Usage Of Dyes Research Articles

ArchCheck Tool: An Innovative Instrument to Measure Arch Height

BACKGROUND Pes planus, commonly known as flat foot is a deformity of the foot, characterized by loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. There are several diagnostic methods available, such -as radiographs and digital footprint scanning techniques, that involve the usage of ink, dyes, and expensive instrumentation which may be harmful and not readily available at all time. The arch height may prove to be a user-friendly, portable, and affordable means of grading the foot. However, no tools were found during the search for review of literature. Hence, a need for a tool to measure the arch height and further give standard range of the arch height for flat feet and non-flat feet was identified. OBJECTIVE To design a tool and further provide values to differentiate flatfoot and non-flatfoot using arch height as a measurement tool. RELEVANCE The instrument was designed to quantify arch height and values to differentiate flatfoot and non-flatfoot are provided by comparison with Chippaux Smirak Index (CSI). METHOD The study evaluated the medial longitudinal arches of 30 individuals (60 feet) using static footprints and arch height measurement with tool. The footprints were classified into flatfoot and non-flatfoot using CSI. Data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS The range of medial longitudinal arch height between 15-21mm in sitting position and 13-19 mm in standing position identified with non-flat foot, while the range of medial longitudinal arch height between 10-14 mm in sitting position and 8-12 mm in standing position identified with flat foot when compared with CSI. These findings suggest that the tool can be used effectively to measure the medial longitudinal arch height and differentiate between individuals with flat foot and non-flat foot. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the tool is effective in measuring the medial longitudinal arch height and can be used to differentiate between individuals with flat foot and non-flat foot. Designers of the tool would like to name the tool as ArchCheck Tool.

Development of graphene oxide and magnesia immobilized kaolin supported dual biopolymeric hybrid material for methyl orange and malachite green removal from water

Industrial usage of various dyes seriously depends on the efficient treatment of industrial effluents. Efficient retention of waste matter using a variety of adsorbent materials has as a result turned into dangerous. In this research article, graphene oxide (GO) cum magnesium oxide (MgO) impregnated kaolin (KA) based chitosan (CS) and pectin (Pect) composite namely GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect as an adsorbent material for effective methyl orange (MO) and malachite green (MG) removal in aquatic system. The physico-chemical properties like bonding, structural morphology and elemental composition of GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect were explored with numerous sophisticated instrumental techniques viz., FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDAX and elemental mapping analysis. The influencing parameters of adsorption method, with effect of reaction time, solution pH, dosage, pHzpc, initial MO/MG concentration and temperature were investigated for MO and MG removal under batch scale. The removal of MO and MG rate of the GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect was incredibly fast and the adsorption kinetic method was driven with intraparticle diffusion (IPD) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models. The adsorption isotherm strongly well-adapted with Langmuir isotherm and the maximum removal efficiency of GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect was found to be 45.50 and 42.00 mg/g for MO and MG respectively within 40 min. The MO and MG uptake by GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect was majorly owing to chemical adsorption namely electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction mechanism. The prepared GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect was productively regenerated with absolute ethanol and could be repetitively reused. This exploration reveals the feasibility and selectivity of the GO/MgO/KA/CS-Pect as genuine adsorbent material for removal of MO and MG from the aquatic system.

A Study on Natural Dye Application on Cotton Fabric using Clitoria Ternatea

In this fast fashion era dyeing is considered as a major cause for the textile pollution. It is also a cause for many deadly diseases due to the poor usage of synthetic dyes and most of the textile industry does not care about the workers and their protective wears and the workers suffer from health hazardous due the emitted effluents that gets emitted from the dyeing process. During the dyeing the synthetic dyes produce strong fumes, and these are highly carcinogenic and while disposing the dye there are proper treatment for the disposal otherwise this will create a huge damage to the environment. The present study focuses on colour ant that is extracted from clitoriaternatea flower on cotton fabric has been studied using alum. The wash, rub, light, and perspiration fastness of the dyed samples have been tested. It is discovered that clitoriaternatea dye can be successfully used for the dyeing of cotton to obtain a wide range of colours by using various mordant. In regard to colour fastness test samples exhibit excellent fastness to sunlight, washing, crocking, perspiration, and saliva.

