Urine Analyzer Research Articles

Screening of presumptive urinary tract infections by the automated urine sediment analyser sediMAX.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections and urine samples represent a large proportion of the specimens processed in clinical microbiology laboratories, up to 80% of which, however, yield negative results. Automated microscopy is widely used for urine sediment analysis and has recently been evaluated in a few studies for bacteriological screening of urine samples, achieving high levels of performance. We present a study in which urine samples from both inpatients and outpatients, with either clean-catch or indwelling catheter urine samples, were screened for UTI by urine culture, as the reference method, and the automated urine analyser sediMAX, for the detection of bacteria, leukocytes and yeasts. In total, 3443 urine samples were evaluated. When a single algorithm was adopted for sediMAX to screen the total patient population, 96.4% sensitivity, 75.4% specificity, 57.8% positive predictive value, and 98.4% negative predictive value were found. However, for male outpatients and all patients with indwelling catheter other algorithms were necessary to improve performances. Altogether, with sediMAX false negative rate was 2.4% and false positive rate was 27.6%. In addition, 54% of the investigated samples could have avoided urine culture. After the identification of specific algorithms for different patient subgroups, the automated urine analyser sediMAX can be reliably employed in the screening of UTI.

Manual urine microscopy versus automated urine analyzer microscopy in patients with acute kidney injury.

To examine whether a significant difference exists between the reported ranges of granular and muddy brown casts in urine specimens using manual microscopy compared with an automated urine analyzer in a cohort of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Freshly voided urine specimens from 25 consecutive patients who were under evaluation by the Department of Nephrology for AKI were simultaneously examined using the iQ200 automated microscopy system and manual microscopy performed by a trained observer. We coded the results according to the number of pathological casts identified and performed a 3 × 2 Freeman-Halton extension of the Fisher exact probability test. Overall, the number of casts identified via manual microscopy differed significantly (P <.001) from the number identified via the automated microscopy system. This study provides evidence of the importance of performing a manual microscopic examination of urine sediment in patients with AKI. Further studies are needed to assess whether manual microscopy provides prognostic implications regarding renal recovery, hemodialysis dependency, and mortality.

Optimal criteria for microscopic review of urinalysis following use of automated urine analyzer

BackgroundThe Sysmex UX-2000 is a new, fully automated integrated urine analyzer. This device analyzes all physical and chemical characteristics of urine and sediments in urine on single platform. Because sediment analysis by fluorescent flow cytometry has limited ability to classify some formed elements present in urine (e.g., casts), laboratories should develop criteria for manual microscopic examination of urinalysis following the use of the automated urine analyzer. Methods399 urine samples were collected from routine workload. All samples were analyzed on the automated analyzer and were then compared to the results of the manual microscopic method to establish optimal criteria. Another set of 599 samples was then used to validate the optimized criteria. The efficiency of criteria and review rate were calculated. The false-positive and false-negative cases were enumerated and clarified. ResultsWe can set 11 rules which are related to the parameters categorized by the UX-2000, including cells, casts, crystals, organisms, sperm, and flags. After optimizing the rules, the review rate was 54.1% and the false-negative rate was 2.8%. ConclusionsThe combination of both UX-2000 and manual microscopic method obtain the best results. The UX-2000 improves efficiency by reducing the time and labor associated with the specimen analysis process.

A Research of the Microfluidic Cell Chip Technology to Reduce Urine Cells Overlap Rate

