious motion perception, good real-time performance, high reliability, excellent technical performance, convenient operation, low cost and excellent performance, which meets people’s needs and has a broad application prospect.

Rapid and Accurate Pressure Sensing Device for Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure.

PurposeIntraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Current devices measure IOP via the dynamic response of the healthy cornea and do not provide the accurate IOP measurements for patients with altered corneal biomechanics. We seek to develop and test an accurate needle-based IOP measurement device that is not cornea dependent.MethodsOur device combines a high-resolution pressure microsensor with 30- and 33-gauge Luer lock needles to provide IOP measurements via a microcontroller and USB interface to a computer. The device was calibrated in a membrane chamber and then tested and validated in the anterior chamber and post-vitrectomy vitreous chamber of rabbit eyes. The results were compared to Tonopen readings across a pressure range of 0 to 100 mm Hg, imposed in increments of 10 mm Hg.ResultsBoth the needle based sensor device and the Tonopen demonstrated a linear relationship with changes in imposed pressure. The Tonopen was found to consistently underestimate the IOP both in the anterior and vitreous chambers. The Tonopen exhibited a significantly greater error than our needle-based sensor device. With increased pressure (>30 mm Hg), the error of the Tonopen increased, whereas the error of our device did not. The 30-gauge needle produces an insignificant improvement in accuracy over the 33-gauge needle.ConclusionsA needle-based sensor device enables accurate IOP measurements over a broad range of induced IOP.Translational RelevanceDirect measurement of IOP in the anterior chamber circumvents the influence of corneal parameters on IOP measurement.

Design on a wearable armband device for assessing the motion function of upper limbs

With the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s need for daily health monitoring is increasingly urgent, making human activity assessment based on wearable devices a new research hotspot in the field of pattern recognition and machine learning. In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of mobile medicine, the development of new armband-type wearable upper limb motor function evaluation systems has become increasingly important. This paper designs a human motion signal acquisition system composed of terminal nodes and gateway nodes. The terminal node is worn on the arm part of the human body, collects movement data of the corresponding part, and receives commands from the gateway node wirelessly. Multiple terminal nodes work in an orderly manner under the coordination of the gateway nodes, and the data of each node in the same experiment maintains high synchronization. In addition, the gateway node is connected to the upper computer through the USB interface, and is responsible for the construction of the wireless communication network of the entire system and the forwarding of the commands from the upper computer. In the case of hardware circuit and software design, power consumption and performance tests were performed on the hardware nodes of the evaluation system, and upper limb movement functions were tested. The test results show that the system is safe and reliable.

The Rehapiano-Detecting, Measuring, and Analyzing Action Tremor Using Strain Gauges.

We have developed a device, the Rehapiano, for the fast and quantitative assessment of action tremor. It uses strain gauges to measure force exerted by individual fingers. This article verifies the device’s capability to measure and monitor the development of upper limb tremor. The Rehapiano uses a precision, 24-bit, analog-to-digital converter and an Arduino microcomputer to transfer raw data via a USB interface to a computer for processing, database storage, and evaluation. First, our experiments validated the device by measuring simulated tremors with known frequencies. Second, we created a measurement protocol, which we used to measure and compare healthy patients and patients with Parkinson’s disease. Finally, we evaluated the repeatability of a quantitative assessment. We verified our hypothesis that the Rehapiano is able to detect force changes, and our experimental results confirmed that our system is capable of measuring action tremor. The Rehapiano is also sensitive enough to enable the quantification of Parkinsonian tremors.

