Urinary Tract System Research Articles

Five-year cross-sectional study to determine the burden of Candida spp. infections of the urinary tract system among patients attending tertiary hospital in Northwestern Tanzania

ObjectiveUrinary tract infections (UTIs) stand as a prominent global health concern. This study entails a 5-year retrospective analysis, using a cross-sectional study design to examine microbiology laboratory data of individuals...

Determinants of Perioperative Complications in Day-Surgery for Endometriosis: A Retrospective Cohort

ObjectivesEndometriosis is a common gynaecologic disease for which surgery is often required. Our objective was to evaluate the potential determinants of perioperative complications in day-surgeries for endometriosis. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing day-surgeries for endometriosis using Canadian administrative data from between 2015 and 2019. A multilevel logistic model with a random intercept at the centre level was created to assess the association between potential determinants, including age, site(s) of endometriosis lesion, centre-volume, surgical intervention, and a composite outcome of complications or specific complications. ResultsWe observed a higher risk of complications associated with greater age (40–44 vs. 20–24 years, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.58; 95% CI 1.26–1.98); hysterectomies (aOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.73–3.06) compared with minor conservative surgery; lesions of the bowel or urinary tract system (aOR 1.54; 95% CI 1.16–2.06), and extra-pelvic sites of endometriosis (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.52) compared with endometriosis of the uterus; and with comorbidities (aOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.32). Endometriosis lesions to the bowel and urinary tract system and to extra-pelvic sites (compared with no endometriosis at the site) were associated with a greater risk of accidental damages (aOR 1.84; 95% CI 1.43–2.37) and urinary system complications (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.24–2.48), respectively. Among patients undergoing hysterectomies compared with those undergoing minor conservative surgery, infectious complications (aOR 8.56; 95% CI 4.70–15.59) and accidental damages (aOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.70–3.14) were more frequent. ConclusionsComplications in day-surgeries for endometriosis are more frequent with older age, hysterectomy, comorbidities, and endometriosis of the bowel, urinary tract system, and extra-pelvic locations. More extensive disease is associated with more extensive surgical dissection and a higher risk of complications.

CT-guided Retrograde Urography as a Diagnostic Tool for Post-kidney Transplantation Evaluation: A Case Report

The vast majority of urological complications occur at the ureterovesical junction and usually occur early after transplantation. The aim of this study is to enhance the quality of medical care provided to patients who undergo kidney transplantation. Cystography was conducted on renal transplant recipients utilizing computed tomography. The utilization of changes in the patient’s position and reconstructed images of the bladder can serve as a diagnostic tool to assess the normal functioning of the urinary tract system subsequent to kidney transplantation. To ensure adequate filling of the bladder and ureter, it is necessary to introduce varying amounts of contrast medium through the urinary catheter into these structures. This diagnostic procedure aims to verify the existence of stenosis or leakage occurring at the vesicoureteral junction. The evaluation and diagnosis of urinary tract problems subsequent to kidney transplantation can be effectively conducted. Furthermore, it has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects and alleviate the strain on the renal system resulting from the administration of contrast agents in computed tomography urography. CT-guided cystography can enhance the medical quality and comfort of Kidney transplantation patients.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from diabetic patients in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major concern for diabetic patients due to the impact of diabetes on the urinary tract and immune system. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen causing UTIs in diabetic patients and is known for its resistance. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diabetic patients in Mogadishu, Somalia. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ummah Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, from November 2021 to April 2022. Clean catch mid-stream urine specimens were collected from each participant and uropathogens were identified using standard techniques. The samples were cultured on CLED agar and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The overall prevalence of uropathogens among diabetic patients was 236/350 (67.5%) with Escherichia coli being the most common organism. According to multivariate logistic regression, the results showed that Female diabetic patients had a significantly higher likelihood of developing UTIs compared to males (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.357-4.522, p = 0.003). The duration of diabetes, history of previous UTIs, and previous antibiotic use were also significantly associated with UTIs. All isolates were found to be resistant to Cefotaxime (100%). In addition, high resistance rates were observed with ofloxacin (91%), ciprofloxacin (77.8%), amikacin (60.9%), ceftriaxone (58.3%), and cefepime (51.8%). The most sensitive antibiotics were colistin and imipenem (99.6 and 88.6%, respectively), followed by gentamycin (70%). This study found a high prevalence of uropathogens and increased multi-drug resistance. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor uropathogen prevalence and resistance rates, guiding treatment recommendations, rational prescription programs, and policy decisions.

