Urogenital Disorders Research Articles

Epidemiology Trend of Urogenital System Disorders of Hospitalized Patients in an Eastern Chinese City from 2017 to 2019.

To evaluate trends in the prevalence and clinical characteristics of urogenital diseases in hospitalized patients of secondary and tertiary hospitals in Ningbo, an east coast city in China, from 2017 to 2019. We collected the data on hospitalized patients in Ningbo secondary and tertiary hospitals from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The data included age, sex, and diagnosis identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, which were obtained from Ningbo National Health Information Platform. We quantified the epidemiology (age/sex-specific) trend of urogenital system disorders. From January 2017 to December 2019, there were 256750 hospitalized patients with urogenital system disorders. These hospitalized patients comprised more women than men (1.45:1.00). The number of hospitalized patients with these diseases significantly increased over the 3 years (77505, 89167, and 90078, respectively; Z = 20.03, p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of these diseases was in the 40- to 64-year-old age group (47.37%), followed by the 18- to 39-year-old age group (23.94%). Over the 3 years, the five most common diseases in hospitalized male patients were male reproductive organ disorders, urolithiasis, tubulointerstitial disease, renal failure, and glomerular disease; Whereas the five most common diseases in hospitalized female patients were non-inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract, benign or dynamic undetermined tumors of the female reproductive organs, disorders of breast (according to ICD-10, disorders of breast (N60-N64) were involved in urogenital system diseases (N00-N99)), inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs, and renal tubulointerstitial disease. In addition, the number of inpatients with renal tubulointerstitial disease significantly increased from 5952 to 9616 over the 3 years (rank increased from 6 to 3). Patients with urogenital system disorders significantly increased over the 3 years, occurring more often in women and most commonly in young and middle-aged people, which warrants more attention in clinical practice.

Role of Vitamin E in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is the common gynecologic problems, particularly among adolescent girls. The pain is severe during the first and/or second day of bleeding &amp; usually lasts up to 72 hours. More than 55 to 80% of post-menarche women are thought to experience primary dysmenorrhea. Both vitamin E and a placebo may lessen dysmenorrhea-related pelvic pain, although vitamin E appears to do more significantly Objective: To find the role of vitamin E in the treatment of Primary dysmenorrhea Methodology: This randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted at JankiDevi Jamiat Singh Maternity Hospital Lahore and Sir Syed Hospital Karachi from 1stJune 2021 to 31stMay 2022. Sample size 70 with age 16-28 years with unmarried women; regular menstrual cycles; no urogenital disorders; no previous history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. To check severity of pain we used Visual Analog Scale (VAS) &amp; Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale (CMSS) was used for grading the pain duration. Pain duration was categorized as follows: score 1: ≤0-0.5 hours of pain; score 2: 0.5-1 hours of pain; score 3:&gt;1 hour of pain; score 4: &gt;1 day of pain. Two groups were formed from the sample. Vitamin E 400 units/day in two divided doses was prescribed for the first group to begin the treatment course (5 days in a month,), and Placebo was given to the second. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS. Result: Total 70 were enrolled. There were 35 women given Vitamin E and 35 were given placebo. In Group 1, the mean age was 21.57+ 3.35 and in Group 2, the mean age was 22.0+3.05.Before treatment, the mean of VAS pain score was 49.29 in Vitamin E group ad placebo group was 58.71mm and after treatment, the mean of Vas pain score was reduce to 34.60 in vitamin E group and placebo group was 44.48. A significant difference was found the severity of pain and duration between the pre- and post treatment in both groups. Table: 2,3 As the comparison indicates, no significant differences were found regarding severity of pain and duration between the groups. ( p &lt; 0.05). This study will help the practioners,gynecologist for in the treatement of primary dysmenorrheal further this will also open the doors for further researches in this field. Conclusion: Vitamin E helps to relieve pain in primary dysmenorrhea. It can be considered as a universal medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea since it is a very simple way for pain control with fewer side effects and is cost-effective. Keywords: Dysmenorrhoea, Vitamin-E, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal symptoms

Aerococcus urinae — significance of detection in the paediatric urinary tract: a case series

