Urinary Microbiota Research Articles

Urine microbiota differ in bladder cancer.

Urine microbiota differ in bladder cancer.

Urine and fecal microbiota in a canine model of bladder cancer and comparison of canine and human urine microbiota

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the tenth most diagnosed cancer in humans worldwide. Dogs are a robust model for invasive UC as tumor development and progression is similar in humans and dogs. Recent studies in humans have revealed alterations in urine microbiota in individuals with UC; however, microbial alterations in dogs with UC have not been evaluated. The objective of this pilot study was to compare the urine and fecal microbiota of dogs with UC and matched healthy controls. DNA was extracted from urine and fecal samples followed by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyses using QIIME2 and R. Dogs with UC had significantly decreased microbial diversity (Kruskal–Wallis; Shannon, p = 0.048) and altered microbial composition (PERMANOVA: Unweighted UniFrac, p = 0.011) in urine, but not fecal samples. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium was also increased, although not significantly, in urine and fecal samples of dogs with UC. A comparison of canine and human urine microbiota further revealed similarities in dominant microbial taxa across both host species. This study supports the value of dogs as a model for studies on bladder cancer and urine microbiota, and it provides a foundation for future work exploring host-microbe dynamics in UC carcinogenesis, prognosis, and treatment.

Localization and potential role of prostate microbiota.

We aimed to clarify the presence and localization of the prostate microbiota and examine its association with benign prostate enlargement (BPE). The microbiota of prostate tissues and catheterized urine from 15 patients were analyzed by 16S metagenomic analysis and compared to show that the prostate microbiota was not a contaminant of the urinary microbiota. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and in situ hybridization (ISH) using the specific probe for eubacteria was performed on prostate tissue to show the localization of bacteria in the prostate. The BPE group was defined as prostate volume ≥30 mL, and the non-BPE group as prostate volume <30 mL. The microbiota of the two groups were compared to clarify the association between prostate microbiota and BPE. Faith's phylogenetic diversity index of prostate tissue was significantly higher than that of urine (42.3±3.8 vs 25.5±5.6, P=0.01). Principal coordinate analysis showed a significant difference between the microbiota of prostate tissue and catheterized urine (P<0.01). FISH and ISH showed the presence of bacteria in the prostatic duct. Comparison of prostate microbiota between the BPE and non-BPE groups showed that the Chao1 index of the BPE group was significantly lower than that of the latter [142 (50-316) vs 169 (97-665), P=0.047] and the abundance of Burkholderia was significantly higher in the BPE group than in the latter. We demonstrated that the prostate microbiota was located in the prostatic duct and reduced diversity of prostate microbiota was associated with BPE, suggesting that prostate microbiota plays a role in BPE.

Lactobacillus crispatus M247: Characteristics of a Precision Probiotic Instrument for Gynecological and Urinary Well-Being

The altered patterns of a microbial population colonizing an organ are increasingly recognized as a relevant item in human disease pathogenesis. The female urogenital tract is no exception, as some vaginal microbiota patterns, named community state types (CSTs), and urinary tract microbiota patterns, named urotypes (UTs), have been linked to viral, inflammatory, and gestational diseases. Treating these conditions is an issue, as antibiotic therapies alone are not always effective. Lactobacillus crispatus M247 is a strain with good intestinal and vaginal adhesion capability, combined with local antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties; this strain also has proven nontransferable resistance to antibiotics commonly used in female genital tract infections, such as metronidazole. Lactobacillus crispatus M247 could, therefore, be considered as a potential add-on therapy to antibiotics in vaginal tract infections, with the aim to restore a favorable microbiota pattern.

Bladder cancer is associated with decreased urinary microbiota diversity and alterations in microbial community composition

