Smartphone Users Research Articles

Psychometric evaluation of smartphone addiction scale – short version (SAS-SV) among young adults of India

ABSTRACT Background: Although smartphones have considerable utility, they also have addiction potential. The early detection of problematic smartphone use (PSU) can have significant implications for managing its psychosocial consequences. Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), initially developed for South Korean adolescents, has emerged as a reliable measure for adults across countries. However, SAS-SV continues to be used unvalidated in India. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of SAS-SV for the Indian adult population. Materials and Methods: Content validation of SAS-SV was done by 10 experts, followed by data collection for validation using a cross-sectional design from 434 participants (Mage = 25.4; SDage = 2.6; 58.8% females). The datasheet consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and SAS-SV. Statistical analyses comprised confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analyses, percentiles, and evaluation of sociodemographic variables. Results: SAS-SV’s content validity index was 0.93, and item wordings were adjusted after experts’ feedback. CFA did not show good fit indices; hence, EFA was used, which explained 44% of the variance from a unifactorial model. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85, McDonald’s Omega was 0.86, and test-retest reliability was 0.81. There were no significant PSU differences in gender, marital status, and occupational status. Higher PSU was associated with lower age, lower education, nuclear family, and more hours of smartphone usage. Conclusion: The current study established the psychometric properties of SAS-SV for the Indian adult population. SAS-SV can be used for assessment and treatment monitoring of PSU.

Effects of Smartphone Photography on Commercial Photographers in Bolgatanga, Ghana.

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of smartphone photography and social media use on the professional photography business, focusing on commercial photographers in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana and the Bolgatanga Technical University campus. Design/Methodology/Approach: A descriptive research approach was used, with quantitative data collected through standardised questionnaires distributed to 196 smartphone users and 23 commercial photographers. T Findings: The findings show a considerable decrease in demand for commercial photography services due to the widespread usage of smartphones for personal photography and social media sharing. Many smartphone users consider their photographic skills sufficient, resulting in less reliance on professional services. Research Limitation: The study focuses solely on the commercial photography sector, overlooking other possible impact areas within the photographic industry. Practical implication: Commercial photographers must adopt new technologies to remain competitive and provide distinctive, high-quality services that smartphone users cannot readily reproduce. Social Implication: Smartphones have democratised photography by allowing consumers to capture and share visual content on social media platforms, contributing to decreased demand for professional photography. This social shift emphasises commercial photographers' need to integrate their business models with changing customer behaviour in the digital era. Originality/ Value: This study adds to our understanding of the changing photography landscape, especially in a developing economy. It provides significant insights into how commercial photographers may adapt to the challenges provided by the advent of smartphone photography and social media.

PSYCHOEDUCATION TO PREVENT SMARTPHONE ADDICTION THROUGH COMMUNITY BASED INTERVENTION

The prevalence of problematic smartphone usage has become a widespread concern. Excessive smartphone use can develop into an addiction if prompt intervention is not implemented. In order to effectively engage a broader demographic, health cadres play a crucial role in disseminating information to parents regarding strategies for mitigating smartphone addiction in children. The study aimed to examine the effect of psychoeducational interventions to prevent smartphone addiction among children in health cadres. The study employed a quasi-experimental, one-group pre-test and post-test design. The questionnaire comprised ten questions with a reliability coefficient of 0.60. Twenty health cadres from Public Health Center X in Malang were selected as participants. A series of six sessions were done to provide psychoeducation to prevent smartphone addiction. The findings revealed a discernible disparity between the scores obtained before the intervention's implementation and those obtained after completion. The t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, as shown by a significance level of p < 0.001 and a t-value of -9.787. This finding suggests that the intervention increased the knowledge of the health cadres.

Association between physical activity, smartphone usage, and obesity risk among Korean adolescents: A cross-sectional study based on 2021 Korean adolescent health behavior survey.