Objective: Employ a new a method using Microfluidic Cell Chip improve the recognition rate of cells in urine. This method will decrease errors caused by failure to distinguish cell in urine based on the overlapping cell morphology characteristics and cell parameters. Methods: (1) enroll 60 patients respectively of acute glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis and acute cystitis, employ WB-2000 automated urine analyzer to detect 9 kinds of biochemical indexes urine protein, glucose, ketone, uric bilirubin and urobilinogen, nitrite, pH, erythrocytes and leukocytes. (2) Observe the overlap count of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the urine of three groups of patients, and calculate overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes of each group of the patient's respectively. (3) After separating urine cells with Microfluidic Cell Chip technology, test the overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Results: (1) The overlap rate of erythrocytes in acute glomerulonephritis patients is 8.53% ~ 8.72%, and the overlap rate of leukocytes is 15.51% ~ 17.18%; The overlap rate of erythrocytes in pyelonephritis patients is 3.64 ~ 4.95%, while the overlap rate of leukocytes is from 8.18 to 9.23%; The overlap rate of erythrocytes in cystitis patients is between 3.85% and 4.53%, and the overlap rate of leukocytes is 8.71% ~ 7.85%; In the glomerulonephritis group, the protein in urine is in the highest levels, the overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes is higher than other groups significantly. (2) the Microfluidic Cell Chip technology can reduce the urinary cells overlap rate of three groups of patients, to levels of 0.22% ~ 0.28%. Conclusion: Microfluidic Cell Chip technology did reduce the overlap rate of erythrocytes and leukocytes in urine samples from patients with three different urinary tract disease.

Gender's equality in evaluation of urine particles: Results of a multicenter study of the Italian Urinalysis Group

ObjectiveWe performed a multicenter study to calculate the upper reference limits (URL) for urine particle quantification in mid-stream samples by using automated urine analyzers. Design & methodsTwo laboratories tested 283 subjects using a Sysmex UF-100, two other laboratories tested 313 subjects using Sysmex UF-1000i, whereas two other laboratories tested 267 subjects using Iris IQ®200. ResultsThe URLs of UF-100 in females and males were 7.8/μL and 6.7/μL for epithelial cells (EC), 11.1/μL and 9.9/μL for red blood cells (RBC), 10.2/μL and 9.7/μL for white blood cells (WBC), and 0.85/μL and 0.87/μL for cylinders (CAST). The URLs of UF-1000i in females and males were 7.6/μL and 7.1/μL for EC, 12.2/μL and 11.1/μL for RBC, 11.9/μL and 11.7/μL for WBC, and 0.88/μL and 0.86/μL for CAST. The URLs of Iris IQ®200 in females and males were 7.8/μL and 6.6/μL for EC, 12.4/μL and 10.1/μL for RBC, 10.9/μL and 9.9/μL for WBC, and 1.1/μL and 1.0/μL for CAST. ConclusionThe URLs obtained in this study were comparable to the lowest values previously reported in the literature. Moreover, no gender-related difference was observed, and analyzer-specific upper reference limits were very similar.

Pediatric reference values for urine particle quantification by using automated flow cytometer: Results of a multicenter study of Italian urinalysis group

ObjectivesThe purpose of this Italian multicenter study was to define pediatric upper reference values for urine particle quantification by using automated flow cytometry. Design and methodsFour hospital-based clinical laboratories participated in this multicenter investigation, which included a total study population of 161 Italian children aged from 1 to 12years. Two laboratories used Sysmex UF-100 and analyzed 86 children, whereas the other two used Sysmex UF-1000i and analyzed 75 subjects. Particle quantification included the analysis of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), squamous epithelial cells (EC), transitional epithelial cells (TC), casts (CAST) and bacteria (BACT). ResultsThe upper reference values in subjects tested with the Sysmex UF-100 were 9.7WBC/μL, 10.1RBC/μL, 7.5EC/μL, 2.5TC/μL, 0.7CAST/μL and 3090BACT/μL, whereas the upper reference values in subjects tested with the Sysmex UF-1000i were 10.5WBC/μL, 8.3RBC/μL, 7.2EC/μL, 2.9TC/μL, 0.7CAST/μL and 48BACT/μL. No statistically significant differences between genders were found in the value distribution of any of the parameters tested. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two urine analyzers, except for BACT. ConclusionsAutomated analysis of urine particles appears a suitable means to optimize the workflow of routine urinalysis of children specimens. The upper reference limits for pediatric subjects obtained in this study were comparable to those previously reported in the literature, with no significant differences between genders and analyzers.

