Usage Of Strategies Research Articles

Associations between maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation strategies and aggressive behavior: A systematic review

Aggression has been found to have negative consequences for the victims and the aggressors. The general aggression model explains the process that results in aggressive outcomes, and it emphasizes the role of emotion regulation. The purpose of this review was to systematically review available evidence on the relationship between the use of emotion regulation strategies and aggression. The Medline and PsycInfo databases were searched for articles in English and Spanish and 104 studies were identified. These studies examined associations between maladaptive and adaptive emotional regulation strategies with different types of aggressive behavior. Together, their results provide evidence that maladaptive strategies (e.g., rumination) were positively associated with aggression, while adaptive ones (e.g., mindfulness) were negatively associated. This relationship appears to be consistent across ages, populations, and types of aggression. Most of the studies explored the relationship between aggression and arumination, with several experimental and longitudinal studies supporting that this strategy leads to higher levels of aggression. However, most of the studies with adult samples used university participants, and only a few examined the simultaneous usage of adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Findings are discussed in relation to the general model of aggression and the clinical applications of emotion regulation strategies.

Evaluation of the Visual Comfort and Daylight Performance of the Visual Art Classrooms

The daylight in classrooms is a crucial aspect that affects the quality of the learning environment and the overall performance of the students. Visual arts, such as painting, sculpture, carving, textile design and photography, require specific lighting conditions, which are different from the regular classroom standards. Due to the limited number of studies in this area, it is necessary to examine the specificities of different types of visual arts and to provide specific design guidelines for lighting enhancement. This study focuses on the evaluation of the daylight performance of the classrooms of the “Jordan Misja” art school located in Tirana, Albania. The research methodology begins with the site survey and observations. Ten art studios are selected, including painting, sculpture, scenography, photography, textiles, carving, drawing, and mixed arts. Further, computational simulations including the illuminance, daylight factor and the glare are conducted in order to evaluate the daylight performance. The daylight satisfaction survey is focused on the visual comfort, glare, usage of artificial light and light control strategies. Based on that, the generalized standards for the arts and crafts studios are revised and specific design strategies and daylight control guidelines are suggested for different types of arts.

Influence of Market Development on Performance of Coffee Cooperative Societies in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

Organizations operating in the business environment require a plan to help them get a competitive edge and improve their performance. Evidently, the constantly rising level of competition and the influx of new enterprises into the cooperative societies sector make it necessary for every cooperative society to develop strategies in order to ensure better and more enhanced performance. Specifically, the goal of this study was to determine the impact of growth strategies on the performance of coffee cooperative societies in Tharaka Nithi County. This was guided by the objective; to examine the influence of market development on the performance of coffee cooperative societies in Tharaka Nithi County. It was based on agency theory. A descriptive study technique was used, with a target population of 340 respondents drawn from the 34 coffee cooperative societies in Tharaka Nithi County as the participants. The population was divided into three separate strata, each of which consisted of a large number of highly trained society employees who will work together as a team. In order to choose a representative sample of 204 respondents from each stratum, stratified random selection was used. In order to gather information, respondents were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics like mean as well as standard deviation and inferential statistics which included correlation and regression analysis. The research discovered a significant positive association between diversification strategy, product development strategy, market penetration strategy, market development strategy and performance of coffee cooperative societies in Tharaka Nithi County. Its regression analysis found that the collective usage of growth strategies was responsible for 45.6 percent of the variations in performance of these coffee cooperative societies. Based on the findings, diversification strategy had the largest impact on performance followed by market penetration while market development and product development strategy had the least influence on performance of coffee cooperative societies in Tharaka Nithi County. It is therefore, recommended that managers and shareholders of the cooperative societies that are yet to adopt growth strategies should adopt them to remain competitive and profitable in this turbulent business environment.

A Study of The Relationship between Metacognitive Reading Strategies among Undergraduates

Reading is a fundamental skill in language learning for learners to produce: write and speak the target language. In order to perform successfully in academic and professional settings, learners are required to learn new knowledge by reading and comprehending the written texts extensively and effectively. Nevertheless, poor reading literacy rate, performance and struggling readers are evidently some reading problems among second language learners and to better comprehend learners’ difficulties this study explored learners’ perceptions on their usage of metacognitive reading strategies. 109 undergraduates of a Malaysian university responded to the survey for this quantitative study. The study found that global reading strategies, problem solving strategies and support reading strategies were employed in reading tasks and the relationships between strategies were strong indicating that planning before reading, monitoring reading progress, solving issues and relying on support or help during reading are strategies used in reading tasks. Thus, this suggests that background knowledge or pre-reading activities and guidance are critical for learners to be able to complete reading activities well.