Assessment of effective dose and radiation-induced cancer risk in CT-KUB

Background and objectivesAmong the various imaging techniques employed for disorders related to the renal and urinary tract systems, computed tomography of kidneys, ureters, and bladder (CT-KUB) is considered the gold standard. The study evaluated effective dose and organ equivalent dose and estimated cancer risk for patients undergoing CT-KUB scans. MethodsScans of 110 patients (76 males, 31 females; mean age 45 years) were completed using a calibrated GE Light Speed 64-slice multi-slice CT (MSCT) scanner. CT exposure parameters were recorded, including tube current, pitch factor tube potential, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP), and the National Cancer Institute dosimetry system for computed tomography (NCICT) was used to calculate the effective dose for each patient. Patient organ doses for colon, breast, stomach, bladder, prostate, and ovaries were calculated and converted to estimate cancer risk, based on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII report. ResultsCTDIvol, DLP, and effective dose reported mean values of 9.9 mGy, 483.57 mGy cm, and 5.8 mSv, respectively. Lifetime cancer risk ranged from 0.01% to 0.08%, with a mean of 0.03% per 100,000 CT-KUB procedures. For younger individuals, the level of risk was higher for females than for males. While male patients are at higher risk than females for colon cancer, with close risk for both genders regarding stomach and bladder cancers. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between effective dose and body mass index (p < 0.011, r > 0.4), AP diameter (p < 0.01, r > 0.4), and transfer diameter (p < 0.01, r > 0.5). ConclusionsAlthough the reported effective doses fall within the standard limits, there is significant potential to reduce the radiation dose for patients undergoing CT-KUB. Possible options include low dose protocols and ultrasonography, depending on patient characteristics and clinical condition. Appropriate education and training of radiologic technologists can help to ensure radiation dose optimization.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogens from urinary isolates of diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in South Tamil Nadu

Since diabetes has several negative effects on the urinary tract and host immune system, urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a serious health issue for diabetic people. The majority of individuals with defective genitourinary tracts get complicated UTIs. To avoid morbidity and significant life-threatening conditions linked to co-morbid diabetes and UTIs, quick diagnosis and treatment are required. Effective care of these patient groups will be facilitated by knowledge of the many bacterial agents that cause UTI in diabetes patients and non-diabetic patients, as well as their susceptibility profiles.: This cross sectional study, which was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Virudhunagar, South Tamil Nadu, is aimed to compare the prevalence of UTI, the causative bacteria, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in diabetic patients (168) and non- diabetics (150). The existence of urinary tract bacterial pathogens was determined by microbiologic analysis of a urine sample that was collected aseptically. The Kirby Bauer technique was used to screen the isolates for drug susceptibility in order to determine their patterns of antibiotic resistance.: Urinary tract bacterial infections were found in 37.5% and 36.6% of samples from diabetes and non-diabetic people, respectively. species, , and () were the organisms present in the urine samples in the following proportions for the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, respectively: 34.92% and 29.09%, 12.69% and 10.9%, 7.93% and 12, 6.34% and 5.45%, 3.17% and 1.81%, 3.17% and 0, 22.2% and 16.36%, 9.52% and 14.54% and 0 and 9.09%. Nevertheless, the difference in the percentages of isolated bacteria was not statistically significant (-value = 0. 856). The majority of the antibiotics tested on bacteria isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic people were extremely effective, particularly Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin – tazobactam and Nitrofurantoin for gram negative bacteria and Vancomycin and Amikacin for gram - positive bacteria.: The current study's findings highlight the necessity of doing sensitivity testing before beginning antibiotic therapy for UTI since they might aid in the right selection of antibiotics, ensure that they are used effectively, and thus avoid antibiotic resistance.

Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract system: A single-center retrospective study

Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract system: A single-center retrospective study

Study Effect of the Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Radish and Ginger on the Gram Negative Bacteria that Cause Urinary Tract Infection in Balad City

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of radish and ginger on bacterial species isolated from urinary tract and auditory system infections. Prior research has shown the potential of natural plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. In this study, extracts were tested at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml for each extract against six different bacterial species. Results demonstrated that the hot alcoholic extract was more efficient than the hot water extracts of the two plants, with 100 mg/ml concentration having the highest inhibition ability. In addition, the inhibitory effect increased with increasing extract concentration. The hot alcoholic extracts of both ginger and radish were found to have higher inhibitory effects against the bacterial species, with the hot alcoholic ginger extract being more effective than the radish water extract. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of the hot alcoholic and water extracts of radish and ginger were tested against all of the identified bacterial species. Finally, sensitivity testing demonstrated that the isolated bacteria showed differences in their sensitivity and resistance to different antibiotics. Overall, this study highlights the potential of natural plant extracts as a source of new antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections. Existing research has shown the potential of natural plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections, including UTIs. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the inhibitory effect of specific plant extracts, such as radish and ginger, on bacterial species isolated from UTIs and auditory system infections. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of radish and ginger on six different bacterial species. The importance of this research gap lies in the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the need for alternative treatments. The research motivation is to explore the potential of natural plant extracts as a source of new antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.