Research of Urine Analyzer Based on Color Sensor

Urine analysis is used in clinical medicine diagnosis method. In this paper, we introduce the urine analyzer working principle. Using the color recognition sensor chip, we design a fast urine analyzer, which is mainly constituted by several parts: LCD, keyboard control, serial communication, network interface, print, ARM Control unit, sample of sensors, motion control, color capture, brightness control, etc. we studies the test strip tests, the specific gravity of testing theory, the test principle of the turbidity , the color test, the principle of color sensor and gives a the flow chart of color test subprogram.

Rapid detection of bacteria in urine samples by the “three-plug-injection” method using capillary electrophoresis

This study explored a method that can rapidly detect bacteria in urine samples for the auxiliary determination of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Urine samples from patients with UTIs (230 cases) were obtained using aseptic technique. The urine biochemical assay was then carried out using an automated urine analyzer for all the urine samples. Bacterial species were identified by a combination of bacterial culture technique, morphological observation and the BACT-IST microbial identification/susceptibility analysis system. The most common seven species of bacteria in the study included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Bacterial samples were suspended in sample buffer solutions and separated by the "three-plug-injection" method using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Each species of bacteria appeared as a bacterial peak. The mixture of the seven species also provided only one peak. Further analysis showed that the concentration limit for the "three-plug-injection" method is 10(6) colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and there is a good linear relationship between the peak height and bacterial concentration (R(2)=0.99). The effect of urine composition on CE results was also investigated. The results showed that urine composition, i.e., proteins, white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs), affected the peak retention time but could not affect the separation of bacteria. The results demonstrated that the bacteria in urine samples can be detected within 10min by the "three-plug-injection" method using CE. The "three-plug-injection" method is therefore suitable for the rapid detection of organisms in clinical urine samples from UTIs.

Modifying cutoff values of the UF 1000i® automated urine analyzer to predict urinary tract infection

The fundamental advantage of using automated urine analyzers lies in the current grouping of laboratories as technical divisions. The UF1000i(®) Biomérieux is a 2(nd) generation automated urine analyzer which uses fluorescence flow cytometry to count the particles and bacteria present in urine. It also provides a prediction indicator for the urinary tract infection, based on the leukocyte and bacteria count. The indicator is an alarm (UTI) which triggers according to the cut off values set by the supplier (bacteria count (B): 100000 arbitrary units (AU)/mL, and leukocyte count (L): 25000/mL). Different cut off values of bacteria and leukocytes were evaluated to give the best discrimination, compared with conventional cytobacteriological examination based on the REMIC recommendations of 2010. Our study highlighted two cut off pairs with distinctive performances: L =15000/mL and B =100000 AU/mL; L =15000/mL and B =150000 AU/mL. For these cut off values, the negative predictive values is respectively 1 and 0.99. Thus, UF 1000i gives a fairly good indicator for the probable absence of urinary tract infection.

Evaluations of urinary sediment and dry chemical detection in urinary tract infections

To assess the diagnostic values of urinalysis in urinary tract infections. A total of 526 urine culture specimens were analyzed by UF-1000i urine analyzers and GEB600 urine chemistry analyzer to determine the sensitivity and specificity of individual and combined analysis of white blood cell, bacteria count and nitrite test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections. And bacterial culture was used as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate of bacterial count were the highest in individual analysis at 84.3%, 90.5%, 84.3%, 90.5% and 88.2% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy of combined bacterial count and leukocyte was 83.9%, 91.0%, 85.4% and 88.2% respectively while the negative predictive value of white blood cell and nitrite was highest (91.3%). Compared with the combined or single analysis, the combination of three analyses had the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate at 85.4%, 92.6%, 84.7%, 93.0%, 90.3% respectively. The combined urinalysis may be used as a rapid screening indicator of urinary tract infections.