Aerococcus urinae (A. urinae) is primarily recognized as a common pathogen in the geriatric population, causing urinary tract infection (UTI), sepsis, and endocarditis, predominantly in female patients. In the paediatric population, only a few case reports exist suggesting A. urinae causes malodorous urine in otherwise healthy boys. In this study, we investigated the spectrum of clinical and laboratory presentations of A. urinae detection in children. A retrospective, single-centre, case series including all patients with the detection of A. urinae during a 7-year study period. Patients with detection of A. urinae only in non-urogenital skin swabs were excluded. A total of 40 samples from 33 patients were identified of which 20 patients were included in the final analysis. The median (IQR) age was 6.8 (2.9–9.5) years; 18 (90%) patients were boys. Four patients were diagnosed with a UTI, six had malodorous urine without UTI, three were diagnosed with balanitis and seven showed A. urinae colonization in the urine culture. Urogenital disorders were present in 12 patients. Additional pathogens were detected in 13 patients. Recurrence of detection during our study period was observed in four (20%) patients. Conclusion: Beyond malodorous urine, A. urinae detection is associated with more severe presentations including UTI in the paediatric population. Pre-existing urogenital disorders were frequent, and therefore, a nephro-urological investigation should be considered in all cases of A. urinae detection in the paediatric population.What is Known:• Aerococcus urinae (A. urinae) is known to be a common pathogen in the geriatric population, causing urinary tract infection (UTI), sepsis, and endocarditis, predominantly in female patients.• In the paediatric population, A. urinae is mainly described as a low-grade pathogen. Some case reports describe A. urinae as the cause of extraordinary malodorous urine in otherwise healthy boys. What is New:• Beyond malodorous urine, A. urinae detection is associated with more severe presentations including UTI in the paediatric population.• A. urinae was mainly detected in boys with pre-existing urogenital disorders; therefore, a nephro-urological investigation should be considered in cases of A. urinae detection in the paediatric population.

Buck’s Fascia in Addition to Dartos Fascia is an Effective Intermediate Layer in Repair of Hypospadias

Background: Being a common congenital urogenital disorder, hypospadias is mostly treated by Snodgrass urethroplasty; urethrocutaneous fistula is the most frequent complication. Objective: To assess the outcomes of Snodgrass Urethroplasty when Buck’s (external spermatic) fascia was used with Dartos fascia to interpose between the neourethra and skin and to compare the results when only Dartos fascia was applied. Study Design: Prospective comparative study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital &amp; Institute of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan from 1st September 2018 to 31st August 2019 Methodology: Seventy four patients who were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 who underwent Snodgrass urethroplasty with dartos fascia as intermediate layer; while both dartos &amp; buck’s fascia was used in Group 2. Post-operative results were compared in terms of urethrocutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis and wound dehiscence. Results: Eleven patients with urethrocutaneous fistula, the rate of urethrocutaneous fistula was significantly less in the Buck’s and Dartos group [2(5.4%) versus 9(4.3%) in the dartos only group; p=0.022]. 4 patients presented with meatal stenosis; 3 (8.1%) from dartos group and 1 (2.7%) from dartos and buck’s group. 5 patients presented with Wound dehiscence; 4 (10.8%) from control group and 1 (2.7%) from experimental group, both of which were not statistically significant (p-value 0.304 and 0.165 respectively). Conclusion: The use of Buck’s Fascia in addition to Dartos Fascia as an interpositional layer in hypospadias repair bears immense role in the prevention of the most common complication i.e. urethrocutaneous fistula. Keywords: Buck’s fascia, Dartos fascia, Hypospadias, Urethrocutaneous fistula

Unlocking The Human Urobiome: Impact On Health and Disease- A Review

The urinary microbiome or the urobiome are the group of microbes present in the urinary tract. They came into the limelight in the last decade due to advances in diagnostic technologies. Two complementary assays are widely used for research in urobiomes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) paired with enhanced urine culture techniques (EUCT) are widely employed for research. This has paved the way for investigations on sterile body sites such as urine thereby breaking the myth of urine being considered sterile. EUCT, such as expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) contributed to the evidence that the microbes detected by the NGS are still alive. EQUC has been employed in clinical laboratories since the last decade and is indicated only when there are unexplained clinical symptoms and conventional urine culture is negative. Our aim is to have a comprehensive review study on the urobiome concerning health, its association with urological pathologies. Our main objective is to collect review and research articles using databases and review them for obtaining in-depth knowledge of the urobiome as well as to identify possible alternate study areas. The urobiome is a new area with minimal information available. This review helps the researcher to comprehend this upcoming area easily. Investigations into urobiome research, however, could have a considerable impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of urogenital disorders and even reveal novel possibilities. Thus, the forthcoming years will open a ripe ground for future research into diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies for urological pathologies.