With adolescent obesity rates steadily rising, it has become crucial to identify modifiable risk factors to develop effective interventions. This study explores the associations between physical activity (PA) levels, smartphone usage, and obesity risk among Korean adolescents, aiming to inform the design of targeted health promotion programs to mitigate obesity rates in this demographic. This cross-sectional analysis used data from 50,407 Korean adolescents who participated in the 2021 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests compared PA patterns, sedentary behavior, and smartphone usage between adolescents with obesity and those without obesity. To examine the impact of key exposure factors-including PA, muscle strengthening exercises (MSE), sedentary behavior, and smartphone usage-on obesity risk, binary logistic regression models were used, adjusting for grade level, economic status, and other potential confounders. Male adolescents exercising "3-4 times/week" had a significantly higher obesity risk compared to those with no PA (OR=1.144, 95% CI: 1.032-1.267, p<0.01). Similarly, females exercising "3-4 times/week" (OR=1.208, 95% CI: 1.048-1.393, p<0.01) or "≥ 5 times/week" (OR=1.333, 95% CI: 1.087-1.636, p<0.01) also showed increased risk. Both males and females participating in high-intensity PA (HIPA) "1-2 times/week" were at higher risk (males: OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.011-1.219, p<0.01; females: OR=1.427, 95% CI: 1.283-1.587, p<0.001). Conversely, MSE was linked to a significant reduction in obesity risk across most frequency groups, especially in males (OR=0.450, 95% CI: 0.399-0.508, p<0.001). For sedentary behavior, females with ≥6h of weekday non-learning sedentary time (SWD-N) had increased obesity risk (OR=1.210, 95% CI: 1.002-1.462, p<0.01), as did males with ≥6h of weekend sedentary time (SWK-N) (OR=1.334, 95% CI: 1.154-1.542, p<0.001) and females with ≥6h of weekend smartphone usage (SPWK_TM) (OR=1.567, 95% CI: 1.066-2.303, p<0.01). The findings reveal complex relationships between PA, MSE, sedentary behavior, and smartphone usage in the context of adolescent obesity. Certain PA levels, particularly 3-4 times/week and≥5 times/week for females, and HIPA frequency were associated with increased obesity risk. In contrast, MSE significantly reduced obesity risk across genders, with the most substantial effects observed in males engaging in MSE≥5 times/week. Only associations meeting the p<0.01 threshold were interpreted in this study to ensure robust conclusions. These results emphasize the importance of promoting MSE and balanced sedentary behavior patterns to reduce adolescent obesity risk, suggesting health policies should address these factors with a focus on gender-specific and age-specific strategies. However, limitations such as the lack of nutrition data, unassessed PA intensity, and HIPA duration should be addressed in future research.

Effects of an intervention targeting social media app use on well-being outcomes: A randomized controlled trial.

Interventions targeting social media use show mixed results in improving well-being outcomes, particularly for persons with problematic forms of smartphone use. This study assesses the effectiveness of an interventionapp in enhancing well-being outcomes and the moderating role of persons' perceptions about problematic smartphone use (PSU). In a randomized controlled trial, N = 70 participants, allocated to the intervention (n = 35) or control condition (n = 35), completed weekly online surveys at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Participants from the intervention condition received personalized full-screen nudges to reduce their social media app use. This secondary analysis focuses on the repeatedly assessed outcomes well-being, positive affect, negative affect, and perceived stress. Linear mixed models were computed. No significant time x group effects were found, but intervention condition participants reported higher well-being and lower negative affect and stress levels at follow-up. Only one significant moderation was found, indicating that participants reporting higher PSU levels benefited more from the intervention in reducing stress. The intervention was partly effective and particularly beneficial in reducing stress among smartphone users with higher PSU, highlighting the need to tailor interventions. Present findings need to be replicated by future research using a larger sample size.

The impact of smartphones on mental health of children and adolescents in west India

The rising prevalence of smartphone usage among children and adolescents in West India presents significant challenges for mental health and developmental outcomes. This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of smartphones on individuals aged 10-19, focusing on mental health, physical well-being, and social development. A mixed-methods systematic review of literature published between 2019 and 2023 reveals nuanced insights into the interplay of socio-cultural factors, smartphone addiction, and mental health outcomes. Positive effects such as improved access to educational tools and communication are contrasted against negative consequences, including increased anxiety, depression, and diminished physical activity. This article identifies key themes, provides recommendations for mitigating adverse effects, and underscores the importance of balanced smartphone usage in promoting healthy development.