A flow cytometric urine analyzer for bacteria and white blood cell counts plus urine dipstick test for rapid screening of bacterial urinary tract infection

Background: Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common patient problems that have no reliably definite diagnosis. The gold standard urine culture is usually delayed and increases laboratory workload. Objectives: To find a rapid method for the screening of bacterial urinary tract infection, the performance of four urinalysis parameters from automated urine dipstick test and flow cytometry were evaluated against the urine culture method. Methods: Urine cultures were performed on 372 routine specimens of suspected UTI. Urine dipstick tests were performed using an automated reader. An automated urine particle analyzer was used for quantitative counting of bacteria and white blood cells. Results: For screening of UTI, urinary bacteria count >14.2 cells/?L gave the highest sensitivity of 95.76% and 44.88% specificity. Conclusion: We suggest using urinary bacteria count for screening of UTI. This method can reduce the laboratory workload for processing urine culture by 30.64%. Keywords: Flow cytometry, urinalysis, urine dipstick, UTI

The application evaluation of a rapid urine microalbumin screening test

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of a kind of rapid urine microalbumin(mALB) screening test. Methods Six hundred and thirteen samples for urine routine detection from Affiliated Fuxing hospital, Capital Medical University were included from December 2006 to February 2007.mALB of all urine samples was detected with H-800 automated urine analyzer based on a dry chemical qualitative screening test.To validate the screening effect of the dry chemical screening test, all of the positive samples and a part of negative samples were determined by a mALB quantitative test as confirmation by Immage-800 automated specific protein analyzer.Comparison of mALB quantitative level between screening positive group and negative group was carried out by 2 independent samples rank sum test.Comparison between enumeration data was carried out by Kappa test for consistency. Results One hundred and fourteen positive samples out of 613 were detected by screening method (18.6%). Out of the 114 positive samples by screening test, seventy-one samples were confirmed positive by quantitative test (mALB>13.3 mg/L).Out of 76 negative sample by screening test,eight samples were confirmed positive by quantitative test.The mALB level of the screening positive group and negative group was 17.70（9.19-32.90） mg/L and 4.55（2.38-7.60） mg/L, respectively, and the mALB level of the screening positive group was much higher than that of the negative group (Z=-8.644，P<0.01).According to the quantitative test, the sensitivity and specificity of the mALB screening method were 89.9%（71/79） and 61.3%（68/111）, respectively. Conclusions The mALB rapid screening test in the research has a certain screening value.But the test method should be further perfected to improve its sensitivity for its certain omission rate.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:647-649) Key words: Albuminuria; Urinalysis; Laboratory techniques and procedures

Pseudo-Outbreak of Extremely Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Urinary Tract Infections Due to Contamination of an Automated Urine Analyzer

By the end of May 2010, an increase in the number of urine specimens that were culture positive for extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in our 800-bed university hospital. This led to an infection control alert. No epidemiological link between the patients and no increase in the frequency of XDR P. aeruginosa in non-urine samples were observed. Therefore, a pseudo-outbreak due to analytical contamination in the laboratory was rapidly suspected. A prospective and retrospective search of cases was initiated, and the sampling of the automated urine analyzers used in the laboratory was performed. Antibiotypes were determined by disc diffusion, and genotypes were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). From February to July 2010, 17 patients admitted to 12 different departments and 6 outpatients were included. The mixing device of the cytometric analyzer used for the numeration of urinary particles (Sysmex UF1000i) proved to be heavily contaminated. Isolates recovered from 12 patients belonged to the same antibiotype and PFGE type as the isolate recovered from the analyzer. Extensive disinfection with a broad-spectrum disinfectant and the replacement of the entire tubing was necessary to achieve the complete negativity of culture samples taken from the analyzer. A pseudo-outbreak caused by an XDR P. aeruginosa clone was proven to be due to the contamination of the cytometric analyzer for urinary sediment. Users of such analyzers should be aware that contamination can occur and should always perform culture either before the processing of the urine sample on the analyzer or on a distinct sample tube.

