Infections Of Urogenital System Research Articles

Resistance Rates of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated from Urine Samples to Various Antibiotics

Aim: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, are Gram-positive, encapsulated bacteria found in the normal human gastrointestinal and urogenital flora. A wide variety of infectious diseases can cause urogenital system infections in newborns, elderly people, immunocompromised people, pregnant women, and adults. In this study, we aimed to inform clinicians about the agents that can be used in intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis by examining the antibiotic susceptibility of GBS strains isolated from urine samples from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in our laboratory.
 Material and Methods: Isolates of the S. agalactiae isolated from a total of 222 urine samples from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic that came to our Medical Microbiology laboratory between January 2022 and December 2022 were included and the data of these isolates were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical samples that came to our laboratory were inoculated on Sheep blood agar medium and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. Quantitatively seeded urine culture ≥104 CFU/ml grown bacteria was considered a uropathogenic. Urogenital skin flora element or three and more different types of bacteria growing cultures as contamination evaluated. 
 Results: Due to the group selected as the sample, 100% of the patients were female. The age range of the patients ranged from 12 to 72, and the mean age was calculated as 30.16. All GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin, linezolid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tigecycline, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. 
 Conclusion: Penicillin resistance was not found in our study. However, resistant strains were detected in erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin, which stand out as other options in cases where penicillin cannot be used.

Bovine Escherichia coli Mastitis and Effects on Milk Microbiota

Escherichia coli is a microorganism that is found in the normal intestinal microbiota of humans and warm-blooded animals, causing intestinal or extra-intestinal infections. Many pathogenic E. coli strains can cause diarrhea, septicemia, neonatal meningitis, mastitis, urogenital system infections and various intra-abdominal, lung, soft tissue and skin infections in pets. Determining the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals is very important for the prevention of infections caused by E. coli. In recent years, a new animal pathotype mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC), which causes mammary gland infections in animals has been included in the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli group. The fact that approximately %25-%35 of the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of Gram-negative agents is unsuccessful indicates that the use of correct diagnostic tools should take place in routine before etiological diagnosis. Profiles in bovine milk with mastitis suggest that clinical mastitis is associated with dysbacteriosis and that the microbial community in an intact mammary gland helps prevent intramammary infection. In this review, the change in bacterial diversity of milk microbiota due to antimicrobial use in E. coli-induced mastitis cases is discussed together with current studies.

Эмпирическая терапия – первая линия в лечении вульвовагинальных инфекций

Women with signs of urogenital system infections require diagnostic testing for timely and adequate verification of the pathogen and prescription of therapy considering pathogen eradication. However, the identification of specific pathogens in practice takes some time. Therefore, empirical therapy based on a subjective evaluation of the symptoms of vulvovaginal infections and assessment of drug susceptibility of pathogens is common in practical gynecology. At the same time, it is acceptable to use broad-spectrum agents that act on bacteria, fungi, and protozoa and do not contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. These are topical antimicrobial agents – antiseptics. Objective. To study the efficacy of dequalinium chloride as first-line treatment of patients with signs of vulvovaginal noninflammatory and inflammatory diseases initiated by opportunistic pathogens and aerobic bacteria. Patients and methods. The study included 74 women aged 18 to 45 years (31.4 ± 0.5 years) who were diagnosed with other inflammation of vagina and vulva (N76) or other non-inflammatory disorders of vagina (N89) based on their complaints and examination during an initial visit to a gynecologist. Prior to treatment, laboratory testing of the vaginal microflora by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the test Femoflor was performed, and empirical therapy with dequalinium chloride was applied. Subsequently, the results of laboratory tests before and after treatment were analyzed, as well as the dynamics of clinical manifestations of vulvovaginal infections against the background of therapy with topical antiseptic. Results. The prescription of dequalinium chloride as empirical therapy is effective for both elimination of the clinical manifestations of vulvovaginal infections and for normalization of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the vaginal microbiota at the outpatient appointment. Conclusion. Dequalinium chloride (Fluomisin®) may be recommended to women for correcting disorders of the vaginal microbiocenosis at their initial visit before the results of laboratory tests are obtained. Key words: vulvovaginal infection, normal microbiota, empirical therapy, dequalinium chloride

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum: Their Role in Urogenital System Infections and Retrospective Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Rates