Tanner stages and Prader orchidometry in male adolescents. A descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Introduction. The Tanner scale and the Prader orchidometer are the instruments most commonly used to assess pubertal development in children. The assessment of puberty in the clinic is only useful if recent and reliable references in the same population are available for comparison. Objective: to assess the correlation between Tanner stages and testicular volume (TV) in Argentine adolescents. Population and methods. Study with a descriptive, cross-sectional design conducted in healthy boys aged 9-20 years. Male children and adolescents with urogenital conditions and disorders affecting testicular growth were excluded. The correlation between Tanner stages and TV was assessed using non-parametric tests. Results. A total of 367 male adolescents with an average age of 13.8 ± 2.5 years were assessed. TV increased in correlation to Tanner stages (Spearman: 0.943, p<0.001)withsignificantlydifferent volumes, except in the early genital 1-2 stages (p 0.343) and pubic hair 1-2 stages (p 0.447). Among peripubertalboys,16%(95%confidenceinterval:9.6-24.4%,n=17/106)werewronglyclassifiedbasedon Tanner stages. Conclusions. During male puberty, TV increased in correlation to Tanner stages, but no significantdifferences were observed between Tanner stages 1 and 2. Using the Prader orchidometer is critical to establish the onset of puberty in boys.

Use of antimicrobials licensed for systemic administration in UK equine practice.

Judicious antimicrobial use (AMU) is important for preserving therapeutic effectiveness. Large-scale studies of antimicrobial prescribing can provide clinical benchmarks and help identify opportunities for improved stewardship. To describe systemic AMU in UK equine practice and identify factors associated with systemic and Category B (third and fourth generation cephalosporins, quinolones and polymixins) AMU. Retrospective cohort. Anonymised electronic patient records (EPRs) for all equids attended by 39 UK veterinary practices between 1 January and 31 December 2018 were collected via the VetCompass programme. Systemic antimicrobial prescriptions were identified using electronic keyword searches. Indications for AMU were determined through manual review of a randomly selected subset of EPRs. The types and frequency of systemic antimicrobials prescribed and indications were summarised using descriptive statistics. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to evaluate practice- and horse-related risk factors. Systemic antimicrobials were prescribed to 12 538 (19.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.2%-19.8%) of 64 322 equids attended in 2018. Category B antimicrobials were prescribed to 1.9% (95% CI: 1.8%-2.0%) of attended equids and in 8.9% (95% CI: 8.5%-9.4%) of antimicrobial courses. Bacteriological culture was performed in 19.1% (95% CI: 17.1%-21.3%) of Category B antimicrobial courses. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobial classes were potentiated sulphonamides (50.2% of equids receiving antimicrobials) and tetracyclines (33.5% of equids receiving antimicrobials). Integumentary disorders were the most common reason for systemic AMU (40.5% of courses). Urogenital disorders were the most common reason for Category B AMU (31.1% of courses). Increased odds of systemic and Category B AMU were observed in equids <1year compared with those aged 5-14 years. Breed was associated with AMU, with odds of systemic and Category B AMU highest in Thoroughbreds and Thoroughbred crosses. Convenience sample of practices may limit generalisability. Empirical use of Category B antimicrobials remains commonplace.

Personality functioning and physical health

Objectives: Considering direct and indirect evidence of associations between deficits in personality functioning and high somatic morbidity, our exploratory study determined whether and, if so, which physical illnesses may be associated with impairments in personality functioning. Method: A large sample of diagnostically heterogeneous psychotherapy inpatients (N = 5401) was assessed with the short version of the Structural Questionnaire of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-SQS) and the Work Ability Index (WAI). In addition, discharge diagnoses were recorded. For a subsample (N = 2582), levels of personality functioning were assessed by their therapists according to the OPD system. Results: While consistent associations were found between personality functioning and neurological, urogenital, dermatological, and musculoskeletal disorders, findings on possible associations with other disorders revealed inconsistencies. The number of diseases as surrogate marker for disease burden was significantly associated with several indicators of personality functioning. Conclusions: Our results suggest associations between impairments in personality functioning and poor physical health. We discuss potential mechanisms as well as clinical implications.