IntroductionHuman urine microbiota (UM) research has uncovered associations between composition of microbial communities of the lower urinary tract and various disease states including several reports on the putative link between UM and bladder cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to investigate male UM in patients with BC and controls using catheterised urine specimens unlike in previous studies. MethodsUrine samples were obtained in theatre after surgical prepping and draping using aseptic catheterisation. DNA was extracted and hypervariable region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using 515F and 806R primers. Sequencing was performed on Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing data were processed using appropriate software tools. Alpha diversity measures were calculated and compared between groups. Prevalence Interval for Microbiome Evaluation was used to test differences in beta diversity. ResultsA total of 63 samples were included in the analysis. Mean age of study subjects was 65.1 years (SD 12.5). Thirty-four men had bladder cancer and 29 participants were undergoing interventions for benign conditions (benign prostate hyperplasia or upper urinary tract stone disease). BC patients had lower UM richness and diversity than controls (83 vs. 139 operational taxonomic units, P = 0.015; Shannon index: 2.46 vs. 2.94, P = 0.049). There were specific taxa enriched in cancer (Veillonella, Varibaculum, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum) and control groups (Pasteurella, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter), respectively. ConclusionBC patients had lower bladder microbiota richness and diversity than controls. Specific genera were enriched in cancer and control groups, respectively. These results corroborate some of previous reports while contradicting others. Future microbiota research would benefit from parallel transcriptomic/metabolomic analysis.

Unraveling the impact of Lactobacillus spp. and other urinary microorganisms on the efficacy of mirabegron in female patients with overactive bladder.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a disease that seriously affects patients' quality of life and mental health. To address this issue, more and more researchers are examining the relationship between OAB treatment and urinary microecology. In this study, we sought to determine whether differences in treatment efficacy were related to microbiome diversity and composition as well as the abundance of specific genera. Machine learning algorithms were used to construct predictive models for urine microbiota-based treatment of OAB. Urine samples were obtained from 64 adult female OAB patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patients' overactive bladder symptom scores (OABSS) were collected before and after mirabegron treatment and patients were divided into effective and ineffective groups. The relationship between the relative abundance of certain genera and OABSS were analyzed. Three machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF), supporting vector machine (SVM) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were utilized to predict the therapeutic effect of mirabegron based on the relative abundance of certain genera in OAB patients' urine microbiome. The species composition of the two groups differed. For one, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly higher in the effective group than in the ineffective group. In addition, the relative abundance of Gardnerella and Prevotella in the effective group was significantly lower than in the ineffective group. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity differed significantly between the two groups. LEfSe analysis revealed that Lactobacillus abundance increased while Prevotella and Gardnerella abundance decreased in the effective group. The Lactobacillus abundance ROC curve had high predictive accuracy. The OABSS after treatment was negatively correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillus, whereas the relationship between OABSS and Prevotella and Gardnerella showed the opposite trend. In addition, RF, SVM and XGBoost models demonstrated high predictive ability to assess the effect of mirabegron in OAB patients in the test cohort. The results of this study indicate that urinary microbiota might influence the efficacy of mirabegron, and that Lactobacillus might be a potential marker for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of mirabegron in OAB patients.

Plasmids of the urinary microbiota.

Studies of the last decade have identified a phylogenetically diverse community of bacteria within the urinary tract of individuals with and without urinary symptoms. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and phages, within this niche have only recently begun to be explored. These MGEs can expand metabolic capacity and increase virulence, as well as confer antibiotic resistance. As such, they have the potential to contribute to urinary symptoms. While plasmids for some of the bacterial taxa found within the urinary microbiota (urobiome) have been well characterized, many urinary species are under-studied with few genomes sequenced to date. Using a two-pronged bioinformatic approach, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of the plasmid content of urinary isolates representative of 102 species. The bioinformatic tools plasmidSPAdes and Recycler were used in tandem to identify plasmid sequences from raw short-read sequence data followed by manual curation. In total, we identified 603 high-confidence plasmid sequences in 20 different genera of the urobiome. In total, 70 % of these high-confidence plasmids exhibit sequence similarity to plasmid sequences from the gut. This observation is primarily driven by plasmids from E. coli , which is found in both anatomical niches. To confirm our bioinformatic predictions, long-read sequencing was performed for 23 of the E. coli isolates in addition to two E. coli strains that were sequenced as part of a prior study. Overall, 66.95 % of these predictions were confirmed highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of current bioinformatic tools. Future studies of the urobiome, especially concerning under-studied species in the urobiome, should employ long-read sequencing to expand the catalogue of plasmids for this niche.