OPTIMALISASI KUALITAS CITRA ANATOMI DENGAN VARIASI IDOSE DAN INTERATIVE MODEL RECONTRUCTION (IMR) PADA MSCT UROGRAPHY NON KONTRAS DENGAN TEKNIK TRACKING

Background: The urinary tract (urinary system) consists of the two kidneys and ureters, the urinary bladder, and the ureters. There are several ways to examine abnormalities in the urinary tract radiologically. including the current CT scan, CT Scan (MSCT) is one of the modalities to evaluate and diagnose urinary tract disorders. MSCT of the urinary tract without using positive contrast media is able to identify images of the urinary tract in cases of urolithiasis. iDose and Interative Model Reconstruction (IMR) are the second generation of IR algorithms from the previous generation, namely iDose. This technology can also lower the dose to the patient and also improve the quality of the resulting image.&#x0D; Method: This type of research is an experiment with an observational approach with comparisons. This type of research is an experiment with data obtained from a comparison of noise values and the quality of anatomical images from tracking images with iDose and IMR variations. And an assessment was carried out by 3 radiologists. Place of data collection in radiology RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati. Time for data collection From April to November 2022. in assessing anatomical images using statistical tests. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon statistical test method because the data were ordinal with paired groups. The Wilcoxon statistical test was used to test the hypothesis and see the level of difference in anatomical image information. The level of significance (level of significance) is 95% or α&gt; 0.05 and is done by assessing the p-value. For a significant level of assessment p &lt;0.05 then Ho is rejected and p&gt; 0.05 then Ho is accepted.&#x0D; Results: Friedman test on each anatomical part of the urinary tract system on Non-Contrast Urography MSCT images with Tracking Techniques with iDose 1-6 and IMR 1-3 variations, there are differences in anatomical image information with a p value of .000 (p &lt;0.05). In the anatomy of the renal parenchyma, the highest mean rank is iDose 3 with a value of 8.15. In pelvic anatomy and kidney calices, the highest mean rank is at iDose 6 with a value of 8.05. In ureteral anatomy, the highest mean rank is iDose 3 with a value of 8.05. In the anatomy of the perirenal space, the highest mean rank is iDose 3 with a value of 8.20. Based on the results of the mean rank Friedman test to find out the optimal I Dose and IMR values, it was obtained iDose 1 with a mean rank value of 4.65, iDose 2 with a mean rank value of 4.95, iDose 3 with a mean rank value of 8.3, iDose 4 with a mean rank value of mean rank 6.4, iDose 5 with a mean rank value of 6.55, iDose 6 with a mean rank value of 7.75, IMR 1 with a mean rank value of 1.65, IMR 2 with a mean rank value of 2.05, and IMR 3 with a mean value rating 2.7.&#x0D; Conclusion: Changes in the values of iDose and IMR variations affect the anatomical image information of Non-Contrast MSCT Urography with Tracking Techniques, this is based on the results of the mean rank Friedman test performed on each anatomy of the renal parenchyma, pelvic calices, ureters and perirenal space which shows a difference. Based on the results of Friedman's mean rank test conducted on the entire anatomy of the renal parenchyma, ureters, and perirenal space, it showed that the optimal iDose and IMR variation values were iDose 3 with a mean rank value of 8.3.