IgG4-related diseases of retroperitoneum in urinary and male reproductive system: a clinicopathological analysis of eleven cases

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features of IgG4-related diseases (RD) of retroperitoneum and the urinary and male reproductive system (IgG4-RUMR). Methods: A total of 11 IgG4-RUMR cases from January 2013 to March 2021 were retrospectively collected at Peking University Third Hospital and Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. The clinicopathologic features, laboratory and imaging findings were analyzed and scored according to the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for IgG4-RD. Results: The 11 patients (male:female is 9∶2; mean age 59 years, range from 44 to 83 years) were initially admitted to the Deparment of Urology/Kidney Transplantation (10 cases) and the Department of Oncology (1 case). All patients had urogenital disorders or imaging abnormalities. Three of the 11 patients had a history of IgG4-RD such as lacrimal gland engorgement, salivary gland engorgement and IgG4-associated pancreatitis. Abnormal retroperitoneal soft tissue and hydronephrosis were found in eight cases, while epididymal and spermatic cord masses were found in one case, simple renal mass in one case, and"benign prostatic hyperplasia"in one case. In the 10 patients tested for serum IgG4, the serum IgG4 level was 0.8-14.4 g/L. Histologically, all cases showed significant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and storiform fibrosis, and some were accompanied by obliterative phlebitis. The number of IgG4 positive plasma cells was 12-155 per high-power field, and the IgG4/IgG ratio was 15%-77%. According to the 2019 ACR/EULAR IgG4-RD classification standard 11 cases scored 20-48 points, all of which met the diagnostic criteria of IgG4-RUMR. Therapeutically, the patient with a simple renal mass underwent partial nephrectomy. The patient with prostate lesion underwent transurethral resection of prostate and was initially diagnosed as nonspecific chronic prostatitis. Later, the patient was admitted again because of salivary gland swelling, and the pathologic diagnosis was amended. The patient with epididymal and spermatic cord masses participated in a clinical trial about retroperitoneal fibrosis. The remaining eight patients received symptomatic treatment such as adhesiolysis and stent placement. All the patients were subsequently treated with glucocorticoid/immunosuppressant and symptoms relieved. Conclusions: IgG4-RUMR is uncommon. In clinical practice, information from clinical, serologic, radiologic and pathologic evaluations must be integrated. IgG4-RUMR should be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary and male reproductive diseases. The 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for IgG4-RD, while relatively complex, are objective and practical in the diagnosis of IgG4-RUMR.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in Pregnant Women admitted to Hospital, Pakistan

In both high- and low-income nations, preterm pre-labou membrane rupture is a significant contributor to perinatal, neonatal, and maternal illness and mortality. Premature membrane rupture puts a woman at risk for postpartum haemorrhage, intraamniotic infection, and even death. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membranes and its related factors among pregnant women admitted to health institutions because little is known about the issue in the study region. A total of 300 participants participated in this research among which 100 had preterm PROM, 100 had PROM, and 100 had preterm deliveries. The ages of the participants ranged from 18-40 years with a mean age of 25.12 ± 4.43 years. Among 300 participants, 9.33, 17.33, 21, 24.33, and 28% were 18-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, and 40 years of age, respectively. Among the total, 19 (6.33%), 271 (90.33%) and 10 (3.33%) were divorced, married and widowed, respectively. Among a total, 44, 40.33, and 15.66% of the participants were multigravida, primigravida, and grand-multigravida, respectively. The majority (87%) of mothers had ANC follow-up in their current pregnancy. In the large population, 255 (85%) had labor pain while 171 (578%) of mothers showed vaginal bleeding in the current pregnancy and 167 (55.67%) of mothers had cephalic presentation. 88.33% of pregnant women had no history of PROM. 97 (32.33%) of mothers had urinary tract infection in pregnancy, 32 (10.66%) had anaemia, and 41 (13.67%) had an abnormal vaginal discharge. The pregnant mothers had not used any cocaine, and cigarettes. Different risk factors associated with PPROM such as current urinary tract infection, gravidity, history of previous PPROM, preeclampsia, economic status, and anaemia were recorded. The major risk factors are use of smoking, chat, and cocaine. To lower the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes, early detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and atypical vaginal discharges were advised. Keywords: Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes; fetal outcome; Female urogenital disorders; maternal age; Pakistan

A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mimosa pudica (Linn.)