INVESTIGATION OF CHINESE LANGUAGE EARNING STRATEGIES FOR JAPANESE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Currently, there is a dearth of research on Chinese language learning strategies among Japanese international students. This study examines the Chinese language learning strategies of 84 Japanese international students from selected universities in China. A questionnaire based on Oxford(1990) learning strategy scale was developed to investigate the strategies used by the students. The study primarily employed a questionnaire survey method, and the results were analyzed using the social statistical software SPSS23.0. The objective of this research is to gain insights into the present usage, characteristics, and other factors of Chinese language learning strategies among Japanese international students. Based on the research findings, this paper recommends suitable learning strategies for this group of Japanese international students that can aid them in learning Chinese more effectively and efficiently. The study revealed that the social strategy was the most commonly used strategy among Japanese international students, whereas the affective strategy was the least used. Additionally, the results showed no significant differences in variables such as age and Chinese proficiency level. After analyzing the research results, this paper puts forth three affective strategy teaching suggestions to improve the Chinese language learning strategies of Japanese international students: fostering a sense of accomplishment in learning Chinese, developing an interest in learning Chinese and maintaining a sense of novelty, and reducing anxiety by creating a relaxed learning environment and assisting Japanese international students in overcoming anxiety.

The Prevalence and Clinical Features of Skin Irritation Caused by Infection Prevention Measures During COVID-19 in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV), was reported at the end of 2019 and caused a severe public health concern. It caused high mortalities by respiratory failure among infected people and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. This virus caused infections through air or direct contact which documented a huge number of fatalities. This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on skin eczema of the general public in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-based study, that was conducted via an online survey distributed to the general population of Riyadh for the period between January and February 2023. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was distributed through the social media websites. A total of 697 participants were involved in this study. Around one-fifth of the study participants (19.5%) reported that they suffer from some form of allergy and have family history of allergy (21.8%). Eczema was the most common type of allergy among the study participants accounting for 32.4%. A total of 116 participants (16.6%) reported that they have personal history of hand eczema or other skin disease on the hands. Cleaning and sterilization materials were reported as the most common cause of dryness and irritation of eczema (62.1%). Around 41.0% of the participants reported that they noticed a worsening of their symptoms after the pandemic, of which dryness was the most commonly reported sign noticed getting worse by 68.1% of the participants. The vast majority of the participants (89.7%) reported that new skin symptoms emerged on their hands after the beginning of the pandemic, of which dryness was reported by all the participants. A considerable proportion of participants, particularly those with a history of hand eczema, experienced dermatological difficulties, including skin damage, due to the usage of COVID-19 preventive strategies. Thus, we recommend increasing the use of innovative infection prevention approaches and skin protection measures, such as regular hand hydration and maybe the use of less toxic skin disinfectants.

Use of the Pharmacoinvasive Strategy in Argentina. ARGEN-IAM ST Registry Analysis

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the treatment of choice for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In Argentina, a country with a large area and suboptimal reperfusion times, the pharmacoinvasive (PI) strategy might be considered. Methods: ARGEN-IAM-ST is a national prospective, multicenter, and observational registry that includes STEMI patients with less than 36 hours of progression. The PI strategy usage and its associated variables were defined. Results: In this registry, 4788 patients were analyzed, of which 88.56% underwent PPCI, 8.46% received thrombolytics with positive reperfusion (TL+), and only 2.98% received PI strategy. Median and interquartile range (IQR) of total ischemia time were lower in patients receiving TL+ (165 min, IQR 100-269) and PI (191 min, IQR 100-330) than in patients undergoing PPCI (280 min, IQR 179-520), p <0.001. No differences in intra-hospital mortality were observed: 4.9% in the PI strategy group, 5.2% in the TL+ group and 7.8% in the PPCI group (p = 0.081). No differences in major bleeding events were observed. It was observed that 57% of the TL+ patients met the criteria for high cardiovascular risk, but they did not receive PI strategy, as recommended. Conclusions: Only 3 out of 100 reperfused STEMI patients received PI strategy. Its administration is not systematically associated to high cardiovascular risk. Despite the under-usage, it remains an option to be considered due to its total ischemia time lower than in the PPCI, with no increase in clinically significant bleedings.

Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0.

