Urine Collector Research Articles

Evaluación del recolector de orina en la toma de muestra de líquido seminal y tinción diferencial de fluorescencia en espermatozoides

Objective: To verify that urine collectors are not toxic to sperm. Methods: The toxicity of glass (control) and plastic (urine collector) containers with semen samples of good concentration and sperm motility was evaluated by studying sperm motility at intervals of 1 hour, at room temperature, for 4 hours, following guidelines of the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Manual for the processing of semen samples. The progressive motility between both types of containers (glass and plastic) was compared and the morphotintorial characteristics of the spermatozoa were evaluated with the modified fluorescence differential stain. Results: No statistically significant differences (p = 0.334) were found between the groups. Spermatozoa that emitted a green fluorescence were categorized as normal and presented a strong correlation (r = 1,000; p = 0.000); Whereas, yellow (r = -0.838, p = 0.009) and orange (r = 0.940, p = 0.000) stains were highly correlated with sperm abnormalities, highlighting that orange fluorescence had a high correlation (r = 0.940, p = 0.000) with head abnormalities. Conclusion: The plastic collector has no toxic effects on sperm, it satisfies the needs of collection of the semen sample. With modified fluorescence differential staining, green staining is associated with morphologically normal spermatozoa and yellow and orange stains are associated with abnormalities of the head, middle piece, and main piece of sperm.

Comparative Evaluation of Usability Between Men’s Wearable Urine Collector and Incontinence Underwear

남성 요실금의 유병률은 나이에 따라 증가하는 양상을 보이며, 최근 보고에 의하면 40세 이상 남성 의 17.3% 가 요실금 증상을 가지고 있다. 노인 와상 환자 및 선천적 혹은 사고로 인한 중증 요실금 환자들의 경우, 요도카테타, 콘돔 카테타, 착용형 소변 수집기, 요실금용 팬티 등을 요실금 관리를 위하여 사용한다. 본 연구는 최근남성 활동형 요실금 환자를 위해서 개발된 착용형 소변 수집기와 남성 요실금용 팬티의 사용적합성을 비교 평가하여 남성 요실금 환자들에게 배뇨용품 선택의 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 소변 수집기는 실리콘으로 제작되어 팬티에 고정되며 수집된 소변은 소변 튜브를 통하여 소변백에 저장되는 형태이다. 남성 요실금 팬티는 일회용 팬티에 소변 흡수 패드가 박음질된 형태이다. 요실금 제품을 바지 속에 착용하고 찍은 사진을 비교하였을 때 두 제품 간에는 미관상의 큰 차이는 없었다. 배뇨용품을 착용한 상태에서 소변이 배출되기 전의 불편감의 정도는 서있을 때와 걷는 상태에서는 소변 수집기의 경우가 더 크며, 앉은 상태에서는 요실금용 팬티의 불편감이 더 컷다. 소변 배출 후의 불편감은 앉은 상태에서는 소변 수집기가 더 컷으며, 걷는 상태에서는 소변 수집기의 불편감이 더 컸다. 소변 수집기의 경우, 소변이 배출되는 과정에서 약간의 누출이발생하나 외부로 표시날 정도는 아니었다. 경제성 평가에서, 소변 수집기는 요실금 패드보다 훨씬 비용이 저렴한것으로 계산되었다. 본 연구는 5명의 대학생이 참여한 시범 연구이었으며, 착용형 소변 수집기와 일회용 요실금 팬티 사용의 장단점을 잘 보여주고 있어 남성 요실금 환자들의 배뇨용품 선택에 유용한 정보를 제공해 준다The prevalence of male incontinence increases with age, and it is reported that 17.3 % of men over 40 have urinary incontinence symptoms. In the case of elderly bed-ridden patients and the patients with severe congenital or accidental incontinence, urinary catheters, condom catheters, wearable urine collectors, and incontinence underwears are used for incontinence management. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the selection of incontinence products to male patients by comparing and evaluating the usability of a wearable urine collector and male incontinence underwear developed for male active incontinence patients. The urine collector is made of silicone and is attached to a specially designed underwear, and the collected urine is stored in a urine bag through a urine tube. Men's incontinence underwear is a disposable one with a urine absorbent pad sewn inside the underwear. When the degree of protrusion to the outside was compared through the photos taken, there was no significant difference in aesthetics between the two products. The degree of discomfort before the urine discharge was greater with the urine collector in standing and walking states, and it was greater with the incontinence underwear in the sitting state. The degree of discomfort after urination was greater with the urine collector in the walking state, and it was greater with the incontinence underwear in the sitting state. In the case of the urine collector, some leakage occurred during the discharge of urine, but it was not visible from the outside. In economic evaluation, the use of urine collector was calculated to be significantly less costlythan the incontinence underwear. This study was a pilot study in which 5 college students participated, and showed the merits and demerits of using the wearable urine collector or the disposable incontinence underwear, and thus providing significant information in selecting proper incontinent product for male incontinence patients.