In the current investigation, made endeavours to audit on a pharmacological movement of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) having a grade with family mimisace. Mimosa pudica (Linn.) is a swarming yearly or enduring herb. It has been documented as lajjalu in Ayurveda. It is called the delicate Plant, humble Plant, disgrace plant, resting grass, contactmenot, namaskari in Sanskrit, chuimui, lajwanti, snoozing grass, unstable Plant, humble Plant, hesitant Plant, get in touch with me not, and various names. The whole Plant of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) is beneficial for different pharmacological and natural exercises. For the most part, roots and leaves of Mimosa pudica (Linn.) are demonstrated the most excellent pharmacological action as hostile to the diabetic, counteragent, antihepatotoxic, cancer prevention agent, and wound recuperating movement, diuretic, anticancer, anticonvulsant. The herb has been used traditionally for ages to treat urogenital disorders, piles, dysentery, sinus, and applied on wounds. This work explores and compiles the different pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the action plant M. pudica reported to date.

Inhibitory effects of Hydrocotyle ramiflora on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a urogenital disorder that affects approximately 85% of males who are over 50years of age. Hydrocotyle ramiflora (HR), belonging to Apiaceae family, is used to treat urinary system diseases such as urine retention in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HR in the BPH animal model. We induced BPH in rats via subcutaneous (sc) injections of testosterone propionate (TP, 3mg/kg). Rats were also administered HR (150mg/kg), finasteride (10mg/kg), or vehicle via oral gavage. After induction, prostate glands were collected, weighed, and processed for further analysis, including histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in prostatic tissues was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of pro-apoptotic markers was examined using western blotting. HR treatment significantly reduced the prostate weight, epithelial thickness, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, with the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein considerably increased compared to BPH group. HR also decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared with BPH group. Furthermore, the expression of phosphor-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were reduced by HR treatment. These results indicate that HR suppresses the development of BPH associated with anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting it is a potential alternative therapeutic agent for BPH.

Phytochemicals and Nano-Phytopharmaceuticals Use in Skin, Urogenital and Locomotor Disorders: Are We There?

Nanomedicines emerged from nanotechnology and have been introduced to bring advancements in treating multiple diseases. Nano-phytomedicines are synthesized from active phytoconstituents or plant extracts. Advancements in nanotechnology also help in the diagnosis, monitoring, control, and prevention of various diseases. The field of nanomedicine and the improvements of nanoparticles has been of keen interest in multiple industries, including pharmaceutics, diagnostics, electronics, communications, and cosmetics. In herbal medicines, these nanoparticles have several attractive properties that have brought them to the forefront in searching for novel drug delivery systems by enhancing efficacy, bioavailability, and target specificity. The current review investigated various therapeutic applications of different nano-phytopharmaceuticals in locomotor, dermal, reproductive, and urinary tract disorders to enhance bioavailability and efficacy of phytochemicals and herbal extracts in preclinical and in vitro studies. There is a lack of clinical and extensive preclinical studies. The research in this field is expanding but strong evidence on the efficacy of these nano-phytopharmaceuticals for human use is still limited. The long-term efficacy and safety of nano-phytopharmaceuticals must be ensured with priority before these materials emerge as common human therapeutics. Overall, this review provides up-to-date information on related contemporary research on nano-phytopharmaceuticals and nano-extracts in the fields of dermatological, urogenital, and locomotor disorders.

The Multispecialty Toxin: A Literature Review of Botulinum Toxin.

Background:Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a potent biological exotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum. Although it was first used therapeutically to treat strabismus, its clinical role has since expanded rapidly over the years to include treatment of a variety of head and neck, gastrointestinal, urogenital, musculoskeletal, neurological, dermatological, and cosmetic disorders. The main purpose of this review is to provide a brief updated overview of the history, mechanism of action, and clinical applications of BoNT therapy across multiple medical specialties, including the most common adverse effects and recommended Botox dosages.Methods:A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database limited to English language articles. Specific search terms related to botulinum toxin in combination with various subspecialty fields were used, and relevant articles were identified and analyzed. The reference section for each article was also searched to find additional articles.Results:BoNT is a powerful therapeutic tool and has a vast array of clinical uses in many specialties, including ophthalmology, neurology, plastic surgery, dermatology, orthopedic, gastrointestinal, gynecology, urology, and rheumatology. Due to its chemodenervation effects at the presynaptic nerve terminal, it is useful in treatments of disorders characterized by abnormal inappropriate muscle contractions.Conclusions:BoNT has many clinical applications in several medical specialties. Future studies should focus on any additional indications of BoNT therapy as they arise and on any novel product developments.