The comparison of 2 kinds of dry chemical urine analyers

Objective To study two different brand urine dry chemistry analyzers' test results grade.To comparise the detection results of different brand instruments to see if there are significant differences.Methods Compared two different brand instruments detection result grades.Analyzed of the similarities and differences,and paralleled testing patient specimens.compared the results.Results Two kinds of dry chemical analysis of urine analyzer test results were on significantly different levels,but by the rank sum test,there was no significant difference.Analysis of test results for patient specimens,PRO、BLD、KET、WBC,P ＜ 0.05; PRO、BLD、WBC,P ＜ 0.05.Test results were significantly different.Conclusions The analysis of the standard equipment of different brands is inconsistent.Test results have significant differences.The hospital should use the same brand of dry urine chemistry analyzer to avoid Clinical application confusion. Key words: Urine analyzer; Grade; Coincidence

Evaluation of the performances of the UF-1000i® automated urine analyzer

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the UF 1000i(®) automated urine analyzer (bioMérieux(©)).The coefficients of variation (CV) for the repeatability of the red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and bacteria counts were overall concordant with those announced by the supplier. However, for low concentrations, the CV for the repeatability for concentrations of 10(3) RBC/mL, 10(3) WBC/mL and 5×10(3) UA/mL were respectively of 26, 18 and 36% and thus higher than the CV (10%) reported for each of the three parameters by the supplier. Reproducibility results agreed with those given by the supplier (10%). The linearity range was different from that reported by the supplier and was shifted by a factor 10 for WBC and bacteria high concentrations. Cross contamination between samples was prevented by using the washing program recommended by the supplier which however led to a lower analysis frequency (80 samples per hour). Detection limits were of 5,7×10(1) RBC/mL, 5,7×10(1) WBC/mL and 1,6×10(4) UA/mL respectively for the RBC, WBC and bacteria. Quantification limits found in this study were of 1,3×10(3) RBC/mL, 1,7×10(3) WBC/mL, 5,1×10(3) UA/mL. An overestimation of the RBC count was observed within the range of 5×10(3) to 2×10(4) RBC/mL. Beyond this concentration range, the concordance is good. The correlation is poor within this range and good for higher concentrations. For WBC, concordance and correlation were satisfactory over the whole range tested.

Screening for Urinary Tract Infection with the Sysmex UF-1000i Urine Flow Cytometer

The diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) by urine culture is time-consuming and can produce up to 60 to 80% negative results. Fast screening methods that can reduce the necessity for urine cultures will have a large impact on overall turnaround time and laboratory economics. We have evaluated the detection of bacteria and leukocytes by a new urine analyzer, the UF-1000i, to identify negative urine samples that can be excluded from urine culture. In total, 1,577 urine samples were analyzed and compared to urine culture. Urine culture showed growth of ≥10(3) CFU/ml in 939 samples (60%). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and ROC decision plots were been prepared at three different gold standard definitions of a negative urine culture: no growth, growth of bacteria at <10(4) CFU/ml, and growth of bacteria at <10(5) CFU/ml. Also, the reduction in urine cultures and the percentage of false negatives were calculated. At the most stringent gold standard definition of no growth, a chosen sensitivity of 95% resulted in a cutoff value of 26 bacteria/μl, a specificity of 43% and a reduction in urine cultures of only 20%, of which 14% were false negatives. However, at a gold standard definition of <10(5) CFU/ml and a sensitivity of 95%, the UF-1000i cutoff value was 230 bacteria/μl, the specificity was 80%, and the reduction in urine cultures was 52%, of which 0.3% were false negatives. The applicability of the UF-1000i to screen for negative urine samples strongly depends on population characteristics and the definition of a negative urine culture. In our setting, however, the low workload savings and the high percentage of false-negative results do not warrant the UF-1000i to be used as a screening analyzer.

Evaluation of the Sysmex UF-1000i Urine Analyzer as a Screening Test to Reduce the Need for Urine Cultures for Urinary Tract Infection