Usage Strategies to Increase the Socioeconomic Sustainability of Monumental Structures: The Example of the Hacı Ali Ağa Bath

This study aims to identify tourism usage strategies for the protection and socioeconomic sustainable development of monumental structures that maintain their functional continuity. The results revealed that some strategies provide significant opportunities in socioeconomic terms if they maintain a structure’s original function; however, some uses pose a significant threat in the case of functional continuity. The main contribution of this work is the definition of monumental structures in relation to adaptive reuse and strategic planning tools (SWOT). The spatial and functional change of the Hacı Ali Ağa Bath was examined chronologically in the first stage. An external expert group determined 41 factors consisting of functional, social, and economic return concepts revealed by the literature review in the second stage. These factors were then evaluated by internal experts using SWOT analyses. The structure’s formation since 2006 was revealed through analysis. The cultural heritage significance of the hammam culture is the function determined as the strength, whereas the functional changes were determined as the weakness. The building became idle due to the pandemic, thus bringing this situation to light. The importance of the original function was placed on the agenda by the general administration, which is regarded as a prominent opportunity to conduct an assessment. The inability of all functions to establish a relationship with tourism has been recognized as a significant threat. Strong opportunities, strong threats, and usage strategies are provided for monumental structures that maintain their functional continuity.

Sorry, not sorry: Unpopular individuals report but don’t display empathy and prosocial behaviors

ABSTRACT The resource control theory postulates that the combination of prosocial strategies and coercive strategies are useful in gaining and maintaining resources that allow one to be perceived popular within society. Often prosocial behaviors appear in conjunction with empathy. The social-reconnection hypothesis suggest that prosocial behaviors might be executed when an individual fears they are or might be socially excluded. However, some research shows that mixed feelings arise and increased attendance to acceptance might take place but not actual helping behaviors. The current study examined eighty-six individuals and the impact of perceived popularity on empathy and prosocial behaviors. Specifically, self-reported popular and unpopular individuals were examined based on resource control strategy usage, empathy quotient (EQ) scores, helping behavior, and galvanic skin response to an emotion inducing video about rejection and bullying. Unpopular individuals self-reported higher levels of empathy but did not display greater galvanic skin responses or more helping behavior than popular self-reported individuals.

Teachers’ Scaffolding Behavior and Visual Perception During Cooperative Learning

Teacher scaffolding is crucial to promote students’ cooperative learning processes, but little is known about the cognitive attention underlying teachers’ scaffolding behavior. This study aims to investigate the scaffolding behavior teachers exhibit while intervening in students’ cooperative learning and to explore the relation between teachers’ scaffolding behavior and visual perception when applying supportive strategies. Four secondary teachers in China were studied during mathematics lessons using eye-tracking glasses complemented by an additional classroom camera with interviews. The results show that the teachers applied scaffolding strategies very often, followed by the usage of diagnostic strategies. Furthermore, they were more concerned about the cognitive aspects of students’ learning processes than the social aspects. The applied strategies were significantly related to fixation patterns during scaffolding. Detailed analysis suggests that (1) the teachers diagnosed students’ understanding mainly by observing the material with an attention or scan pattern; (2) during scaffolding processes, when applying a cognitive performance strategy, teachers paid attention to both the students and their material; (3) while regulating cognitive processes, most teachers scanned students’ material quickly; and (4) teachers generally focused more on materials to provide interaction-related help than on students’ facial expressions. Additionally, the study points out that teachers’ perception skills and behaviors during class activities may be influenced by the task being performed, teachers’ teaching experience, and their beliefs.

GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE LEVEL AND GRAMMAR LEARNING STRATEGY OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS

This study attempted to determine the grammar learning strategy and grammatical competence level of the 2nd year and 3rd year pre-service teachers. Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between their grammar learning strategy usage and grammatical competence level. To this end, the study employed the descriptive-correlational research method. Data were collected through a questionnaire facilitated in Google Forms. The study's results revealed that, first, the pre-service teachers have highly used the Grammar Learning Strategies in general and when categorized as Cognitive, Meta-cognitive, and Socio-affective; although all GLS categories were highly used, the one with the highest mean was the Cognitive GLS while the least was the Socio-affective GLS. Second, respondents were found to have a fair level of grammatical competence in general as well as when specified to Subject-Verb Agreement, Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement, Parts of Speech, and Adjective-Adverb Agreement. Lastly, it was found in this present study that there is a highly significant relationship between grammar learning strategy usage and grammatical competence level but it is a weak positive correlation at 0.20. This outcome is conducive to better understand the pre-service teachers' GLS usage, to maximize the other GLS which were not highly used, and to supply some references for enhancing one’s grammatical competence level.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0017/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Seeing the Whole Elephant: Systematically Understanding and Uncovering Evaluation Biases in Automated Program Repair