Novel NoMix toilet concept for efficient separation of urine and feces and its design optimization using computational fluid mechanics

Separation of urine from feces in NoMix toilets bears a large potential for mitigating problems associated with the efficient reuse of excreta. A challenge lies in the design of these toilets that should maximize the amount of collected urine while at the same time minimizing its mixing with flush water that partly spills into the urine collector. We present a novel design idea that takes advantage of the so-called tea pot effect, which describes the attachment of liquids to a curved wall due to surface tension. This effect is used to efficiently guide the urine along a curved entrance into the collector. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the two phase (water/urine - air) system are carried out on different toilet geometries where we vary the inflow to the urine collector. In particular, we investigate two different radial curvatures and two V-profile grooves whose combinations result in four toilet geometries that are tested. We demonstrate that the urine collection can be dramatically improved by tailoring curvature radius and V-profile grooves, while keeping the amount of flush water in the urine collector at a minimum. A reduction to less than 2.5% of flush water entering the urine collector could be achieved by implementing a curvature radius of 15 mm and a V-profile groove width of 60 mm. The improved geometry's performance makes it an appealing candidate for broad application both in western and developing countries and we anticipate that this technology might replace traditional toilet designs in the future.

Home Use Medical Devices

More than 7 million people in the United States each year receive healthcare in the home setting from a wide variety of devices, from relatively simple devices such as urine collector bags to complex infusion pumps. As more patients require the use of home use medical devices, the devices being used in the home are also increasing in complexity, creating a greater opportunity for adverse events. In addition, the uncontrolled, often unsupervised environment of home use medical devices comes with its own safety considerations. Clinical engineers and healthcare technology managers play an important role in identifying problems with home use medical devices, particularly when patients bring their devices from the home to the hospital with them that can be reported to the device manufacturer and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Detecting and reporting these problems will allow the hospital, FDA, and device manufacturer to work together to address device problems. The following analysis of MedSun reports involving home healthcare devices determines the most common home use medical devices that are reported on, as well as the most common types of failure modes for these devices and implications of such failures. When these failures are assessed and reported to the FDA, the FDA can work with the clinical community and device manufacturers to promote the safety and effectiveness of home use medical devices and the patients they serve.

Urinalysis as a diagnostic tool for febrile urinary tract infection in children aged 2 months - 2 years

Background Children aged 2 months to 2 years with febrileurinary tract infection (UTI) need special attention consideringkidney complications, unspecified symptoms, and difficult urinesample collection. Urinalysis was the main supportive examinationfor UTI because of its immediate result and widespreadavailability.Objective To estimate urine nitrite, leukocyte esterase (LE),leucocyturia, bacteriuria, and their combinations as a diagnostictool for febrile UTI in children aged 2 months to 2 years.Methods This is a diagnostic study held in Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Tangerang General Hospital, Fatmawati Hospital, andBudhi Asih Hospital, involving 7 5 children aged 2 months to 2years. Urine samples for urinalysis and urine culture were collectedusing urine collector in all subjects. Clinical pathologists whoperformed urine culture, did not know the results of urinalysis.Results By parallel test analyses, we found that the best diagnosticvalue was the combination of 3 tests (LE, leucocyturia, andbacteriuria). This combination test showed sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV),positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio(LR-) of 69%, 95%, 85%, 88%, 13.1, and 0.3.Conclusion The combination test of LE, leucocyturia, andbacteriuria shows high specificity, NPV, and LR+ . Therefore, thenegative results of these 3 tests in combination can be used to ruleout UTI.