Background: We evaluated the Sysmex UF-1000i flow cytometer as a screening test for urinary tract infections (UTI) and to reduce the need for bacterial cultures. Methods: By comparing the test results for 308 urine samples with quantitative urine cultures, we established the cutoff criteria for UF-1000i. A bacterial cutoff value of 160/microL provided the best discrimination for UTI, with a sensitivity of 81.1% and a specificity of 83.2% compared with a urine culture. It was possible to forgo 54.9% of cultures with 10% false-negative results. Results: With a bacterial cutoff value of 10/microL, the sensitivity was improved to 100%, but the specificity declined to 36.8%, and 24.3% of the cultures could be avoided without any false-negative results. Conclusion: By comparing the test results generated by UF-1000i with those generated by UF-100, we concluded that UF-1000i is better than UF-100 in reducing the need for bacterial cultures. In conclusion, UF-1000i would improve the efficiency of the routine microbiology laboratory and reduce the need for urine cultures for UTI, especially for those induced by bacteria. * UTI : urinary tract infection WBCs : white blood cells CFUs : colony-forming units ROC : receiver operating characteristic AUC : area under the curve

Differences in bone health and bone biomarkers between exercising male protein supplement users and non-users

Title: Differences in bone health and bone biomarkers between exercising male protein supplement users, and non-users. By R. Warner and L. Doyle, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology Background: Increasing protein intake through protein supplements is a growing practice amongst exercising individuals. However there are varying reports in terms of the detrimental(1) and beneficial(2) effects of protein on bone. The effect of high level protein supplementation on bone health in exercising individuals is relatively unexplored. Aim: To investigate the effect of variations in protein intake on bone health and bone biomarkers in exercising males. Subjects and Methods: 50 non-supplement users (25.9 ± 5.1y) and 52 supplement users (25.4 ± 4.9y) were recruited. The average length of time for supplement use was 33 months. All subjects completed a food diary for 3 days which was analyzed using Comp EatTM. Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) was calculated by the method described by Remer et al. (2003). Protein content of supplements consumed was obtained from product labels. Effect of exercise on bone health was calculated using osteogenic index (OI). Bone health (bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and percent lean body mass (LBM) was measured using dual energy xray absorbtiometry (DEXA). Serum samples were analyzed for osetocalcin (S-OC) and crosslaps (S-CTx) using commercially available ELISA kits. Urine was measured for pH using a digital urine analyzer with urinary calcium (U-Ca) and creatinine (U-Cr) levels being measured spectrophotoemetrically. Independent samples t-test or Mann Whitney U test (depending on data normality) were used to test for any differences between supplement users and non-users. Results: There were no significant differences in potential confounders of BMI, OI or percent LBM (P > 0.05) between users and non-users. Protein intake, NEAP and sulphur content of the diet was significantly greater in users than non-users. There were no significant differences in BMD, BMC, urine pH or calcium, serum osteocalcin or crosslaps between users and non-users. This study demonstrates protein supplementation of 33 months duration has no effect on bone health in exercising males. (1)Abelow et al. (1992) (2) Promislow et al. (2002)

Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques

Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques Automation is necessary in laboratory systems. It enables reduction of time required for sample analysis, as well as standardization of methods. However, automation of urine control in laboratories is much less common than in hematological analyses. Not long ago, the necessary automated systems for urine analysis have also been developed. The objective of this study is a comparison of the IQ™ 200 automated system for urine analyzing with standardized manual urine analyzing techniques. Comparative analysis of 300 samples was performed by the IQ™ 200 system and by the standardized methods of manual microscopy and chemical urine analysis. The results acquired point to very high compatibility between urine analyses by manual techniques and by the automated system IQ™ 200, and in some analyses IQ™ 200 showed higher sensitivity. It can be concluded, with the aim of standardization and shortening of time required for urine analysis, that utilization of automated urine analyzing systems is recommendable, especially in institutions with a large number of daily analyses. This is also supported by the fact that operation procedure on automated systems is much more simple in comparison to manual techniques.

스트립의 컬러영상을 이용한 요 분석기에 관한 연구

This paper presents an urine analyzer using color images of strip. An image sensor has been used to acquire an color images. The analyzer has a characteristics which takes a pictures of independent each pad responding to urine items all at once, and outputs the measured urine values by analysing an acquired pad colors. This device measures and analyses 11 urine items, and has a speed-up operation, light weight, small size, and makes accurate observations by processing the measured colors using processor. The urine analyzer transmits the urine items to peripheral devices, personal computers, hospitals, and another places by using a telegraph and a wireless interfaces.