Research of compromising USB interface electromagnetic emanations in the infocommunication networks control system

One of the key directions in the development of modern society is the formation of an integrated information space based on the latest information technologies. The widespread use of information technologies and infocommunication networks for the transmission, reception, processing and storage of information in various fields of activity, on the one hand, contributes to an increase in the efficiency of this activity, and on the other hand, it causes the emergence of threats of information leakage through technical channels, which are understood as the uncontrolled dissemination of information signal from its source through the physical environment to a technical means that intercepts information. In the list of threats, an important place is occupied by threats of information leakage through channels of compromising electromagnetic emanations, as well as a result of interference of information signals in power lines of technical means of information processing, connecting lines of auxiliary technical means and systems, ground circuits and extraneous conductors. To protect information from its leakage due to compromising electromagnetic emanations through communications connecting the system blocks of computing facilities with peripheral devices, it is important to analyze the formation of these signals and emissions. The article presents the results of the study of compromising electromagnetic emanations of the USB 2.0 interface, carried out to solve the problems of assessing the security of information at the objects of information activity. The processes of formation of technical channels of information leakage by compromising electromagnetic emanations at use of the USB-interface in structure of control system of information and communication networks are considered. The images of the signal levels of the compromising electromagnetic emanations of the USB 2.0 interface obtained with the spectrum analyzer ROHDE & SCHWARZ FSW 13 (Signal & Spectrum Analyzer) using the R & S Active Dipole Antenna HE527 are shown. As a result of the analysis of the form and spectrum of signals in the USB cable (test mode is off, test mode is on) it is established that in the USB interface there is a constant transmission of service packets to support the interface. When the test mode is turned on, additional pulse sequences appear on the spectrogram. The frequency of the first harmonic for the USB 2.0 interface is in the region of 240 MHz.

Development of a hardware-software measurement system for the collection, detection, and processing of photoplethysmograms

A photoplethysmograph with a data acquisition circuit board, using a USB interface and an analog optical sensor, was developed. This study describes an information system for collecting, processing, and storing photoplethysmographic pulse curves. Using a photoplethysmograph, a small sample was collected for processing using a software package written in the MATLAB programming environment.

Model-Based Deep Encoding Based on USB Transmission for Modern Edge Computing Architectures

With the advance of deep neural networks (DNNs), artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied to various applications in our daily lives. These DNN-based models can be stored in portable storage disks or low-power Neural Compute Sticks. They can then be deployed in edge devices through the USB interface for AI-based applications, such as Automatic Diagnosis Systems or Smart Surveillance Systems, which provides solutions to incorporating AI into the Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, based on our observation and careful analysis, we propose a model-based deep encoding method built upon Huffman coding to compress a DNN model transmitted through the USB interface to edge devices. Based on the proposed lopsidedness estimation approach, we can exploit a modified Huffman coding method to increase the USB transmission efficiency for quantized DNN models while reducing the computational cost entailed by the coding process. We conducted experiments on several benchmarking DNN models compressed using three emerging quantization techniques, which indicates that our method can achieve a high compression ratio of 88.72%, with 93.76% of the stuffing bits saved on average.

Focus on photonics, spectrometry, and spectroscopy

Focus on photonics, spectrometry, and spectroscopy

Design of High Speed Data Acquisition System for Linear Array CCD Based on FPGA

Abstract Linear array CCD has been widely used in non-contact photoelectric detection system, and the design of its driving circuit is one of the key technologies of the detection system. A high-speed data acquisition system of linear array CCD based on FPGA as the main controller and FT245RL as the USB interface chip is proposed. Firstly, based on the timing analysis of linear array CCD, using Verilog Hardware Description Language, the interface timing logic control circuit of linear array CCD driver, ADC and USB is designed. The functions of collecting 3648 pixels at a rate of 10 frames per second and uploading transient spectral information to PC for storage and display through USB2.0 interface are realized. It can provide a technical reference for CCD data acquisition system with similar requirements.