Microbiome and metabolome analysis to clarify the interaction between the urine microbiota and serum metabolites in Chinese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy

The bacterial and metabolic networks in immunoglobin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common type of primary chronic glomerulonephritis worldwide, have not been extensively studied. To help develop better methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IgAN, we characterized the alterations of the urinary microbiome and serum metabolome in patients with IgAN. We analyzed serum and urine samples from Chinese patients with IgAN and healthy controls (HCs) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Patients with IgAN had a higher relative abundance of Actinomyces and a lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus. The elements of metabolism have been affected, including free amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oligopeptides. We also identified the 9 metabolites that might be the core metabolites, including guanidinoacetic acid, apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)], and diethanolamine, which linked the metabolic networks between the urinary tract (UT) and blood. Other core metabolites, such as homocitrulline, apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)], butyrylcarnitine, formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU), diethanolamine, and prolylhydroxyproline, were positively correlated with urinary mili-total protein (MTP). Conversely, Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with MTP. We verified the connection between the disruption of the microbiota and serum metabolites, along with the clinical parameters, in patients with IgAN, which may help provide a tool for IgAN interventions.

Exploring the Association between Gut and Urine Microbiota and Prostatic Disease including Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer Using 16S rRNA Sequencing.

Numerous microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts affect host health. We investigated stool and voided urine samples collected from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (PC) and a control group to explore the potential relationship between human microbiota and prostatic disease, and aimed to identify correlations and pathogenic taxonomic units. We studied microbial composition using 16S rRNA sequencing to identify operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Extracted genome was amplified and filtered sequences were used to classify OTUs based on their specific taxonomy. No statistically significant differences were observed in stool samples among the groups. However, urine samples indicated different microbiota compositions in different patient populations. The top five microbial genera that showed significant differences between the BPH and control groups were Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Cetobacterium. Faecalibacterium, Staphylococcus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_002, Neisseria, and Agathobacter were the genera with the largest proportion differences when comparing the PC and control groups. We discovered that the urine microbiota composition of the BPH and PC groups was distinct from that of the control group. Due to the impact of microbiota on prostatic disease, it is necessary to identify specific microbes for further research.

Biochemical analysis of microbiotas obtained from healthy, prediabetic, type 2 diabetes, and obese individuals

Abstract Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the intestinal and urinary microbiota diversity of obese, pre-diabetic, diabetic, and healthy subjects together with their food consumption frequency and investigate the effect on glucose metabolism. Methods DNA was isolated from stool and urinary samples of fifteen obese, fifteen prediabetics, fifteen type 2 diabetic, and fifteen lean participants by using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. The amounts of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Firmicutes were measured and food consumption frequency was answered by all participants through a questionnaire. Results The levels of Bifidobacterium in fecal microbiota were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients compared with lean (p=0.034), prediabetic (p=0.009), and obese participants (p=0.012). However, the levels of Bifidobacterium in urinary microbiota were decreased in obese, prediabetic, and type 2 diabetic subjects as controls (p=0.048; p=0.038; p=0.015 respectively). Additionally, Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio decreased in type two diabetic patients compared with lean subjects and had a negative correlation with BMI in prediabetic subjects. Food consumption frequency illustrates that lean subjects have unhealthy eating habits. Conclusions Urinary microbiota could be considered in the future context of a potential biomarker in the progress of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Urinary microbiota and prostatic diseases: the key for the lock? A systematic review.

Urinary microbiota is implicated in many diseases of the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the role of urinary microbiota in prostatic diseases. A PubMed/Medline search was undergone from inception through June 2022 for studies investigating urinary microbiota alterations in prostatic diseases, subdivided into benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa), and chronic prostatitis (CP). Study selection followed the PRISMA statement. Phylum, family, genus and species of each bacterium in cancer patients and controls were recorded. Quality of included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist for non-randomized studies. A total of 16 studies (4 studies on BPH, 9 studies on PCa and 3 studies on CP) comprising 1486 patients were included in our final analysis. Patients with BPH had a different urinary microbial composition, with a certain pattern proven to be associated with a higher lower urinary tract symptoms severity. Regarding PCa, some bacterial phyla/genera/classes/species were more abundant in PCa and others predicted a higher grade disease. In patients with CP, a different microbiota composition and a higher diversity were found, with the symptom severity being influenced mainly by microbiota composition, favoring aerobic microorganisms. Urinary microbiota is implicated in prostatic diseases, especially in BPH, PCa and CP. However, given the relative heterogeneity among published studies, this implication suggests better delineation is needed. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Nephro-protective effect of Daphnetin in hyperoxaluria-induced rat renal injury via alterations of the gut microbiota.

