Usage Of Metacognitive Strategies Research Articles

Self-regulated learning while solving mathematical problems among mathematically gifted and talented students’

ABSTRACT Self-regulated learning (SRL) represents a necessary fundamental 21st century skill for children and adolescents and is essential for the development of gifted students. This study explored mathematically gifted (MG) junior high school students’ SRL capabilities while solving mathematical problems compared to typical achievers (TAs). A sample of 71 ninth-grade students from three junior high schools were divided into two study groups (MG and TA). Participants completed Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaires (MSLQ) and a Metacognitive Strategy Usage Questionnaire (MSUQ). In addition, students underwent Think-Aloud Interviews while solving mathematical problems (quadratic function) at two levels of difficulty. The results only revealed significant differences between MG and TA students on the organization subscale of the MSLQ. No differences were found between the study groups in the metacognitive strategies used in the questionnaire. MG students outperformed TA students on the Mathematical Problem-Solving Task and generally used more SRL strategies during the qualitative Think-Aloud Interviews. Moreover, the differences in the between-group effect sizes were higher on the high-difficulty level of the problem-solving task than on the low-difficulty level of the task. The findings constitute a significant milestone in the study of SRL capabilities of MG in junior high school.

A Review of The Effects of Metacognitive Strategies on Learners' English Listening

This paper reviews the relationship between English listening and metacognitive strategies. Metacognitive strategy as an important learning strategy shows obvious correlation with second language learning effect. This review introduces many researches on metacognitive strategies and its several basic developmental processes in second language acquisition. The application of metacognitive methods in English listening learning is explored in three aspects by examining and summarizing prior researchers' experiments: the many modalities of metacognitive strategy usage, the disparities in metacognitive strategy use between unskilled and expert students, and the link between metacognitive methods and English listening performance. The review of studies on the relationship between English listening and metacognitive methods leads to a general conclusion. Metacognitive methods can help students improve their English listening proficiency. This study hopes to guide English teachers to emphasize the teaching of learning strategies and English learners should emphasize the use of metacognitive methods by demonstrating their facilitative influence on English listening learning.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METACOGNITIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES AND PROFICIENCY IN EFL CLASSROOM IN CHILE

Purpose of the study: The main aim of the present study is to analyze and explain the use of metacognitive strategies in learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Chile. To comprehend the metacognitive strategy usage of EFL learners, Oxford´s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was used in this study.
 Methodology: The present research is a quantitative study within the characteristics of the descriptive correlational framework in which the metacognitive strategies used by participants were examined in a university EFL setting. Further, the mid-semester grades were used for quantifying proficiency to see the correlation between proficiency and the use of metacognitive strategies.
 Main Findings: Results showed that the participants used metacognitive strategies more frequently with an average use of 4.16. Two groups of strategies showed a positive relationship with language performance; cognitive (r=.26) and metacognitive strategies (r=.585). The measured R² (coefficient of determination) was found to be .342 which means 34% of the variance for the language proficiency of the participants was explained by metacognitive strategy use.
 Applications of this study: The results of this study can be applied by the language teachers in their classroom teaching practices and by researchers for furthering their research in the field of language learning strategies. It can also be used by the students to facilitate their learning process.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The present study is a contribution to our understanding of how the learners use metacognitive skills and strategies in learning a foreign language. Language teachers can use these strategies in their classroom for successful learning.

The Relationship between Metacognitive Strategies and Self-Efficacy Beliefs: A Review of the Literature

Self-efficacy has been a topic of interest of many researchers since the last couple of decades. Previous literature has revealed that self-efficacy plays a vital role in the usage of metacognitive strategies in language learning. The fundamental aim of this paper is to review those studies which were conducted on the relationship between self-efficacy and metacognitive strategies. Many writers have written reviews on the relationship of self-efficacy with various educational variables. However, there is scarcity of reviews regarding the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and metacognitive strategies. This review included 21 studies which were reviewed on the basis of following aspects: context of studies, gender, grade level, ethnicity, metacognitive strategy instruction, metacognitive strategies usage ranking, level of self-efficacy, research approaches and pre-test/post-test research designs. Also, several recommendations were presented at the end of the paper for future researchers.

Attention Process Training-3 to improve reading comprehension in mild aphasia: A single-case experimental design study

ABSTRACTPeople with aphasia frequently present with nonlinguistic deficits, in addition to their compromised language abilities, which may contribute to their problems with reading comprehension. Treatment of attention, working memory and executive control may improve reading comprehension in individuals with aphasia, particularly those with mild reading problems. This single-case experimental design study evaluated the efficacy of Attention Process Training-3, an intervention combining direct attention training and metacognitive facilitation, for improving reading comprehension in individuals with mild aphasia. A multiple baseline design across six participants was used to evaluate treatment effects. The primary outcome measure was a maze reading task. Cognitive measures were administered pre- and post-treatment. Visual inspection of graphed maze reading performance data indicated a basic effect between APT-3 and improved maze reading for three of the six participants. Quantitative analyses, using Tau-U, corroborated findings identified through visual analysis. The overall effect size was significant (Tau = .48, p = .01). Results suggest that APT-3 has the potential to improve reading in individuals with aphasia, but that it may be more efficacious under certain conditions. Treatment and participant variables, including intensity of treatment and metacognitive strategy usage, are discussed as potential influences on participants’ responsiveness to APT-3.