Evaluation is the foundation of automated program repair (APR), as it provides empirical evidence on strengths and weaknesses of APR techniques. However, the reliability of such evaluation is often threatened by various introduced biases. Consequently, bias exploration, which uncovers biases in the APR evaluation, has become a pivotal activity and performed since the early years when pioneer APR techniques were proposed. Unfortunately, there is still no methodology to support a systematic comprehension and discovery of evaluation biases in APR, which impedes the mitigation of such biases and threatens the evaluation of APR techniques. In this work, we propose to systematically understand existing evaluation biases by rigorously conducting the first systematic literature review on existing known biases and systematically uncover new biases by building a taxonomy that categorizes evaluation biases. As a result, we identify 17 investigated biases and uncover a new bias in the usage of patch validation strategies. To validate this new bias, we devise and implement an executable framework APRConfig , based on which we evaluate three typical patch validation strategies with four representative heuristic-based and constraint-based APR techniques on three bug datasets. Overall, this article distills 13 findings for bias understanding, discovery, and validation. The systematic exploration we performed and the open source executable framework we proposed in this article provide new insights as well as an infrastructure for future exploration and mitigation of biases in APR evaluation.

Professional Athletes’ Visual Self-Presentation Strategies: An Investigation on Instagram

The purpose of this study was to determine how professional athletes in different branches perform their visual self-presentation on Instagram, a social media platform. Embedded design, one of the mixed methods, examined 24 professional athletes. To create the group for study in this research, including football, basketball, tennis and track and field athletes, we used criterion sampling, a purposeful sampling method. Specifically, a total of 5030 posted photos and 854 videos were analysed. In the study, we used thematic coding to conduct content analysis by the subject and purpose of the research (Geurin-Eagleman & Burch, 2016) as well as open coding. Chi-squared was calculated to measure gender differences. Most of the athletes’ shared contents and their likes and comments fell under the theme of business life, followed by personal life content. The professional athletes showed differences according to gender and sport in the themes of what they posted on Instagram. The men posted much more actively than the women. Athletes in individual sports also posted less content than team sport athletes. It was striking how little content these professional athletes, especially women and individual athletes, produced about their fans. This research can contribute to the diversification of research on the brand development and strengthening strategies of athletes in the Instagram application and to better understand the use of Instagram by professional athletes. It can also provide a perspective on Instagram usage strategies for professional athletes and athletes with high-performance potential.

Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education

The shift from face-to-face to distance learning has challenged English Language teaching and learning. The present study aims to determine the ESL students’ affective filter level and the varied language learning strategies they employed to aid their learning in English online classes. The descriptive-quantitative research design was employed in this study since it used the mean percentage and the mode of the data gathered. The researchers employed a total remuneration sampling technique to select 48 respondents of the study and utilized two research instruments: Modified Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 7.0. As a result, it was found that ESL students have a low affective filter in English online classes. However, students were able to come up with their language learning strategies as ways of enhancing their language competence. Therefore, teachers may provide suitable learning activities in online classes, and students need to enhance their usage of language learning strategies to facilitate their learning. Parents may also support and encourage their children's goals to learn the English language.

Facilitating Inclusion through Student-Driven Strategies: Perspectives of Early Childhood Teachers in Pakistan

This phenomenological study explores early childhood teachers’ perspectives on using student-driven classroom management strategies to facilitate inclusive education. Twelve teachers from nine inclusive schools in Lahore, Pakistan, participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of transcripts provides insights into teacher views on utilising self-directed approaches to promote positive student outcomes. Most teachers recognise the value of self-management strategies like self-monitoring and self-evaluation to improve student autonomy, behaviour, and learning.However, developmental, and disability-related challenges may limit young learners’ usage of such strategies. Findings indicate that student-driven approaches are promising but require training on scaffolded implementation, considering diverse learner characteristics. Self-directed methods should be integral to teacher preparation and inclusive education policies. The study addresses a knowledge gap and has implications for enhancing inclusive practices during early schooling.