Development and evaluation of a simplified Chinese version of the visually induced motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire

Objective: To simplify the Chinese version of the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIMSSQ), develop the simplified Chinese version of VIMSSQ, and evaluate its performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2023. The Chinese version of the VIMSSQ was distributed to 783 university students at North China University of Science and Technology. Items were selected on the basis of their coverage rates, item-total correlation coefficients, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and factor loadings, resulting in the simplified Chinese VIMSSQ. Eighty participants from the initial cohort were recruited to complete a virtual reality (VR) black-and-white checkerboard visual stimulation test, the simplified Chinese VIMSSQ, and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and discriminative ability of the simplified Chinese VIMSSQ were evaluated. Results: A total of 757 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 96.68% (757/783). Among the 757 participants, 205 were male and 552 were female, with a median age (Q1, Q3) of 19 (18, 20) years. Smartphone usage showed the highest coverage rate [99.60% (754/757)]. The simplified Chinese VIMSSQ included three items, with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.909, the test-retest reliability of 0.908, and the criterion validity of 0.899. SSQ symptom scores were lower in mildly susceptible participants compared to moderately susceptible participants [30 (15, 63) vs 77 (53, 105), P=0.012], and significantly lower in moderately susceptible participants compared to severely susceptible participants [77 (53, 105) vs 137 (94, 164), P<0.001]. Conclusion: The simplified Chinese VIMSSQ demonstrates good reliability, validity, and discriminative ability.

The Influence of Customer Satisfaction on Brand Loyalty Trough Brand Love in Samsung Smartphone Users

This study investigates the impact of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty, with brand love as a mediating factor, among Samsung smartphone users at the University of Darussalam Gontor. In the competitive smartphone market, customer satisfaction alone often falls short in driving brand loyalty, highlighting the critical role of emotional connections like brand love. Using a quantitative approach, data were gathered from 171 respondents through purposive sampling and analyzed using path analysis in SPSS. Findings reveal that customer satisfaction significantly influences brand love but not brand loyalty directly, while brand love strongly impacts brand loyalty and effectively mediates the relationship. The study underscores the importance of brand love in fostering loyalty, offering theoretical insights and practical strategies for companies to strengthen emotional bonds with consumers.

The effects of smartphone usage on students’ academic performance: Case study of four selected tertiary institutions in North-West Nigeria

The effects of smartphone usage on students’ academic performance: Case study of four selected tertiary institutions in North-West Nigeria

Understanding the biomechanics of smartphone addiction: The physical and cognitive impacts of prolonged device use on college students

The widespread use of smartphones, particularly among college students, has raised concerns about the negative impacts of prolonged device use on physical and cognitive health. While smartphones offer many conveniences, excessive usage can lead to a range of biomechanical and psychological issues, including posture-related strain, repetitive strain injuries (RSIs), eye strain, impaired cognitive function, and elevated levels of anxiety and stress. This study aims to examine the physical and cognitive impacts of prolonged smartphone use among college students, focusing on biomechanical strain, cognitive impairments, and psychological effects. It explores the relationship between smartphone addiction and its effects on posture, musculoskeletal health, eye fatigue, focus, memory retention, and mental health. The study was conducted with a sample of 37 college students in China. Data collection involved physical assessments, including posture analysis, musculoskeletal screening, and cognitive assessments, such as focus and memory tests. Mental health was evaluated using standardized surveys for anxiety, stress, and depression. Statistical analyses were used to interpret the data, including descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The results indicated a significant increase in neck tilt angle, posture discomfort, and wrist strain over the study period, with higher smartphone usage correlating with worse physical outcomes. Cognitive performance, mainly focuses and memory retention, significantly declined with increased smartphone usage. In addition, elevated levels of anxiety and stress were observed among heavy smartphone users, with a strong correlation between high smartphone usage and negative psychological effects.