Listening Skills Development in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language and The Usage of Metacognitive Strategies

The aim of this study is to determine the state of using metacognitive strategies to develop listening skills in teaching Turkish as a foreign language to Syrian children. This research is a descriptive study designed with the survey method. In June 2017, the Certification Program for Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language was organized for Turkish educators who work in Adana, as a part of “The Project of Supporting Syrian Children’s Integration into the Turkish Education System”. In this context, all Turkish educators who work in Adana composed the population of this study while 108 Turkish educators constituted the sample of the study. In this study, the data were collected by the “Metacognitive Listening Strategies Opinion Form” developed by the researcher and analyzed with descriptive statistical techniques. The findings of the study showed that most of the metacognitive strategies that can be used before listening are rarely used and that the response rates as to “always” or “often” in the questionnaire are quite low. It was observed that Turkish educators usually “rarely” used strategies apart from the strategy of “underlining words the meaning of which they do not know” in the listening process.The findings further indicated that more strategies were used before and after listening than during listening and that the most frequently used strategies by learners were summarizing the listening text in their own words, expressing the theme and main idea of the text they were listening to, telling which section/s in the listening text they mostly focused on, and answering the listening comprehension questions.

The Effects of Metacognitive Strategy in Reading Expository Text

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of student achievement during comprehension lesson using metacognitive strategy and examine the effects of the strategy used in reading and understanding expository text lessons. Besides, this study also identified metacognitive strategy used by students in all three reading processes (before reading, during reading and after reading). The research applied a quasi-experimental design. Research sample involved Standard 4 students from a government primary school in Muara Brunei District. Samples were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. Each group involved 30 average-ranking students. Research results were analysed using independent t-test samples to assess the significant differences for mean of reading comprehension performance between control group and experimental group during pre and post-tests. Meanwhile One Way Ancova analysis was used to determine the effects of using metacognitive strategy during reading comprehension lessons. Based on the t-test analysis, there was a significant difference of reading comprehension performance between the score of experimental group and control group, t = 12.96, p < 0.0. The analysis of One Way Ancova data, p= 0.00 < 0.05 (F “ ratio = 493.22/2.25 = 219.41 p < 0.05) also proved that the significant effects of metacognitive strategy usage on comprehension lesson. Overall, the metacognitive strategy used by the students in this study has proven to enhance students’ understanding on the texts that they have read.

Meta Cognitive Strategy Usage and Epistemological Beliefs of Primary School Teacher Trainees: An Explorative Study

The main purpose of the study is to identify different levels of metacognition and epistemological beliefs of primary school teacher trainees. The investigator has taken 300 primary school teacher trainees from three districts of Jammu and Kashmir by using simple random sampling technique. For collection of data the investigator has used Metacognitive Inventory (MCI) by Punita Govil and Epistemological Belief Questionnaire (EBQ) constructed and standardized by the investigators. For analyses and interpretation of data the investigator has used percentage and Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation.

Comparing active delay and procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective

Researchers have proposed that the act of postponing academic work may be divided into a traditional definition of procrastination, viewed as maladaptive, and adaptive forms of delay. Adaptive forms of delay may be more consistent with certain facets of self-regulated learning. The current study investigated this issue by examining whether the relations between aspects of self-regulated learning and active delay may be distinct from the relations these aspects of self-regulated learning have with procrastination. Among 206 undergraduates, procrastination was positively predicted by mastery-avoidance goals and negatively by metacognitive strategy usage, whereas active delay was negatively predicted by avoidance goals and positively by self-efficacy. Furthermore, students who reported higher levels of active delay also received better grades. These findings provide support that active delay is a distinct form of delay from procrastination that may be more positive due to its associations with some adaptive self-regulatory processes and academic achievement.

The Motivational Effects of the Classroom Environment in Facilitating Self-Regulated Learning

Students can be proactive and engaged or, alternatively, lack initiative and responsibility for their learning. Self-regulated learning involves learning strategies and mental processes that learners deliberately engage to help themselves learn and perform better academically. The results of this study provide empirical support for the theoretical relationships among cognitive evaluation theory, achievement goal theory, and self-regulated learning strategies in the context of the classroom. Superficial learning strategies were linked to extrinsic motivation, while intrinsic motivation determined deep cognitive and metacognitive strategy usage. Perceived autonomy, perceived competence, and task mastery orientation mediated the classroom environment’s effect on intrinsic motivation. These findings suggest that active applicationoriented experience delivered by enthusiastic faculty, who provide high interaction, supportive feedback, and clear goals that emphasize learning over grades, will increase intrinsic motivation and the use of self-regulated learning strategies. Teaching guidelines and pedagogical examples for enhancing intrinsic motivation are provided.