Urological Science Research Articles

Video-Assisted Minilaparotomy Surgery (VAMS): Challenging Cases of Nephron-Sparing Surgery in a Solitary Kidney

Kyo Chul Koo, Woong Kyu Han, Seung Choul Yang From the Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Although radical nephrectomy is the mainstay in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a solitary kidney with RCC is an imperative indication for nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). In this rare setting, radical nephrectomy can potentially render the patient anephric, leading to dialysis or renal transplantation. Although open surgery is still the gold standard for NSS, there has been an upsurge in the number of minimally invasive NSS procedures that have demonstrated excellent long-term oncologic, surgical, and functional outcomes. Complex renal tumors in the setting of a solitary kidney add an additional challenge to minimally invasive NSS. Here we describe 3 complex cases of RCC in a solitary kidney treated successfully by video-assisted minilaparotomy surgery-NSS. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:288-292) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

A 1-Year, Open Label, Randomized Phase II Dose Finding Study of Degarelix for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer in North America

Degarelix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist (blocker) with rapid onset of action suppressing gonadotropins, testosterone and prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer. In the present open label, randomized study in North America we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a starting dose of 200 mg degarelix followed by monthly injections of 60 or 80 mg during 1 year of prostate cancer treatment. A total of 127 patients (median age 76 years, range 47 to 93) with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were enrolled in the study. Efficacy was assessed by measuring serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen. Median baseline testosterone and prostate specific antigen levels were 4.13 ng/ml (P25-P75 3.03-5.11) and 13.4 ng/ml (P25-P75 6.80-25.7), respectively. The starting dose induced a rapid suppression of testosterone in that 88% of the patients had testosterone levels of 0.5 ng/ml or less 1 month after the injection. For patients who had testosterone levels of 0.5 ng/ml or less after 1 month, 93% and 98% of those receiving maintenance doses of 60 and 80 mg, respectively, had testosterone levels that were consistently 0.5 ng/ml or less at all monthly measurements from 1 month to 1 year. No evidence of testosterone surge was detected. In both groups prostate specific antigen decreased by 96% after 1 year and median time to 90% reduction in prostate specific antigen was 56 days. Six patients (5%) withdrew from the study due to adverse events. Degarelix treatment for 1 year resulted in a fast, profound and sustained suppression of testosterone and prostate specific antigen with no evidence of testosterone surge. Degarelix was well tolerated.

William E. Bradley and His Contributions to Urology

We review the myriad contributions to urological science by neurologist and engineer, William E. Bradley. Remembrances and personal interviews were collated for this article. Doctor Bradley was a pioneer in neurourology. He described a neurophysiological paradigm for micturition, devised urodynamic and electrophysiological techniques, and contributed to the development of genitourinary prosthetic devices. Doctor Bradley made notable and groundbreaking contributions to urology, many of which are still in use today.

Robotic Prostatectomy in a Patient with a Miles' Operation

Won Sik Ham, Sang Woon Kim, Young Deuk Choi From the Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Robotic prostatectomy (RP) has recently been added to the treatments for localized prostate cancer and it is increasingly being utilized at many centers. The benefits of minimally invasive surgery, the enhanced functional outcomes and the increased patient demand have led to the popularity of this surgical technique. However, RP has been reported to be technically challenging in patients with a history of prior complex lower abdominal/pelvic surgery, morbid obesity, a large prostate, prior pelvic irradiation, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy or prior prostate surgery. We report here on our experience of robotic prostatectomy (RP) in a prostate cancer patient with a Miles's operation and this pateint had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic irradiation for rectal cancer. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:464-468) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

Various Types of Urethral Duplication Found in Boys

Hyeyoung Lee, Chang Hee Hong, Sang Won Han From the Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly that can present in various clinical forms according to the plane and extent of duplication. Although some are associated with abnormalities of the external genitalia, others present as mild condition which is incidentally found. Nine cases of complete and incomplete types of urethral duplication have been reported in the Korean literature. We report the clinical presentation and management of four cases of various types of urethral duplication in boys. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:659-663) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

The Effects of GAC on the Biochemical Profiles and Quality of Life of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients

Sung Joon Hong, Byung Ha Chung, Jung Soo Kim, Min June Lee, Sun Yoon, Hea Young Oh, Eun Jin Lee, Heon Gwan Lim, Sun Buxiang Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, R&D Division, Amino Up Chemical Company, Sapporo, Japan

Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen in Korean Men

From the Department of Urology & Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Urology, Ilsan Hospital, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Department of Urology, Inha University, Incheon, Department of Urology, Ajou University, Suwon, Department of Urology, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Department of Urology, Inje University, Busan, Department of Urology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea

TRENDS IN UROLOGY GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION: A BRIEF UPDATE FROM THE UROLOGY RESIDENCY REVIEW COMMITTEE

This communication clarifies recent trends with regard to the number and configuration of urology training programs, and more precisely describes recent variations in the number of urology residents in training. We reviewed and analyzed longitudinal data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education regarding the number of urology resident positions as well as the number and format of urology training programs in the United States. Several publications related to general and urological graduate medical education were also reviewed. In response to various accreditation and demographic forces the total number of urology residency training programs has decreased by more than 20% since 1982. Coincident with this decrease was a transition in urology resident education away from smaller preceptor based programs and toward the current model of larger, broad based training programs anchored by academic medical centers. The educational format of most residency programs has also evolved, such that in 2003 all except 1 accredited program required 4 years of education in the clinical and basic urological sciences. For most programs this shift coincided with a decrease in the duration of pre-urological general surgical training. The number of first year urology residents decreased progressively between 1994 and 1998 before stabilizing at the current level of approximately 250 first year positions. In 2003 the total number of urologists in training was actually higher than it had been for most of the last decade. We describe recent trends in urological graduate medical education. The observations reported suggest that our specialty has maintained its focus on training a consistent number of high quality urological surgeons.