Electrical, structural and photovoltaic properties of acceptor dye modified Au/n-Ge heterostructure

n-Ge heterostructure is fabricated using organic dye interlayers such as sulforhodamine-G (SRG) using low-cost spin coating technique and explored its electrical and structural features. The I–V measurements of the Au/SRG/n-Ge heterostructure (HJ) show good rectification behavior. It has been noticed that the barrier height (0.73 eV) of the Au/SRG/n-Ge heterojunction was significantly higher than the Au/n-Ge Schottky diode (SD) (0.63 eV). Cheung's function and the Norde method has been utilized to evaluate the various barrier parameters to understand the non-ideal behavior of the contacts at higher bias region. The low value of the series resistance for HJ (53 Ω) is observed than compared to the SD without organic dye (2974 Ω). Barrier parameters evaluated from the Norde method were compared with those from the Cheung method and found that they confirmed the consistency of Schottky barrier parameters obtained from both techniques. The transport properties of the HJ and SD in the forward bias region are evaluated using the log (I) vs. log (V) plot. At larger forward bias voltages, a change in the drift of current conduction is observed from Ohmic current conduction to traps-assisted SCLC conduction. This may be ascribed to the presence of defects or traps at the n-Ge and SRG interface possibly associated with the organic dye. Also, the photovoltaic properties of the SRG/n-Ge heterostructures were evaluated at 100 mW/cm2 showing significant photoresponse indicates the usage of SRG dyes in photosensitive applications.

Vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy: A review of indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most severe forms of retinopathy and a leading cause of blindness all over the world. Of a greater concern is proliferative diabetic retinopathy which leads to vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment in such cases. A majority of these cases require a surgical intervention to improve vision and prevent further vision loss. Surgical manouevers in these cases require a complex combination of vitrectomy, membrane dissection, judious usage of endodiathermy, endolaser, vital dyes, bimanual dissection and usage of intraoperative and post-operative tamponades. Each case presents a unique challenge and necessitates an appropriate combination of the steps mentioned above. In the current review we present the current understanding of the need for surgery in diabetic retinopathy, various surgical approaches and a summary of current literature on the same. Multiple surgical video clips demonstrating these steps are also included in this review.

More efficient usage of natural dyes through incorporation of cationic polymer into viscose fibres

Natural colorants could serve as a bio-based alternative for synthetic textile dyes. Most natural colorants exhibit limited affinity to cellulosic fibres. As a result only light shades are obtained and the efficiency in use of the valuable plant extracts is low. By addition of a cationic polymer to the viscose spin dope regenerated cellulose, fibres with incorporated cationic groups are obtained. The presence of accessible cationic sites increases sorption of natural dyes substantially. In dyeing experiments with extracts from canadian goldenrod, green nut shell and ashes bark darker dyeings were obtained the modified viscose fibres compared to results on cotton or viscose fibres. The higher sorption of the natural dyes can be explained with dissociation of the extracted natural dye molecules under dyebath conditions. The formation of negatively charged dye molecules was confirmed with model calculations for species distribution using representative natural dye molecules as examples. The results indicate a strategy for a more economic use of plant based colorants, which is a condition for wider use of this renewable dye source.

The Effect of Electric Voltage Variation and Flow Rate on Decreasing Remazol Red Rb 133 Dye Levels in a Continuous Electrocoagulation Process

The usage of synthetic dyes, such as Remazol Red RB 133, benefits the product by boosting its added value, but it also has a negative influence on the aquatic environment when waste water is disposed of directly. As a result, electrocoagulation technology is utilized to lower the levels of Remazol Red RB 133 dye, ensuring that it does not affect the environment. This study seeks to examine the influence of variations in electric voltage (10, 12, 14 volts) and flow rate (80, 100, and 120 mL/minute) on decreasing concentrations of the colorant RB-133 Remazol in the Continuous Electrocoagulation Process. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer will be used to see the dye concentration after the electrocoagulation process and will be analyzed using the adsorption kinetics model and the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.

A Novel Approach to Dye Cotton Goods without Using Electrolyte

The current study centers on eliminating salt in the dyeing process of cotton products using reactive dyes. This study identified that the usage of reactive dyes is generating a huge amount of waste products that are contaminating the environment. Hence, this study introduces salt-free reactive dyes that can be used on cotton and would not contribute to ecological contamination. The prime purpose of this study was to explore a promising approach to reduce the cost of the dying process. Therefore, this study proposed the fiber modification technique based on chitosan and 1,2 dichloroethane as a proposed method for dying cotton, which will eventually help in reducing disposal and hazardous waste generated by salt-based chemicals. When the fabric is subjected to a treatment involving polyacrylamide, it causes cellulose to exhibit the main characteristics of wool. As a result, cotton can be dyed using reactive dyes under neutral pH conditions, without the need for electrolyte and alkali. Similarly, when fabric is treated with an emulsion of 1,2 dichloroethane followed by amination with sodium hydroxide, the treatment was discovered to enhance color fixation also. The modification was investigated through in-depth analysis in this research.