It is well proved that hyperoxaluria induces the renal injury and finally causes the end stage kidney disease. Daphnetin (coumarin derivative) already confirmed renal protective effect in renal model, but hyperoxaluria protective effect still unexplore. The objective of this research was to scrutinize the renal protective effect of daphnetin against ethylene glycol (GC)-induced hyperoxaluria via altering the gut microbiota. GC (1% v/v) was used for the induction of hyperoxaluria in the rats and the rats were received the oral administration of daphnetin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg). The body and renal weight were assessed. Urine, renal, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant, inflammatory parameters, and gut microbiota were appraised. Daphnetin effectually improved the body weight and reduced the renal weight. Its also remarkably boosted the magnesium, calcium, citrate level and suppressed the level of uric acid and oxalate formation. Daphnetin significantly (p < .001) ameliorate the level of urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, serum creatinine (Scr), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and uric acid along with inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Daphnetin considerably repressed the malonaldehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl and improved the level of glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT). Daphnetin treatment considerably altered the microbial composition of different bacteria at phylum, genus and family level. Daphnetin significantly suppressed the Firmicutes relative abundance and boosted the Bacteroidetes relative abundance. Our result clearly indicated that daphnetin remarkably ameliorates the GC induced hyperoxaluria in rats via altering the oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction and gut microbiota. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Nephrotoxicity is a serious health disease worldwide. We induce the renal toxicity in the experimental rats using the ethylene glycol and scrutinized the renal protective effect of daphnetin. Daphnetin considerably suppress the renal, urine parameters. For estimation the underlying mechanism, we estimated the gut microbiota in all group rats. Daphnetin remarkably altered the level of gut microbiota and suggesting the renal protective effect.

The Potential Role of Urinary Microbiome in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Historically, urine in the urinary tract was considered “sterile” based primarily on culture-dependent methods of bacterial detection. Rapidly developing sequencing methods and analytical techniques have detected bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid and live bacteria in urine, improving our ability to understand the urinary tract microbiome. Recently, many studies have revealed evidence of a microbial presence in human urine in the absence of clinical infections. In women, fascinating evidence associates urinary tract microbiota with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, the association between urinary tract microbiota and men with LUTS, particularly those with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), has not been established. In addition, the identification of the proinflammatory cytokines and pathogens responsible for the clinical progression of BPH is still underway. This review article aimed to address microbiome-related evidence for BPH. Further studies are required for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the urogenital microbiome and BPH pathogenesis to facilitate the development of preventive and therapeutic approaches for male LUTS.

Microbiome and urine microbiota: modern concepts and gender features

The review article provides definitions and presents current data on the biological significance of the microbiome and microbiota of urine. The urinary microbiota is less well understood than the intestinal microbiota, but its biological role is complex and multifaceted. To date, its importance in the formation of colonization resistance, which prevents the invasion of uropathogens, is obvious. An analysis of methods for assessing the microbiome and microbiota of urine was carried out. The shortcomings of widely used standard microbiological research methods are shown. The method of 16S rRNA gene sequencing is described in detail. Information about the gender characteristics of the urine microbiota and the results of its study in healthy women and men are given. Further progress in the study of the urobiome is associated with the acquisition of new technologies for genomic research and the development of bioinformatics.

One Size Does Not Fit All: Variability in Urinary Symptoms and Microbial Communities

The discovery of the urinary microbiome prompted researchers to begin characterizing microbiota associated with various health and disease states; however, the etiology of bladder infections, the most common urinary tract infection (UTI), is still simplistically attributed to the invasion of a uropathogen, mainly Escherichia coli, without regard for the resident microbial community. In addition, the clinical variability of UTI symptoms remains poorly understood. Very little research has been done to investigate the role of baseline microbial communities in development and resolution of UTI symptoms. The goal of this study was to identify associations between urinary microbiota and lower urinary tract symptoms profiles in adult women with UTI symptoms. This is a secondary analysis of a previously published IRB-approved study that included 225 women who reported having acute UTI symptoms, submitted catheterized urine specimens for analysis by an enhanced urine culture method and were assessed for symptom resolution 7-10 days after receiving culture-directed antibiotic treatment. In this UTI population, we identified six distinct symptom profiles, termed symptotypes, that were characterized by varying severity and degree of bother of certain lower urinary tract symptoms. These symptotypes were not associated with urotype or the presence of specific microbes. In participants with pain on presentation, the presence of non-E. coli and non-uropathogens was associated with persistence of symptoms at follow up; however, this was not true for those with E. coli urotype. These data suggest that the presence of E. coli may not account for the underlying cause of typical UTI symptoms; instead, co-existence of a uropathogen in the context of the existing urinary microbiota and the host may be responsible for these symptom profiles.