Bidirectional associations between smartphone usage and momentary well-being in young adults: Tackling methodological challenges by combining experience sampling methods with passive smartphone data.

Given the pervasive role of smartphones in modern life, research into their impact on well-being has flourished. This study addresses existing methodological shortcomings using smartphone log data and experience sampling methods (ESM) to explore the bidirectional within-person relationship between smartphone usage and momentary well-being variables (i.e., affect valence, loneliness, positive affect, and negative affect). We further examine different categories of smartphone usage, namely, communication, social media, and other apps. We analyze three samples (N₁ = 225, N₂ = 17, N₃ = 13; with T₁ = 7,874, T₂ = 2,566, T₃ = 1,533 ESM reports) with multilevel models to test our preregistered hypotheses. Data for Sample I were collected in Spain in 2022 (82% female; Mage = 23.1). Samples II and III (80% female; Mage = 21.6) were collected in the Netherlands between 2021 and 2022. Our results suggest that smartphone usage within an hour before ESM assessment, especially using social media apps, is associated with reduced affect valence and increased loneliness on a within-person level. Loneliness was associated with more smartphone usage than usual, particularly the use of social media apps, within the hour following ESM assessments. However, overall, our findings indicate weak bidirectional associations between smartphone usage and indicators of momentary well-being (range standardized β = .00-.08). On the between-person level, those individuals generally high in loneliness were more affected in their momentary loneliness by prior social media use, suggesting a heightened social media sensitivity. The interplay between social media use and momentary loneliness should be studied in more detail, including contextual factors and experimental designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The Impact of Smartphone Usage on Academic Performance Among Students at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia: A Subgroup Analysis Based on Year of Study and Field of Specialization

The rapid development of smartphones has made them an inseparable part of education for university students, using such devices to communicate, learn, and access information. However, together with a lot of advantages, smartphones might turn into a source of serious disruptions, and their widespread use—especially in class—raises questions regarding the impacts on the academic progress of students. This research looks at the impact of smartphone addiction on the academic achievement of students at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. To thoroughly examine if there is the differential impact of SA across the students, the academic year and the field of study were administered. Data of 103 students who completed this online survey were collected on addiction behavior, classroom usage, and academic achievement. The findings indicate that even patterns of use that are very addictive, like compulsive and only in the classroom, negatively affect advancement only to a tiny degree. However, academic maturity plays a huge role in how smartphones act as a divertive device. Indeed, senior students displayed self-regulated behavior and concentrated more on their academics than younger students, presumably by virtue of better time management skills honed during their longer study tenure. Addictive behaviors intercorrelate to indicate a cluster of dependent behaviors, while academic outcomes have not suffered significantly. Moreover, no significant variations in the impact of smartphone addiction on academic progress were observed among disciplines, which thus shows consistency in the effects across different fields of study. Such findings emphasize the complicated role of smartphone addiction in educational settings. While smartphone use is prevalent, its impact on learning outcomes depends on students’ maturity and abilities to regulate their behavior. It recommends that universities should develop polices in computer usage and self-regulation specifically for young people around smart phone usage that would assist in enhancing students learning outcomes.

Instant effects of neck met stretching and sustained natural apophyseal glides on pain, craniovertebral angle, and neck range of motion in intense smartphone users; A Pre Posttest Quasi-Experimental Study

Instant effects of neck met stretching and sustained natural apophyseal glides on pain, craniovertebral angle, and neck range of motion in intense smartphone users; A Pre Posttest Quasi-Experimental Study

The effects of smartphone addiction on postural awareness and habits, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain and sleep quality