New Computer Controlled High Resolution Programmable Validation System for Research in Electronics Hardware

Conventional methods for validation of electronics hardware research are susceptible to manual measurement errors, and give limited accuracy of 8 to 10 bits. These methods are also time consuming and do not ensure accuracy in validation of performance parameters. Hence, a new computer controlled high resolution programmable hardware research validation system has been proposed here for testing the electronics hardware systems. The test signals with high resolution (16 bit) and high accuracy are generated using multiplying digital to analog converter (MDAC) with high reference bandwidth. The output signals are measured with the same resolution and accuracy using 16 bit analog to digital converter (ADC). The output data is transferred to the PC through USB interface for further analysis using Teensy 3.6 card. The signals can be generated in bandwidth of 0-10MHz in step size which can be as small as 10μV and as large as 600mv which is user programmable. This proposed system has been designed, constructed and tested. The experimental results of this system have been reported here which ascertain the performance of the system. With this system, manual errors in measurement are avoided and testing time is significantly reduced. The reported system is low cost economic solution for validating the electronic research work in academic institutes.

Control of Surface Density of Textile Materials Using Automated Scanning System

The paper demonstrates the importance of controlling the surface density of textiles, which include mainly fabrics, knitted fabrics and nonwoven fabrics, in order to improve the quality of their manufacture.
 It considers the most accurate methods of controlling surface density by determining the mass to area ratio of the textile sample. And it is also shown that, in addition to high accuracy, such met­hods have many fundamental disadvantages: the need to obtain a sample of textile material, low productivity, inability to automate the process of determining surface density, and so on.
 In addition, it deals with optical methods for controlling surface density based on the imaging of textile material and its subsequent analysis. However, the presence of factors such as entanglement complexity, the presence of pores, and some others does not fully reveal the potential of optical surface density methods.
 The paper also shows that at different points in the surface of the textile material, its surface density may differ significantly from its average value. Therefore, there is a need for an automated scanning system that allows radiating and receiving electroacoustic converters to be moved to exactly the point of the surface of the textile material whose surface density requires measurement.
 In order to solve the problem, it was proposed to use a toothed belt gear, and to drive it with the help of step motors controlled through drivers. In turn, to communicate drivers with the control computer, it was proposed to use a microcontroller with an integrated USB interface (for example, manufactured by Microchip Technology Inc.), and software for it to write in one of the high-
 level programming languages (for example, C #).
 This construction of the automated scanning system is due to the fact that the existing means of linear movement, in terms of the design of the scanning system, have a lot of redundancy: too much cost, too much accuracy, the need to use specialized software, and so on.
 The use of the proposed linear positioning means will allow the scanning system to have sufficiently high metrological characteristics at a relatively low cost.

An IoT Enabled Worker Safety System Using Gas and Temperature System

This paper aims to build up a model for an online remote gas and temperature checking device for worker’s safety in sewage pipelines. The device is WSN based microcontroller equipped with analog and digital sensor. The design included several units mainly: Arduino Microcontroller MQ-135, DHT11, Gas and Temperature Sensors, and the current regulator circuit. The sensors are connected with a microcontroller through an ADC for advanced flag change and information logging. An LCD show is likewise associated with the microcontroller to show the estimations. For examination and filing purposes, the information can be exchanged to a PC with a graphical UI program through a USB interface. The device displays toxic gas and workers real-time position, transmit information remotely via a graphical user interface to IBM bluemix provide adjacent help. By keeps observing, this model will prone to diminish mishaps and slowly spares an existence. The model has numerous points of interest when contrasted with other checking frameworks as far as its littler size, gigantic memory limits, on-gadget show, bring down cost and more noteworthy versatility.

FLEXIBLE ROBOTIC ELECTRONIC SKIN WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY SENSOR ARRAYS

In this paper, we propose a flexible robotic electronic skin (e-skin) with high sensitivity sensor arrays. The sensor arrays are designed and fabricated on thin flexible silicone film. It uses piezo-resistive material Samarian Monosulphide and graphite rods for interconnection between the layers. Along with the pressure sensing capability of SmS, temperature and humidity sensors are also integrated in the silicone layers along with photovoltaic thin layer cells that provide energy independence to the module. The data procured from the e-skin is transferred to the analog to digital converter unit and further, to the PC through USB interface for analysis.