Circle-Seq reveals genomic and disease-specific hallmarks in urinary cell-free extrachromosomal circular DNAs.

BackgroundExtrachromosomal circular deoxyribonucleic acid (eccDNA) is evolving as a valuable biomarker, while little is known about its presence in urine.MethodsHere, we report the discovery and analysis of urinary cell‐free eccDNAs (ucf‐eccDNAs) in healthy controls and patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) by Circle‐Seq.ResultsMillions of unique ucf‐eccDNAs were identified and comprehensively characterised. The ucf‐eccDNAs are GC‐rich. Most ucf‐eccDNAs are less than 1000 bp and are enriched in four pronounced peaks at 207, 358, 553 and 732 bp. Analysis of the genomic distribution of ucf‐eccDNAs shows that eccDNAs are found on all chromosomes but enriched on chromosomes 17, 19 and 20 with a high density of protein‐coding genes, CpG islands, short interspersed transposable elements (SINEs) and simple repeat elements. Analysis of eccDNA junction sequences further suggests that microhomology and palindromic repeats might be involved in eccDNA formation. The ucf‐eccDNAs in CKD patients are significantly higher than those in healthy controls. Moreover, eccDNA with miRNA genes is highly enriched in CKD ucf‐eccDNA.ConclusionsThis work discovers and provides the first deep characterisation of ucf‐eccDNAs and suggests ucf‐eccDNA as a valuable noninnvasive biomarker for urogenital disorder diagnosis and monitoring.

Assessment of quality of life after hysterectomy with opportunistіс salpingeсtomy with uterine myoma by vaginal and abdominal access

The aim of the research – to identify violations of quality of life after hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy, considering different approaches to surgery.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Quality of life assessments of hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy for uterine fibroids were performed in 160 women of reproductive age, who were divided into two groups: I – 90 patients with vaginal access, and II – 70 patients with abdominal access. The control group included 50 women with asymptomatic fibroids of reproductive age. The diagnostic algorithm included a physical examination, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, assessment of urogenital dysfunction questionnaire using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire; to identify signs of vegetative changes in Wayne, to assess general fatigue, physical and mental fatigue MFI-20 was performed using a standardized POP-Q system.&#x0D; Results. The leading violations of quality-of-life parameters are general somatic symptoms 107 (66.9±6.0 %), psycho-emotional disorders 89 (55.6±6.7 %), genitourinary and sexual disorders 39 (24.4±3.0 %). Among the most common somatic ones – complaints of headaches, edema and fluctuations in blood pressure. The dominance of asthenic, anxiety and depressive disorders among psycho-emotional disorders has been established. The diagnosis of “organic asthenic disorder” was established in 47 (52.2±9.7 %) and 39 (55.7±7.3 %), respectively, in the groups of examined patients. Vaginal hysterectomy causes more increase in the proportion of urogenital disorders 25 27.7±8.3 %) compared to control – 7 (14.0±4.8 %) (p&lt;0.05). An ultrasound examination showed a 2.25-fold increase in ovarian volume one month after the hysterectomy, and a reduction in ovarian tissue volume in both study groups 2 years after surgery.&#x0D; Conclusions. Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy affects the parameters of quality of life. The leading violations of quality-of-life parameters are general somatic symptoms, psycho-emotional disorders without statistically significant difference in groups, but the indicators are better in group I. The minimal effect on ovarian function and size was determined – 2 years after surgery, there was a decrease in ovarian tissue volume in both study groups, but statistically significant – in the second group (3.12±0.7 cm3, p&lt;0.05) against the data control (5.82±1.7 cm3). Although the results showed a more frequent manifestation of pelvic floor descent in vaginal access, quality of life parameters were higher in these patients. Given its safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness, it is advisable to choose it as a method of choice

Current Use of Equine Laparoscopy in Urogenital Disorders: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2000 to 2021.