ABSTRACT Smartphone addiction may cause postural problems pain, fatıgue and sleep disturbance. We aimed to asses postural problems (postural habits and awareness, ergonomic awareness, positional awareness and awareness of factors disrupt posture, positional awareness), pain, fatigue and sleep problems in two separate smartphone user groups, one ‘Addicted’, the other ‘Non-Addicted’according to smartphone addiction scale-short version. A sample of convenience (n = 329) was recruited from participants (age 20.73 ± 2.133, 17.2% male). Postural problems, fatigue, pain and sleep quality were assessed with the postural habits and awareness scale, Chedlar Fatigue assessment scale, and Visual analogue scale, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups in favour of the non-addicted group in postural habits (p = 0.0001), ergonomic awareness (p = 0.002), and recognition of factors that disrupt posture scores (p = 0.0001). Mental and physical fatigue levels were significantly higher in the addicted group (p = 0.0001). Shoulder (p = 0.032), neck (p = 0.005), and back pain (p = 0.047) were more severe in the addicted group. Sleep quality scores were significantly worse in the addicted group (p = 0.0001). Smartphone addiction may lead to a decline in posture, ergonomic awareness, and awareness of factors that can disturb posture. It can also increase levels of mental and physical fatigue, worsen pain severity, and reduce sleep quality.

A Comprehensive Review on Smartphone Overuse: Analysing Its Influence on Physical Health and Social Relationships in the Digital Age

The aim of this paper is to analyse trends by reviewing the growing body of research on smartphone overuse in humans. This literature review focuses exclusively on original research articles. It begins by explaining key concepts, such as the levels and symptoms of smartphone usage excessively. There is a term “Nomophobia” which is frequently linked to poor mobile technology use. It, often known as "no-mobile-phone phobia," is the anxiety of not being able to use or reachable via one's cell phone. Additionally, it highlights the fundamental challenges and methodological issues discussed in the existing studies. The paper explores the relationship between student smartphone overuse and academic performance. While some researchers have identified gender differences in smartphone usage, others have found minimal correlation between gender and smartphone use. Several studies also link smartphone usage pattern to musculoskeletal problems. Moreover, research indicates that mobile phone use while driving is a major contributor to road accidents today. Also, it is crucial to understanding the impact of negative side of mobile phone usage on mental health, academic performance, and social interactions. Researches on this topic helps in developing effective interventions and policies to promote healthier usage habits. Therefore, raising awareness about smartphone overuse and its consequences is crucial. Parents should actively monitor their children’s schedules to help prevent them from developing a dependency on mobile devices.

Supplemental Material for Bidirectional Associations Between Smartphone Usage and Momentary Well-Being in Young Adults: Tackling Methodological Challenges by Combining Experience Sampling Methods With Passive Smartphone Data

Supplemental Material for Bidirectional Associations Between Smartphone Usage and Momentary Well-Being in Young Adults: Tackling Methodological Challenges by Combining Experience Sampling Methods With Passive Smartphone Data

Uncovering the Links Between Problematic Smartphone Usage and Subjective Vitality: The Role of Mindful Parenting and Parenting Stress.

In recent years, scientific research has increasingly focused on the relationship between parents' mobile phone usage and parenting. As smartphones have become pervasive among parents, concerns have arisen regarding how this usage might influence parenting practices and well-being. Therefore, studies that examine the relationship between parents' technology usage-particularly smartphone usage-and their well-being and parenting practices are of significant value. Such research can provide deeper insights into how technology shapes family dynamics and parental roles over time. Our research aimed to investigate the relationships among problematic smartphone usage, mindful parenting, parenting stress, and subjective vitality. The study involved a cross-lagged panel design with two waves of longitudinal research, and parents with at least one child between the ages of 1 and 14 participated. The results revealed that problematic smartphone use has a negative correlation with mindful parenting and subjective vitality, while it has a positive correlation with parenting stress. Serial mediation analysis showed that mindful parenting and parenting stress, both longitudinally and sequentially, mediate the relationship between problematic smartphone usage and subjective vitality. These findings suggest that problematic smartphone use adversely affects parents' well-being by increasing stress and reducing mindful engagement in parenting. Interventions focusing on reducing problematic smartphone use and enhancing mindful parenting practices may improve parental well-being and reduce stress.