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Tencel Fabric by Using Natural Dye Extracted from Eucalyptus Leaves

The usage of natural dyes as environmentally suitable dyeing methods has extended during the recent years. The prime focus of this research is on the extraction and purification of natural dyes from eucalyptus leaves. With its numerous applications, eucalyptus leaves are highly valued for their diverse application, particularly as a rich source of natural colours. Quercetin is the primary colouring component in eucalyptus leaves. It has been utilized as a food dye with strong antioxidant properties and as an antioxidant. The goal of this research is to dye Tencel fabric using eucalyptus leaf-derived natural dye. The dye was extracted by using an ultrasonic extraction technique. Different ratios of the two mordants copper sulfate and ferrous sulphate were applied. Dyeing was carried out with different temperatures and concentrations and the pre-mordanting method was used for mordanting. The dyed Tencel fabric displayed a good colour strength of (K/S = 4.72), CIELAB values, and good to excellent light fastness (5), wash (4-5), perspiration (4-5), and rubbing (dry and wet = 4-5) fastness properties.

Analytical Applicability of Graphene-Modified Electrode in Sunset Yellow Electrochemical Assay.

Due to the recent increase in average living standards, food safety has caught public attention. It is necessary to conduct a qualitative and quantitative rapid test of prohibited food additives since the inclusion of food additives or the improper usage of synthetic dyes can negatively impact on the human health. Herein, a highly sensitive method for Sunset Yellow detection based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with few-layer graphenes was proposed. The electrochemical behavior of SY at the GR-exf/GCE modified surface was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry, Square Wave Voltammetry, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Amperometry. The influences of pH, scan rate, and interfering species were studied. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor shows good linearity over a broad SY concentration range, e.g., 0.028-30 µM, with a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.0085 µM) and quantification (LOQ = 0.028 µM) (data obtained by amperometric technique). Furthermore, the modified electrode shows good selectivity, precision and sensitivity and has been successfully applied for SY quantification from commercially available pharmaceutical formulation as well as from candy bars and orange juice.

Predicting the biodegradation of the azo dye Tertracid Red E using residual plots

Water is useful for everything but a lot of water is being consumed and also getting polluted especially due to the modernization of the world. The main contributors to this situation are textile industries where the usage of azo dyes is high. Hence it is needed to treat the azo dye contaminated effluent of these industries. The biodegradation of Tertracid Red E in shaking conical flasks was investigated using Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus (NCIM number 5438) and Erwinia Chrysanthemi Burkholder (NCIM no 5213). pH (4–12), temperature (15OC-40OC), agitation (0 rpm-80 rpm), and dye concentration (30 mgl−1 to 200 mgl−1) were all examined as environmental factors that affect the biodegradation of the dye. For the ANOVA study, the biodegradation was calculated statistically using MINITAB 14 software. Individual residual plots as well as scatter plots of the decolorization of the azodye contaminated wastewater were also talked about in this work.

Formulation of tinted lip gloss from lotus flower and date seed oil

In the past few decades, there is a large emergence in usage of natural dyes and scents. With the purpose of reducing extreme damage caused to human body due to synthetic substances, most ingredients in cosmetics have been lately shifted to those obtained from natural sources. This ensures maximum efficacy with minimum side effects. In addition to the fragrance and colors, medicinal properties (anti-oxidant property of Neem/Aloe-vera, anti-wrinkle property of Amla, anti-inflammatory property of Turmeric) can also be included in lipsticks and lip glosses to enhance quality and variability. The aim of this study is to formulate tinted lip gloss with subtle colors in addition to the moisturizing effect obtained from natural sources of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus flower petals) and date seed oil respectively. Such a formulation caters to the practical requirement of a wide population of women in general obtaining color, fragrance and moisturizing property, all in one. The formulated product was evaluated and reported herewith. It gave tinted glossy formulation with a smooth consistency excluding the side effects of beeswax and parabens. The formula produced a beautiful light pink natural color as well as a pleasant scent.