The soft-tissue rim sign.

HomeRadiologyVol. 229, No. 1 PreviousNext Signs in ImagingThe Soft-Tissue Rim SignNizar A. Al-NakshabandiNizar A. Al-NakshabandiAuthor Affiliations1From the Department of Radiology, Abdominal Division, Vancouver Hospital and Health Science Centre, British Columbia, Canada. Received June 9, 2002; revision requested July 16; final revision received October 2; accepted October 22. Address correspondence to the author, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: [email protected]).Nizar A. Al-NakshabandiPublished Online:Oct 1 2003https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2291020690MoreSectionsFull textPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In References 1 Kawashima A, Sandler C, Boridy IC, Takahashi N, Benson GS, Goldman SM. Unenhanced helical CT of ureterolthiasis: value of the tissue rim sign. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 168:997-1000. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar2 Heneghan JP, Dalrymple NC, Verga M, Rosenfield AT, Smith RC. Soft-tissue rim sign in the diagnosis of ureteral calculi with use of unenhanced helical CT. Radiology 1997; 202:709-711. Link, Google Scholar3 Smith RC, Levine J, Rosenfeld AT. Helical CT of urinary tract stones. Radiol Clin North Am 1999; 37:911-949. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4 Spencer BA, Wood BJ, Dretler SP. Helical CT and ureteral colic. Radiol Clin North Am 2000; 27:1-12. Google Scholar5 Bell TV, Fenlon HM, Davison BD, Ahari HK, Hussain S. Unenhanced helical CT criteria to differentiate distal ureteral calculi from pelvic phleboliths. Radiology 1998; 207:363-367. Link, Google Scholar6 Smith RC, Verga M, Dalrymple N, McCarthy S, Rosenfield A. Acute ureteral obstruction: value of secondary signs on helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 167:1109-1113. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarArticle HistoryPublished in print: Oct 2003 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByClinical study on ureteritis observed in contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the emergency departmentJihyukChung, Ji UngNa, Jang HeeLee, Sang KukHan, Pil ChoChoi, Dong HyukShin2022 | Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 3Classic Imaging SignsXinLi, ChengkaiZhou, JieZhou2021Secondary signs on preoperative CT as predictive factors for febrile urinary tract infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsyJin WooKim, You JinLee, Yun-SokHa, Jun NyungLee, Hyun TaeKim, So YoungChun, Bum SooKim2020 | BMC Urology, Vol. 20, No. 1Factors predicting the spontaneous passage of a ureteric calculus of ⩽10 mmAbul-fotouhAhmed, Ahmed H.Gabr, Abdel-AzizEmara, MahmoudAli, Al-SayedAbdel-Aziz, SaadAlshahrani2015 | Arab Journal of Urology, Vol. 13, No. 2Computed Tomographic Imaging of Renal and Ureteral EmergenciesNetanel S.Berko, Robert J.Dym2015 | Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology, Vol. 44, No. 2Radiopaedia.orgAylaAl Kabbani, DavidPuyó2013Comparison of secondary signs as shown by unenhanced helical computed tomography in patients with uric acid or calcium ureteral stonesYii-HerChou, Wei-PoChou, Mu-EnLiu, Wei-MingLi, Ching-ChiaLi, Chia-ChuLiu, Yung-ShunJuan, Shu-ChingPan2012 | The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 6Secondary signs during non-enhanced helical computed tomography in the diagnosis of ureteral stonesYii-HerChou2012 | Urological Science, Vol. 23, No. 4Usefulness of Early Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Colic Patients with Ureteral StonesHyeung JoonChoi, Jin-HeeJung, JungbumBae, Min ChulCho, Hae WonLee, Kwang SooLee2012 | Korean Journal of Urology, Vol. 53, No. 12Low-Dose Versus Standard-Dose CT Protocol in Patients with Clinically Suspected Renal ColicPierre-AlexandrePoletti, AlexandraPlaton, Olivier T.Rutschmann, Franz R.Schmidlin, Christophe E.Iselin, Christoph D.Becker2007 | American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 188, No. 4Fundamentals of Body CTWilliam E.Brant2006Recommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 229, No. 1 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

The History of Research Training and Career Awards in Urological Science Supported in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Urology research and training grants were placed into a separate research program in 1979. Research emphasis and the context of training programs have changed from a focus on urolithiasis in the 1970s to a broader range of urological disorders in the 1980s. From 1977 to 1990, 49 applications were submitted by 47 applicants for research training/career development support and 39% of the applications were successful. From 1977 to 1987 medical doctors applying for research/career training had a 75% success rate in subsequent National Institutes of Health research grant applications, and basic scientists had a 67% success rate. Of the 33 former trainees supported on institutional training grants during the last 14 years 76% were medical doctors and 24% were basic scientists. From 1977 to 1987, no former medical doctors or basic scientists from institutional training grants have a record of applying to the National Institutes of Health for research grant support. The urology community needs to capitalize on the available opportunities to expand the training programs to increase the number of physician and urological research scientists.