Management of Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms – A Scoping Review

Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (InflAAAs) account for 5 – 10% of aortic aneurysms and are characterised by retroperitoneal fibrosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, and doubts remain about the optimal management strategy. This scoping review describes the current state of knowledge on InflAAAs. Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies that evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of InflAAAs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was followed. Fifty-seven papers were selected (low level of evidence), which included 1 554 patients, who were mostly male and heavy smokers. A triad of chronic abdominal or back pain, weight loss, and elevated inflammatory markers was highly suggestive of the diagnosis but rarely present, and fever was noted only randomly. A mantle sign was seen on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in 73 – 100% of patients. Open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) was reported in 1 376 and 178 patients, respectively. OSR was associated with significant iatrogenic bowel (n = 22), urinary tract system (n = 7), venous (n = 30), pancreatic (n = 6), and splenic (n = 5) injuries, while EVAR was associated with lower 30 day mortality (0 – 5% vs. 0 – 32%). One and two year mortality rates were similar between the two treatment modalities (0 – 20% and 0 – 36%, respectively). EVAR was more often associated with post-operative progression of inflammation (17% vs. 0.4%), and a higher frequency of persistent hydronephrosis (> 50%) and limb occlusion (20%). Used in < 10% of patients, corticosteroids led to complete pain relief and a reduction in peri-aortic inflammation within 6 – 18 months. InflAAAs are characterised by non-specific symptoms, with the mantle sign on CTA being pathognomonic. Corticosteroids may be considered a basic treatment that all patients should receive initially. Low quality data indicate that EVAR (vs. OSR) is associated with fewer intra-operative complications and lower peri-operative mortality but more late fibrosis related adverse events. International multicentre registries are required to gather more insights into this challenging pathology.

Power of pee: Urine‐derived stem cells in urological disorders

AbstractGiven that urine‐derived stem cells (USCs) originate from the urinary tract system, they hold great potential for treating urological disorders. USCs have several advantages over other types of stem cells, such as easy and noninvasive collection, and abundant supply. USCs can differentiate into different types of cells. This makes them a potential source of cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the field of urology. In animal models, USCs or USC‐derived exosomes regenerate damaged tissues in the treatment of various urological disorders such as urinary incontinence, bladder dysfunction, interstitial cystitis, urethra injury erectile dysfunction, and kidney injury via multiple differentiation potential, angiogenesis, anti‐inflammatory, paracrine effects, and immune modulation capability. Overall, the use of USCs in urological disorders is a rapidly developing field, and ongoing research is needed to fully understand their potential applications. However, the early results are promising and suggest that USCs could become a valuable cell source for the treatment of various urological disorders in the future.

Detection and characterization of hybrid uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains among E. coli isolates causing community-acquired urinary tract infection.

Introduction. The main aetiological agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) is Escherichia coli, categorized as uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). The genome of UPEC shows a high degree of plasticity, which leads to the emergence of 'intermediary strains' with different traits from the parental pathotypes.Gap Statement/Aim. We aimed to assess the frequency and types of the hybrid UPEC among isolates causing UTI and characterize virulence properties of these hybrid isolates molecularly and phenotypically.Methodology. After detection of intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC) virulence markers among 200 UPEC isolates, they were assessed for the presence of 40 virulence genes (VGs) of extraintestinal, uropathogenic and diarrhoeagenic E. coli, phylogenetic group typing, phenotypic traits including biofilm formation, adherence and invasion to HeLa cells, haemolysis activity and antimicrobial resistance.Results. The analysis showed 21 (10.5 %) UPEC isolates carried enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) virulence markers. Twenty isolates carried the aggR (EAEC) and one the eae and escV genes (EPEC), which were classified as hybrid strains. The most commonly identified genes were fimH (71.5 %), fyuA (66.7 %), iutA (62 %), chuA (57.1) and traT (47.6 %). Biofilm production, adhesion and invasion were found among 17 (81), 18 (85.7) and 11 (52.4 %) hybrids, respectively. Investigation of the genetic characteristics, phylogenetic group and virulence profile of the detected hybrids revealed that they have genetic diversity and do not belong to a particular clonal lineage.Conclusion. The present study reveals that some UPEC may carry virulence markers of IPEC pathotypes. EAEC and EPEC seem to have a greater tendency to form hybrids and cause UTI. Further studies are needed to elucidate what factors contributed to survival in the urinary tract system and facilitate infection and whether these combinations lead to an increase in pathogenicity or not.

Incidence of Dementia Following Hospitalization With Infection Among Adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Cohort