(1) Background: Laparoscopic surgery replaced traditional invasive techniques for the treatment of common urogenital disorders in equids. The aim of this review is to evaluate applications and the development of urogenital laparoscopy from 2001 to 2021. (2) Methods: A scoping review of literature was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews on three databases (NCBI-PubMed, Web of Science-Thompson Reuters, and SciVerse Scopus). (3) Results: A total of 452 papers were identified. After duplicate removal and title screening, 181 papers underwent abstract screening. Of these, 160 + 10 papers (cited by others) were assessed for eligibility according to the PICOs. A total of 132 papers were considered eligible. Most of the research was focused on ovaries and testes, followed by urinary bladder and general articles about laparoscopy in horses. We identified 43 original studies (33%, RCT, NoRCT, and experimental trials), 39 case series/retrospective studies (29%), 37 case reports (28%), and 13 reviews (10%, narrative or systematic). (4) Conclusions: Gonadal disorders were the most investigated. Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (HALS) and laparoscopic-assisted surgery represent valuable options for more challenging conditions (uterine and urinary bladder disorders).

Investigating the Effect of Crocus sativus (Saffron) Petal Hydro-alcoholic Extract on Ovarian Follicle, Inflammatory Markers, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Mice Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background:Saffron petals have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases, such as gynecological diseases, primary dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a kind of gynecological disease that causes infertility, menopausal and urogenital disorders and saffron petals seem to be an efficient treatment for such disorders.Methods:NMRI mice (total=60, each group n=12) were divided into control, PCOS, and the treatment groups. PCOS and treatment groups were injected with testosterone enanthate (TE=1 mg/kg). After 4 weeks, the treatment group was treated with Saffron Petal Extract (SPE) for 14 days. Ovary and blood samples were collected for histological and serological analyses, and expression of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, and IκB genes was analyzed. Finally, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05).Results:In this study, the number of corpus luteum decreased in PCOS mice (p<0.001) but increased with SPE treatment (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). The number of cystic follicles increased in PCOS mice (p<0.001), but decreased with SPE treatment (p<0.05, p<0.001). TNFα, IL1ß, IL6, IL18, and CRP levels increased in PCOS mice (p<0.001), but decreased following SPE treatment (p<0.05, p<0.001). Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) serum levels decreased in PCOS mice (p<0.001), but increased with SPE treatment (p<0.05, p<0.001). The transcriptional level (s) of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, IκB genes changed in PCOS condition (p<0.001), and were regulated by SPE treatment (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001).Conclusion:The present study shows that SPE improved the PCOS symptoms in mice via increasing antioxidant factors and reducing inflammatory markers in serum.

Some Surgical Studies on Urogenital Disorders in Cats: Diagnosis and Treatment

Some Surgical Studies on Urogenital Disorders in Cats: Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnostic value of multidetector computed tomography for detection of complication after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Background Urolithiasis represents one of the most common urogenital disorders. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has changed the management of urolithiasis. ESWL has many complications, including cardiac dysrhythmia, bacteriuria, bleeding, steinstrasse, renal colic, and urosepsis. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows reliable detection and quantification of post-ESWL complications. Aims The aim of this work was to evaluate post-ESWL sequel by CT and to rule out complications. Patients and methods In total, 30 patients with renal stones received treatment with ESWL. Patients came after undergoing ESWL procedure and suffering from clinical complaints to the Department of Diagnostic Radiology in Tanta University Hospital examination center. Results All patients included in our study were evaluated by MDCT to detect complications after ESWL. We found that 10 cases had multiple stone fragments along the course of the ureter that was called steinstrasse. Urinary-tract infections in six (20%) cases. Two cases had signs of inflammation with steinstrasse. Six cases had renal hematoma. We found a significant value. No significant value between the incidence of complications and systolic blood pressure and also diastolic blood pressure. We found significant differences between the incidence of complications and high fasting blood sugar, especially urinary-tract infection. MDCT-diagnosed pyelonephritis has high white blood cell count in urine more than 100. Red blood cell significantly increased in urine analysis of cases with renal hematoma and pyelonephritis. Conclusion MDCT is considered the most accurate noninvasive imaging tool not only for diagnosis of urinary-tract stone but also detection of complications after ESWL.