A wearable wireless device designed for surface electromyography acquisition

A wearable surface electromyography (sEMG) acquisition system with simple structure and high performance cost ratio is designed for the portability. Both signal collection part and receiving part are included. The former one involves surface electrodes, signal processing circuits, A/D conversion, three-axis acceleration sensor and main control unit, among which the signal processing circuits include pre-amplifier circuit, filter circuit and voltage lifting circuit. The later one includes main control unit, USB interface circuit and receiving host. There is eight-channel concurrency for wireless sEMG signal acquisition and analysis. The system can be used to research and analyze the motor pattern of the human body which shows greater sEMG signal collection. It can also be applied to rehabilitation therapy, motor assessment and pathological diagnosis.

Mold optimization design of metal powder injection product USB interface based on Mold Flow analysis

Metal powder injection molding technology (metal injection molding, the MIM) can achieve a mass in the small and medium-sized complex shape product preparation, low cost, which is of great significance in promoting the production of products and applications.In this paper, taking the USB interface parts made of 17-4ph stainless steel as an example, through scheme verification, the optimized and reasonable die structure is obtained, the 3d modeling of the parts is carried out with UG, and MoldFlow software is used for MoldFlow analysis.The design cycle is shortened and the design quality is improved.

Ultra-low-light-level digital still camera for autonomous underwater vehicle

In deep ocean applications, a camera’s viewing range is related to its low-light-level performance. Hence, a high-resolution ultra-low-light-level digital still camera (thereafter L3DSC), designed from the ground up for deep ocean autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) imaging, is presented. A high-resolution (1024 × 1024) electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) is adopted as an image sensor to ensure low-light capability. A thermo electric cooler (TEC) is employed to lower image sensor temperature to promote low-light-level performance. Totem pole circuits that are able to generate 50-V pulse wave at 10 MHz are implemented to drive the EM pin, and power consumption of the circuit is optimized. An EMCCD digital image is buffered in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and then transferred through USB interface to a solid-state drive (SSD), which is installed in the image storage unit. The camera is controlled by AUV via Ethernet, and image data stored in the camera could be downloaded via the same interface after AUV retrieved from the sea. The camera module is mounted into a 6000-m depth-rate titanium alloy housing. The diagonal field of view is measured to be 58.4 deg in air. Experiments show that the minimum scene illumination of L3DSC is better than 5 × 10 − 4 Lux; underwater imaging distance is longer than 10 m, and total image data capacity is 200 gigabytes. These results demonstrate the camera’s low-light-level imaging performance and feasibility for AUV applications.

METHODOLOGY AND MEANS OF OPERATIONAL MONITORING OF ELECTRIC MOTORS AT COMPRESSOR STATIONS

The present technical condition of the fleet of electric motors serving the actuators of the infrastructure facilities of the fuel and energy complex is presented. The statistics of damage and damage from abnormal operation of electric drive units operating on mechanisms with a fan and pump load are given. The analysis of the causes of the increase in the range of vibration displacement, which leads to premature failure of electric motors, is given. A method for reliably determining the causes of damage, based on measuring and analyzing the electrical parameters of the harmonic spectrum of the motor current, is proposed. Its essence consists in creation of the universal diagnostic system working at the physical principle at which any indignations in work of an electric and mechanical part of the engine and related actuator lead to modulation of the consumed current. Existence in a range of current of characteristic frequencies of a certain size demonstrates existence of these or those damages. The device for its implementation includes phase current sensors of the supply voltage, a signal conditioner for normalizing and filtering signals, an analog-to-digital converter with a USB interface, and a controller with software for analyzing, evaluating, and diagnosing the condition. Experimental results have been obtained confirming the adequacy of the methodology and technical means for monitoring electric motors of various mechanisms.