Clinical effects of improved urine specimen collection for female infants

Objective To explore the clinical effects of improved urine specimen collection for baby girl.Methods Totals of 82 female infant were recruited and used improved method and traditional method to collect urine,Put the asepsis tampon into the the opening of the collector when collected the urine specimen in improved method group,while the collector was directly used to collected the urine specimen.Then,the average number of collector,total times of collectors polluted by ease nature,average time of specimen collection,and the assay in two groups were observed and compared.Results The average number of collectors,total times of collectors polluted by ease nature,average time of specimen collection of improved method group respectively were(2.43 ±0.18),(24.02 ±8.43)and (2.32 ±0.16) hours,and that of the traditional method group were ( 6.78 ± 0.87 ),(78.01 ± 11.32 ) and (6.69 ± 0.35 ) hours,and the differences were statistically significant ( t =44.84,34.65,103.53,respectively;P ＜ 0.01 ),while there was no difference in the lab tests such as pH,blood and epithelial cell counts and the specific gravity of urine(P ＞ 0.05),Conclusions Improved urine sample collection method for female infant can significantly improve the success rate of urine specimen collection,reduce the average number of collectors and the time and have no influence on the assay,which can be popularized in clinic. Key words: Urine specimen; Urine collector; Female infant; Assay result

An apparatus for the longterm collection of urine free from faecal and food contamination.

Abstract An apparatus for the long-term collection of urine free from faecal and food contamination has been constructed using a galvanised wire cage suspended above a smooth glass plate inclined at an angle such that food and faeces are deflected from the urine collector.

A method for urine collection in infants.

A simple, inexpensive, non-invasive method for urine collection was used in 28 consecutive infants for periods of 48 hours (n = 10) and 72 hours (n = 18). The incidence of urine collector detachment was low on the first and second days (< 4%) and increased significantly on the third day (28%). Volume of urine leaked was < 4% of the total volume collected daily. This method is applicable to both sexes and is reliable for up to 48 hours.

IS “CLEAN CATCH” URINE COLLECTION NECESSARY? A COMPARISON OF A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF COLLECTION AND TRADITIONAL CLEAN CATCH METHODS

Two methods of urine collection were studied in 109 children (45 boys, 65 girls, mean age 13.4 ± 4.7 years) who were toilet trained, not bedridden, and had no urological problems. On day 1, the patient was asked to void into a disposable paper cup. No other instructions were given. On day 2, traditional clean catch methods were followed using the Bard clean Catch Rigid Funnel Urine Collector with Castile Soap Towelettes. The samples were immediately refrigerated and cultured within 2 hours. All samples were handled identically using the following procedures: urinalysis (Ames Labstix), office culture (Ames Microstix), microscopic examination of the sediment,Gram stain, and urine culture and colony count using a blood agar, selective enterococcus agar, staphylococcus 110 agar, and eosin methylene blue agar plates. There was no statistically significant difference in the colony counts of the urine or in the microscopic examination of the sediments.We conclude that in children, urine can be collected for culture without any precautions. Our study suggests that there is no advantage in using traditional clean catch methods. This appears to be true in both boys and girls of all ages.

Inexpensive low-temperature urine collector.

Inexpensive low-temperature urine collector.

Low temperature urine collector for unstable compounds.

Low temperature urine collector for unstable compounds.

The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria in infancy: A study of 400 infants in private practice

Two hundred male and two hundred female infants were surveyed for asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyuria while presenting for routine care in a private pediatric practice. The clean voided specimen was made accessible with the Pediatric Urine Collector at a remarkably low rate of contamination. On the initial screening 2 per cent of the female and no male infants showed bacteriuria. With repeated study of the same infant population the incidence of bacteriuria rose to 4.5 per cent of the female and 0.5 per cent of the male infants. The most reliable single screening procedure was the quantitative colony count, but the value of repeated screening by history, routine urinalysis, as well as by quantitative colony count to exclude urinary infection in the infant was emphasized.

A pump-operated urine collector for infants

T H E illustrated device has been unusually successful for collecting adequate 24 hour urine specimens from infants. I t grew from the observation that when gravity is used to convey urine to a reservoir bottle in conventional collection apparatus, failures occur because the collecting bag often tends to overfill or spill during voiding. With this contraption, a noncollapsible cup catches urine and a sump-pump is arranged to empty the cup as fast as urine collects. The essential units are shown in Fig. 1 and are readily fashioned from common materials.

Quantitative collection of urine from infants andyoung children

Summary The method for making and applying a highly efficient, durable, comfortable, and inexpensive urine collector for male infants is described.