Bladder cancer, inflammageing and microbiomes.

Ageing is correlated with elevated bladder cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. Advanced age is also associated with elevated markers of chronic inflammation and perturbations in gut and urinary tract microbiota. One reason for the increased incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in the elderly might be that age-associated changes in multiple microbiomes induce systemic metabolic changes that contribute to immune dysregulation with potentially tumorigenic effects. The gut and urinary microbiomes could be dysregulated in bladder cancer, although the effect of these changes is poorly understood. Each of these domains - the immune system, gut microbiome and urinary microbiome - might also influence the response of patients with bladder cancer to treatment. Improved understanding of age-related alterations to the immune system and gut and urinary microbiomes could provide possible insight into the risk of bladder cancer development and progression in the elderly. In patients with bladder cancer, improved understanding of microbiota might also provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Analysis of Multi-Cavity (Bladder, Intestinal and Vaginal) Microbiome in Bladder Cancer Patients: Protocol for a Systematic Review

The overall pathogenesis of bladder cancer is still unknown. The microbiota has been shown to play a critical role in the development of different types of cancer. Nevertheless, the role of the microbiota in the development of bladder cancer is still not fully discovered. This review aims to assess the urinary, vaginal, and intestinal microbiota analyzed from the bacterial, viral, and fungal compartments of bladder cancer patients compared with the microbiota of controls to reveal possible differences. A systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines will be performed. The findings will be presented in narrative form as well as in tables and graphs.

Prospective study of biomarkers predictive of radiation-induced bladder toxicity in patients treated with radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: RABBIO (Radiotoxicity Bladder BIOmarkers).

TPS12142 Background: Despite improvements in irradiation techniques, pelvic radiotherapy is responsible for acute and late adverse events in the bladder, defined as radiation cystitis (CysR). The early symptoms of bladder lesions secondary to pelvic irradiation are likely to occur during treatment or after radiotherapy in approximately 50% of irradiated patients. Acute radiation-related injuries are the first step of the fibrosis process. Fibrosis causes loss of bladder function and has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patients.The pathophysiology of CysR is not well understood, in particular because of the risks of complications caused by accessing the bladder tissue after irradiation, thereby limiting our ability to investigate this process and develop treatments. The main objective of our study is to assess the correlation of biologic biomarkers with the intensity of acute CysR and the quality of life of patients, evaluated with the digital telemonitoring platform Cureety. Methods: Patients with intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer and eligible for localized radiotherapy will be included. Inflammatory biomarkers will be analyzed on urine and blood samples before the initiation of radiotherapy, at week 4, 12 and 48 of irradiation, by quantitative methods such as the Multiplex Luminex assay, cytometry in flow and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. We will also characterize the gut and urinary microbiota in stool and urine samples using 16S rRNA sequencing technology. This is in order to assess the impact of the fecal and urinary microbiota in acute CysR. Between sample collection visits, patients will answer various questionnaires relating to the symptoms of radiation cystitis (IPSS), adverse events and quality of life (FACT-P), using the digital telemonitoring platform Cureety. Upon receipt of the questionnaires, an artificial intelligence algorithm will process the information and classify the patients according to the severity of symptoms and adverse reactions reported in accordance with CTCAE / IPSS. This will ultimately allow us to correlate urinary, blood and fecal biomarker levels with the severity of acute CysR symptoms and the quality of life reported by the patients. Conclusion: This prospective study is the first to explore the overexpression of inflammatory proteins in fluid biopsies from patients with symptoms of acute CysR. In addition, the 1-year post-treatment follow-up will allow us to predict which patients are at risk for late CysR and to stratify these patients towards radioprotective treatment. The results of this study will allow us to develop strategies to limit radiation damage to the bladder and improve the quality of life of patients. Clinical trial information: 2021A0319635.

Differential Urinary Microbiota Composition Between Women With and Without Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.

BackgroundRecurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is common and burdensome in women. Due to the low concentration or slow-growing of uropathogens in RUTI, standard urine cultures (SUCs) are often negative. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bacterial 16S rRNA gene is more sensitive and could be used to reveal the differential microbiota between patients with RUTI and asymptomatic controls.MethodsWomen (aged ≥ 18 years) with clinically diagnosed RUTI with negative SUC and age-matched women asymptomatic controls with normal urinalysis were enrolled. Their midstream voided urine specimens were collected and processed for NGS (Illumina MiSeq) targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. The dataset was clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using QIIME. Taxonomic analysis, alpha diversity, beta diversity, multivariate statistical analysis, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) for differential analysis were performed and compared between patients with RUTI and asymptomatic controls.ResultsA total of 90 patients with RUTI and 62 asymptomatic controls were enrolled in this study. Among them, 74.4% (67/90) and 71.0% (44/62) were successfully amplified and sequenced their bacterial 16S rRNA gene. In the alpha diversity analysis, the chao1 index and observed species index were significantly lower in the RUTI group than in the control group (P = 0.015 and 0.028, respectively). In the beta diversity analysis, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups [Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), R = 0.209, P = 0.001]. The relative abundance of 36 bacterial taxa was significantly higher, and another 24 kinds of bacteria were significantly lower in the RUTI group compared with the control group [LEfSe analysis, P < 0.05, linear discriminative analysis (LDA) score > 3], suggesting that Ralstonia, Prevotella, Dialister, and Corynebacterium may play an important role in RUTI.ConclusionThe urinary microbiota of women with clinically diagnosed RUTI were significantly different from age-matched asymptomatic controls.

PD31-04 LOWER URINARY TRACT MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH URETHRAL FIBROSIS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD31-04 LOWER URINARY TRACT MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH URETHRAL FIBROSIS Michael Witthaus, Valmik Bhargava, Jill Buckley, and Mahadevan Rajasekaran Michael WitthausMichael Witthaus More articles by this author , Valmik BhargavaValmik Bhargava More articles by this author , Jill BuckleyJill Buckley More articles by this author , and Mahadevan RajasekaranMahadevan Rajasekaran More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002582.04AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Cellular mechanisms of stricture progression after repeated transurethral interventions (TUI) are unclear. We hypothesize urethral injury and mechanical stretch can cause tears on the urethral epithelial cell lining leading to leaking epithelium and urine extravasation (Fig A). Urinary microbiota traverses the epithelial lining and fibrogenesis can be mediated by inflammation due to microbial metabolites. Our objective is to characterize the urinary microbiome of patients with urethral stricture disease (USD) using 16S rRNA taxonomic profiling to elucidate the clinical relevance of the urinary microbiome in USD progression. METHODS: First catch urine samples from USD patients and healthy volunteers were collected and frozen to −80°C. Prior to analysis, samples were thawed at 2-8°C and centrifuged at 4°C for 15 mins to form a pellet. The pellet was then used for bacterial genomic DNA extraction using the PowerMag Soil DNA Isolation Kit. PCR amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was performed. Illumina sequencing adapters and unique dual-index barcodes were added by PCR. Samples were then pooled and sequenced with paired-end 150 base pair reads (PE150) on an Illumina MiSeq Instrument. Data was analyzed using Qiime, which was used to determine alpha and beta diversity metrics per sample and to determine which microbes were presented differentially between the two cohorts. RESULTS: Our results are summarized in Fig B-D. Visualizing the specific microbes using a relative abundance bar plot (Fig B), the microbiome of healthy urine was more diverse than patients with USD. A divergence between the two groups supported distinct microbiomes, and a significant difference between patients with USD and controls was observed with beta diversity analysis (Fig C, D). The findings were indicative of the overall composition of microbial communities in each patient population. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a potential role for urinary microbiota alterations in developing an inflammatory environment and consequent fibrosis progression in USD. Future studies will determine specific urinary microbes between the two cohorts and their relevance to USD. Further potential for targeting specific microbes using next-generation probiotics to correct the urinary microbiota dysbiosis may be beneficial in preventing stricture progression. Source of Funding: UCSD Academic Senate © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e542 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Michael Witthaus More articles by this author Valmik Bhargava More articles by this author Jill Buckley More articles by this author Mahadevan Rajasekaran More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...