Abstract
Various synthetic dyes are artificially added to herbal medicines for the purpose of visual attraction. In order to monitor the illegal usage of synthetic dyes in herbal medication, a rapid and straightforward analysis method to determine synthetic dyes is required. The study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to determine ten synthetic dyes in Hawthorn fruit, Cornus fruit, and Schisandra fruit. Ten synthetic dyes such as Tartrazine, Sunset yellow, Metanil yellow, Auramine O, Amaranth, Orange II, Acid red 73, Amaranth, New Coccine, Azorubine, and Erythrosine B, were extracted using 50 mM ammonium acetate in 70% MeOH; then separated by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 50 mM ammonium acetate in distilled water using a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 428 nm or 500 nm. In addition, this study established the LC-MS/MS method to confirm the existence of synthetic dyes in the positive sample solution. The HPLC analysis had good linearity (r2 > 0.999). The recoveries of this method ranged from 74.6~132.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were less than 6.9%. Most of the samples fulfilled the acceptance criteria of the AOAC guideline. This study demonstrates that the HPLC analysis can be applied to determine ten synthetic dyes in herbal medication.
Highlights
Synthetic dyes are often used in various products, including food, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and drugs because they improve the products’ physical appearance and visual attractiveness but are relatively facile and cheap to produce [1]
Considering and intermediate precision obtained from cross-validation satisfied the AOAC acceptance the economic situation of the herbal medicine industry in Korea, this study focused on developing an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis as a more economical and accessible analysis procedure for quantifying ten synthetic dyes in herbal medicines
The proposed HPLC analysis used 100 mM ammonium acetate in 70% MeOH to extract ten synthetic dyes from herbal medicines
Summary
Synthetic dyes are often used in various products, including food, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and drugs because they improve the products’ physical appearance and visual attractiveness but are relatively facile and cheap to produce [1]. Since synthetic dyes are frequently used in food and drug formulations, concerns regarding the safety of synthetic dyes have increased for decades. Several research works have demonstrated the risk of synthetic dyes provoking behavior disorders in children, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity. According to the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) portal, risk information related to the adulteration of synthetic colorants in herbal medicines has reported that turmeric powders are adulterated by Orange II In another case, Orange II was artificially added to Safflowers (2019, 4, Germany and the United Kingdom).
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