Optimization of Energy-Efficient Algorithms for Real-Time Data Administering in Wireless Sensor Networks for Precision Agriculture

Precision agriculture relies heavily on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to monitor environmental conditions and manage resources efficiently. However, traditional WSN algorithms face significant challenges in energy management, resulting in frequent battery replacements, high maintenance costs, and reduced network reliability. Additionally, issues with high data latency and short network lifetimes hinder real-time decision-making and continuous monitoring. This study aims to address these challenges by developing energy-efficient algorithms that enhance the performance and longevity of WSNs in precision agriculture. The objectives include creating adaptive sampling, dynamic power management, and sleep scheduling algorithms to optimize energy consumption; improving data transmission efficiency and reducing latency through advanced data aggregation techniques; and extending network lifetime with balanced energy load distribution and efficient power usage strategies. The study introduces innovative algorithms that significantly reduce energy consumption and extend network lifetime, contributing to the field with adaptive and dynamic methodologies. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve a 30% reduction in energy consumption, a 20% decrease in data latency, and a 40% increase in network lifetime compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the packet delivery ratio improved by 10%, and computational overhead was reduced by 30%, highlighting the efficiency and reliability of the proposed solutions. These results are consistent with recent advancements in WSN optimization techniques, such as those utilizing cognitive radio and deep learning, validating the potential of the proposed algorithms for real-world application.

Analyzing the association of policy narratives with problem tractability in the implementation of EU decisions: Evidence from the phytosanitary policy area

AbstractThe Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) suggests that narratives can be employed to define and contest policy problems. Yet, few NPF studies have explicitly addressed the narrative portrayal of problem intractability. What role do narratives play in a situation of uncertainty about the causes and solutions of the problem, when strong divergences regarding the values and interests of the policy actors exist? The article anchors the NPF to the literatures on problem definition and implementation to advance two propositions about (a) how differences in the use of narrative elements can be suggestive of the degree of problem (in‐)tractability; and (b) whether other elements of tractability, namely the presence of a valid causal theory, are associated with the usage of narrative strategies. I test the propositions by analyzing media commentaries surrounding the implementation of European decisions to tackle a tree‐killing epidemic in Italy. The findings suggest that narratives can helpfully illustrate the intractability inherent in the policy debate. However, narratives can also develop independently of factors that the implementation literature understands as conducive to lowering intractability, namely knowledge accumulation. The NPF may represent a promising alternative to understand policy implementation processes.

“Breaking Up Can Be So Hard to Do”: Communication Strategies to Disengage from Male Same-Sex Romantic Relationships between Thais and Non-Thais

Intimate relationships among male same-sex have been accepted and more received significant attention recently, Resulting in emerging of them from the shadows of society. However, unfortunately, these relationships frequently end in breakups. As a result, this study was aimed to (1) examine the communicative strategies used to disengage from male same-sex relationships, (2) explore the elements contributing to the choice of breakup tactics, and (3) investigate the effects of the disengagement strategies on the post-breakup relationship status. Interviews were used to elicit the participants’ previous relationships. Five male participants who dated a male were selected using the purposive sampling method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the data. The adaptation of Baxter’s disengagement tactics served as the framework to describe the communication styles of Thai disengagers during the breakdown of the relationship with non-Thai partners. The findings revealed that the degree of intimacy and the culture of the disengagers influenced the selection of disengagement tactics. Moreover, the length of the relationship and the usage of breakup strategies were found to determine the post-breakup relationship status. As for the implications, the study may enable individuals to select the most appropriate strategies if a breakup is necessary.

Studies on the potential of the basic substance chitosan in managing Podosphaera pannosa on cutting roses and Erysiphe polygoni on French hydrangea

Horticultural production systems have to move forwards to an environment-friendly and sustainable plant production. Basic substances can be added to reduce the use of synthetic plant protectant in conventional plant protection strategies. Regarding the protection of ornamental plants, less is known about the usage and behaviour of these alternative strategies and components. In our study, an infection of Podosphaera pannosa and Erysiphe polygoni in two different cultivars of cutting roses and one cultivar of French hydrangea was investigated. We studied the effect of a weekly foliar treatment of the basic substance chitosan (0.05 g/m2) compared to a water control and potassium hydrogen carbonate (VitiSan, Biofa GmbH, Münsing, Germany) in both production systems. As a result, in cutting roses as well as in French hydrangea, we found a significantly decreased infected leaf area following the use of chitosan and VitiSan compared to the water control. In both treatments, we found a stronger effect in French hydrangea, compared to roses. Results also indicate that the basic substance chitosan has to be used at a low pathogen level. We present a promising approach to reduce conventional plant protectants in ornamental plant production.