Bacterial Secondary Metabolites as Biopigments for Textile Dyeing

In the past two decades, a growing body of research regarding the utilization of natural bacterial pigments or dyes for textile dyeing has emerged. Bacterial pigments are bacterial secondary metabolites that usually have bright colors and some special properties (e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidative, UV protective etc.). In addition to their high production yield, these special properties led scientists to research and develop methods for utilizing bacterial pigments in textile dyeing. This study presents the current state this field of research, with a focus on the dyeing potential of bacterial pigments for different types of textile material. The potential future directions of research in this area are also highlighted. In addition to the durable dyeing of textiles, bacterial pigments with special properties, such as antimicrobial activity, can add multifunctionality to dyed materials, thus increasing the value of the final product. This emerging field of research will also have a great impact on sustainability and the environment, contributing to the decreased usage of synthetic dyes in the textile industry.

Recent Literature Review of Significance of Polypyrrole and Its Biocomposites in Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Solution

The usage of dyes has been tremendously augmented due to industrialization and human’s intrinsic fascination with colors. Owing to their excessive usage in industries like textiles, food, cosmetics, paints, printing etc., it is indisputably a contributing factor in aquatic pollution. Dyes effluents have emerged as a burgeoning challenge. Owing to issues such as toxicity, mutagenicity, and disturbed photosynthesis associated with dye contamination, it is crucial to look for an explication to deal with this challenge. Polypyrrole-based biocomposites have been reported as good adsorbents for textile wastewater treatment. In the last decade, numerous studies have stated the effective removal of dyes via Polypyrrole-based biocomposites. This review concentrates on the implication of different Polypyrrole-based biocomposites for decontamination of dyes and synthesis methods, characteristics, and mechanism of dyes degradation by these biocomposites from wastewater.

Red Tomato Products as an Alternative to Reduce Synthetic Dyes in the Food Industry: A Review

Most dyes used in the food industry are synthetic and can be a health hazard. Red tomato may serve as a natural alternative dye to replace synthetic colorants. This study aimed to review the literature on the addition of red tomato products (powder tomato, paste, freeze-dried, tomato peel powder, tomato pomace) to reduce the usage of synthetic dyes in the food industry. Red tomato products have been used as coloring in pasta, bologna, sausages, cookies, crackers, macaroons, hamburgers, breads, muffins, cheeses, and nuggets. The trans-cis isomerization of lycopene by oxidative processes directly affects the color of the pigment. The lycopene contained in tomato has antioxidant activity and could reduce or eliminate other oxidants and/or synthetic preservatives in food. Moreover, tomatoes in foods have high sensory scores, nutritional appeal, and marketing potential. However, its use as a food colorant has been not extensively explored. Therefore, further studies are still required, especially on the stability of carotenoids in tomatoes used in processed foods.

Assessment of cyto-nephrotoxicity and growth performance in Labeo rohita induced by fluorescein dye Y and B

The cyto-nephrotoxicity in fishes induced by dyes is a global issue. Fluorescein dye has a wide range of applications in industry and biological laboratories. In vivo experiment was planned to assess the sublethal effects of Fluorescein dye, Eosin Y, and Eosin B in Labeo rohita. This freshwater fish was exposed to increasing concentrations (0.0011, 0.0023, and 0.0047 mg/L) of both dyes in the aquarium for definite time intervals. A dye-free trial was set as a control. Fish was anesthetized and dissected by cutting on the ventral side to remove a kidney. Cyto-nephrotoxicity was detected through histopathology. The fish's significant mortality was observed when exposed to 0.0023 mg/L (LC50) and 0.0047 mg/L concentration of Eosin Y dye. These trial groups showed many kidney tissues alterations such as glomerular, tubular epithelial cell's degeneration, a reduced lumen of tubules, vacuolation, absence of bowmen's space, necrosis, glomerulonephritis with increased per tubular space, shrinking of the glomerulus, congestion, clogging, and degeneration of tubules. Eosin B showed less mortality and tissue damage, including glomerular contraction and increased space between glomerulus and capsule. ANOVA showed a highly significant reduction in weight gain of fish at different treatments levels of Eosin Y, but less or none in the case of Eosin B. Increase in fish weight was found to be 66.3 ± 0.38 g when exposed to Eosin Y at 0.0047 mg/L, but it was 69.05 ± 0.63 g when exposed to Eosin B while it was almost identical 69.2 ± 0.23 g for both dye-free trial groups. The pair-wise comparison showed that exposure of the Eosin Y at treatment level 0.0047 mg/L was found to be highly toxic for the kidneys of Labeo rohita. Although both classes of dye are cytotoxic at small concentrations, Eosin Y is acute cyto-nephrotoxic and was found to be involved in growth retardation. To prevent society from fatal consequences, usage of dyes having acute toxicity must be banned or switched to alternates having no effects.