Cardiomeds, an mHealth App for Self-Management to Support Swiss Patients With Heart Failure: 2-Stage Mixed Methods Usability Study.

Mobile health apps have shown promising results in improving self-management of several chronic diseases in patients. We have developed a mobile health app (Cardiomeds) dedicated to patients with heart failure (HF). This app includes an interactive medication list; daily self-monitoring of symptoms, weight, blood pressure, and heart rate; and educational information on HF delivered through various formats. This study aimed to perform a mixed methods usability study of Cardiomeds. Smartphone users with HF were recruited from the HF outpatient clinic at the University Hospital of Geneva. The usability test was conducted in 2 stages, with modifications made to the app after the first stage to address major usability issues. Each stage required 10 participants to perform 14 tasks, such as entering vital signs, entering a new medication and time of intake, or finding information about HF. Each task was timed, sessions were recorded, and all data were anonymized. After completing the tasks, patients completed the System Usability Scale 10-item questionnaire and answered 5 open questions about their perceptions of Cardiomeds. Twenty patients with HF, 75% (15/20) of whom were men, with a mean age of 55 years, were included in this study. The average time to complete all 14 tasks was 18 (SD 5.7) minutes. Manual medication entry was the most time-consuming task, taking an average of 154.40 (SD 68.08) seconds in the first stage, 103.10 (SD 42.76) seconds in the second stage, and 128 (SD 63) seconds overall. The mean overall success rate was 77% (SD 0.23%) for the first stage and 94% (SD 0.07%) for the second stage. A total of 30% (3/10) of participants in the first stage completed all tasks without any help compared with 50% (5/10) of participants during the second stage. The average System Usability Scale score was 80% (SD 17%), showing a slight increase from 79% (SD 16%) in the first stage to 80% (SD 28%) in the second stage, which qualifies the app as "good" in terms of usability. Between the 2 stages, part of the app interface was redesigned to address the key issues identified in the first stage. Despite these improvements, problems related to guidance were frequent and comprised 36% (8/22) of the problems in the first stage and 40% (6/15) in the second stage. In response to open questions, 85% (17/20) of the participants responded that they would like to use the app when it became available. The usability test indicated that Cardiomeds is a suitable and user-friendly app for patients with HF. The app will be further tested in a randomized clinical trial (2022-00731) after acute HF hospitalization to assess its impact on patients' knowledge about HF, self-care, and quality of life.

The Impact of Bedtime Smartphone Usage on Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Medical Students

The Impact of Bedtime Smartphone Usage on Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Medical Students

Effectiveness of Mobile Health Applications for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in Urban and Rural India: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Study.

mHealth technology has the potential to deliver personalized health care; however, data on cardiometabolic risk factors are limited. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of mobile health applications (apps) on cardiometabolic risk factor reduction in adults aged 25 to 60 years in urban and rural India. The study design was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted in Tamil Nadu, India. Smartphone users (25-60 years) with basic literacy and at high risk of developing diabetes (Indian Diabetes Risk Score ≥30 and/or fasting blood sugar [FBS] 100-125 mg/dL) were recruited. Four mobile apps (two commercially available, two novel) for cardiometabolic risk reduction were evaluated. Primary outcome (weight loss) was analyzed using intention-to-treat analysis with post hoc analysis and logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. A total of 5264 participants were screened, and 610 were recruited into the study. Participants (7%) dropped out largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 567 participants were used for the final analysis. In the intention-to-treat analysis, a significant reduction in body weight was observed in the intervention group as compared with control, more so in the urban (-2.40 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-3.10, -1.69], P < .001) compared with rural population (-1.19 kg, 95% CI = [-1.55, -0.82], P < .001). Intervention group participants showed significant reductions in body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, FBS, total serum cholesterol, and a positive effect on dietary and physical activity behaviors compared with controls. mHealth interventions can reduce diabetes risk, improve cardiometabolic health, and improve lifestyle behaviors in South Asian populations. The trial is registered with the Central Trials Registry, India (CTRI/2020/03/024327).