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum: Their Role in Urogenital System Infections and Retrospective Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Rates

The new view on treatment of the infections of urogenital system of pregnant women with diabetes

The article discusses the application and effectiveness of drug Aflazin® manufactured by Valartin Pharma Ltd. as an antimicrobial therapy in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus in the II-III trimesters with uncomplicated urinary tract infection.In the course of the study, 91 women aged 18–40 years were examined. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: 45 women entered group I (main), and group II (comparisons) – 46 pregnant women. All women received basic antibiotic therapy used in the clinic for the treatment of chronic nonspecific urinary tract infections. Additionally, pregnant women from the comparison group received Aflazin® 1 capsule 2 times a day for 15 days.Characteristics of the clinical course of the disease in pregnant women of both groups were homogeneous. The main signs of uncomplicated urinary tract infection were frequent painful urination in small portions, pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region, an increase in body temperature. In 80% of cases, when studying the bacterial culture of the urine of pregnant women, microorganisms were detected in various associations.After using the drug Aflazin®, changes in the immunological reactivity of the organism were revealed due to a decrease in the level of CD4+-helpers and an increase in the percentage of phagocytosis. There was a change in the microbial spectrum of the organism towards the disappearance of the pathological flora in the urine. In the course of the study, a positive dynamics of the subjective and objective state of the examined women was obtained, a good tolerability and safety of the drug was noted.Complex therapy, supplemented with Aflazin®, had a significant positive effect on the overall condition of pregnant women. Efficacy of treatment as sufficient or high was noted in 45 (97.8%) cases from 46 in the comparison group and in 20 (44.4%) cases from 45 in the main group. The results obtained make it possible to recommend Aflazin® for the complex treatment of nonspecific urinary tract infections in women with diabetes mellitus in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy.

Infecciones micóticas del tracto urogenital masculino, importantes aunque poco frecuentes: revisión sistemática

Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urogenital son una de las causas más frecuentes durante las consultas por infertilidad masculina. Comúnmente se evalúan aquellas causadas por bacterias y virus, mientras que las producidas por hongos han sido subvaloradas; sin embargo, en las últimas décadas su frecuencia ha aumentado. Objetivo: describir algunas micosis del tracto urogenital masculino y su posible efecto sobre la fertilidad. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada sobre las micosis del tracto urogenital masculino y la fertilidad en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Redalyc, Springer y Google Académico. Resultados: se encontraron un total de 3.426 publicaciones que hablaban sobre el tema. Entre la información revisada se comprobó que el 90% de las micosis reportadas en el tracto urogenital masculino son ocasionadas por Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp. y Coccidioides spp., microorganismos que podrían ser los causantes de uretritis, balanopostitis, úlceras, pseudotumores, orquitis y prostatitis; además de afectar negativamente la calidad espermática, lo que causa alteraciones en la fecundación. Conclusiones: las infecciones fúngicas del tracto urogenital pueden desatar infertilidad, que si se tratan correctamente disminuirán la diseminación, morbilidad y mortalidad a causa de estos microrganismos.

SAT0084 Incidence of Infectious Complications in Rheumatic Patients Treated with BIOLOGICS in Vilnius University, Rheumatology Centre

BackgroundBiologics offer effective ways to treat autoimmune arthritis avoiding radiological progression. Yet, it has its own risks and hazards, most common - infectious complications.ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence of infectious complications...

Efficacy and safety profile of moxifloxacin in treatment of urogenital system infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

higher than conventional therapy [RR = 1.08, 95%CI (1.02, 1.14), P = 0.008; RR = 1.09, 95%CI (1.04, 1.14), P = 0.0005; RR = 1.04, 95%CI (0.99, 1.09), P = 0.08]; the incidences of adverse drug reactions between moxifloxacin and control group were not statistically significant [RR = 0.88, 95%CI (0.72, 1.06), P = 0.17]. In three large studies of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) patients, no statistically significant difference was found between moxifloxacin monotherapy group and control group about clinical cure rates, microbiological success rates and the incidences of adverse drug reactions [RR = 0.98, 95%CI (0.95, 1.02), P = 0.33; RR = 1.06, 95%CI (0.96, 1.16), P = 0.25; RR = 0.85, 95%CI (0.68, 1.05), P = 0.13]. Moxifloxacin can be suggested as the regimen of choice for treatment of urogenital system infections.