A new technique to estimate percentage decolorization of synthetic dyes on solid media by extracellular laccase from white-rot fungus

The enormous colored effluent discharges due to increased usage of synthetic dyes in textile and other chemical industries pollute both freshwater and marine reservoirs and cause ecotoxicity and serious health problems. This issue needs to be addressed skillfully and demands an ecofriendly and economically feasible technique. Pertaining to this, the current study was focused on the use of a white rot fungus, Resinicium bicolor to decolorize and degrade a recalcitrant dye, Congo red (CR) through its extracellular laccase enzyme secreted by mycelia. This work was also intended to develop a simple mathematical formula to calculate decolorization (%) of various dye categories usually tested on the solid medium plate involving different white rot fungi. The fungus was grown on malt extract agar (MEA) plate containing media supplemented with CR, 1% (g/l) to check the extent of decolorization and hence efficacy of Resinicium bicolor laccase at an interval of 24 hours (hrs). Decolorization (%) was determined by a formula derived from ‘Plate Volume Method’ (PVM). The maximum decolorization achieved on solid medium was 97.79% and 96.79% in liquid culture medium by the end of 96 hrs without the involvement of any chemical mediators which are generally toxic and expensive. Efficient decolorization achieved in the liquid medium validated the accuracy of ‘PVM’.

Simple HPLC-PDA Analysis to Determine Illegal Synthetic Dyes in Herbal Medicines

Various synthetic dyes are artificially added to herbal medicines for the purpose of visual attraction. In order to monitor the illegal usage of synthetic dyes in herbal medication, a rapid and straightforward analysis method to determine synthetic dyes is required. The study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to determine ten synthetic dyes in Hawthorn fruit, Cornus fruit, and Schisandra fruit. Ten synthetic dyes such as Tartrazine, Sunset yellow, Metanil yellow, Auramine O, Amaranth, Orange II, Acid red 73, Amaranth, New Coccine, Azorubine, and Erythrosine B, were extracted using 50 mM ammonium acetate in 70% MeOH; then separated by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 50 mM ammonium acetate in distilled water using a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 428 nm or 500 nm. In addition, this study established the LC-MS/MS method to confirm the existence of synthetic dyes in the positive sample solution. The HPLC analysis had good linearity (r2 > 0.999). The recoveries of this method ranged from 74.6~132.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were less than 6.9%. Most of the samples fulfilled the acceptance criteria of the AOAC guideline. This study demonstrates that the HPLC analysis can be applied to determine ten synthetic dyes in herbal medication.

Solar Photooxygenations for the Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals-Technologies and Applications.

Photooxygenation reactions involving singlet oxygen (1O2) are utilized industrially as a mild and sustainable access to oxygenated products. Due to the usage of organic dyes as photosensitizers, these transformations can be successfully conducted using natural sunlight. Modern solar chemical reactors enable outdoor operations on the demonstration (multigram) to technical (multikilogram) scales and have subsequently been employed for the manufacturing of fine chemicals such as fragrances or biologically active compounds. This review will highlight examples of solar photooxygenations for the manufacturing of industrially relevant target compounds and will discuss current challenges and opportunities of this sustainable methodology.

Production of Brachiaria mutica as natural dyes powder for textile application: characterisation study

Innovation of synthetic dyes successfully eliminated the utilisation of natural materials as textile dyes. Simplicity as well as variety of colours strongly increased the application of synthetic dyes. Nevertheless, environmental concern has lately forced the use of natural dyes. To simplify the usage of natural dyes, production of natural dyes powder is inevitable. Investigation was carried out to examine the effects of solvent and filler types on the yield, chromaticity, flavonoid content, and water content of natural dyes powder. In this work, Brachiaria mutica was used as a sample source. It was crushed and grinded before extracted using mixture of methanol and water as solvents at various methanol concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Extraction was carried out at a ratio of raw materials to solvent of 1:10. The filler of maltodextrine or gum arabic was added into dye extract before then converted into powder form by the aid of spray dryer. It was found that among the provided solvents, system using 50% methanol was considered to be optimal in resulting high yield as well as flavonoid content, while maltodextrine is chosen as providing better result than that of gum Arabic. Moreover, methanol concentration of 50% and 5% maltodextrine filler generated greyish yellow colour with the lowest water content of 0.9%.