Factors associated with the risk of dementia remain to be fully understood. Systemic infections are hypothesized to be such factors and may be targets for prevention and screening. To investigate the association between hospitalization with infection and incident dementia. Data from the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a prospective cohort study, were used. Enrollment occurred at 4 research centers in the US, initiated in 1987 to 1989. The present study includes data up to 2019, for 32 years of follow-up. Data analysis was performed from April 2021 to June 2022. Hospitalizations with infections were identified via medical record review for selected International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, from baseline until administrative censoring or dementia diagnosis. Participants were considered unexposed until first hospitalization with infection and exposed thereafter. Selected infection subtypes were also considered. Incident dementia and time-to-event data were identified through surveillance of ICD-9 and ICD-10 hospitalization and death certificate codes, in-person assessments, and telephone interviews. A sensitivity analysis was conducted excluding cases occurring within 3 years or beyond 20 years from exposure. Data were collected before study hypothesis formulation. Of the 15 792 ARIC study participants, an analytical cohort of 15 688 participants who were dementia free at baseline and of Black or White race were selected (8658 female [55.2%]; 4210 Black [26.8%]; mean [SD] baseline age, 54.7 [5.8] years). Hospitalization with infection occurred among 5999 participants (38.2%). Dementia was ascertained in 2975 participants (19.0%), at a median (IQR) of 25.1 (22.2-29.1) years after baseline. Dementia rates were 23.6 events per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 22.3-25.0 events per 1000 person-years) among the exposed and 5.7 events per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 5.4-6.0 events per 1000 person-years) among the unexposed. Patients hospitalized with infection were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.88-2.18; P < .001) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.55-1.86; P < .001) times more likely to experience incident dementia according to unadjusted and fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards models compared with individuals who were unexposed. When excluding individuals who developed dementia less than 3 years or more than 20 years from baseline or the infection event, the adjusted hazard ratio was 5.77 (95% CI, 4.92-6.76; P < .001). Rates of dementia were significantly higher among those hospitalized with respiratory, urinary tract, skin, blood and circulatory system, or hospital acquired infections. Multiplicative and additive interactions were observed by age and APOE-ε genotype. Higher rates of dementia were observed among participants who experienced hospitalization with infection. These findings support the hypothesis that infections are factors associated with higher risk of dementias.

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Women from a Urologist’s Perspective

Urinary tract infection (UTI) referred to microbial invasion of the urinary tract system, typically due to bacteria. UTI is more common in women than men, which is thought to be due to differences in lower urinary tract anatomy. Making a diagnosis of UTI begins with the presence of clinical symptoms consistent with either pyelonephritis and cystitis. When pyelonephritis symptoms are present, it is usually associated with bacterial infection, while the symptoms of clinical cystitis may or may not be caused by infection. As both urologic and non-urologic conditions can produce the clinical symptoms of cystitis, diagnosis of UTI requires both pyuria and bacteriuria on urine examination. Complicated UTI is when the infection is associated with either host or bacterial factors that increase the chance of reinfection and decrease treatment efficacy, such as altered organism virulence, immunocompromise, or urinary tract abnormalities. The urologist’s primary role in UTI management is to evaluate for such urinary tract abnormalities and, if needed, resolve those conditions to prevent recurrent infection. This review will describe the urologists’ evaluation and management of complicated and recurrent UTI and inform physician about the urinary tract abnormalities that can predispose to recurrent UTI.

Conventional and Molecular Identification of Candida spp. And Antifungals Susceptibility Test in Pregnant Women

Candida species are medically significant because they are the most frequent opportunistic mycosis in the worldwide. Because of hormonal and biochemical fluctuations, Fungal infections in the vagina are tenfold during pregnancy. Increased antibiotic usage and the presence of high levels of reproductive hormones during pregnancy both promote Candida species colonization. The study aimed to shed light on the relationship between Urinary tract infection UTI and candidiasis and determines the genetic patterns and their prevalence among women. There are 90 samples of urine and vaginal swabs collected from pregnant women with UTI at ages ranging from (15-40) years. All samples cultured on SDA, MSA and MEA. Several tests were used to identify the types of isolated yeasts, including growth on Chromogenic agar medium, as well as biochemical and molecular tests using primers ITS1, 4. The Results found that a nine species of Candida were isolated on Chromogenic: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. membranifaciens and C. utilis, Also, showed the number of yeasts that were genetically diagnosed by molecular diagnosis was eight species of yeasts as follows 3 isolates C. albicans from 33% and one isolate for each of the following types C. orthopsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis with 11% of all isolates where C. albicans showed the highest percentage. The results of the statistical analysis of the isolates showed that the most affected age group of pregnant women was (26-30), (21-25 year) in the rate of 33%, 30% respectively. Antifungal susceptibility was studied, as the results indicated that all Candida isolates were sensitive to Miconazole and itraconazole, except for Candida albicans, which was resistant to itraconazole. Furthermore, most types of Candida Were resistant to Nystatin and Amphotericin B, except for three type’s C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. utilis. The most common pathogen in Urinary tract system is Candida spp. in pregnant women, the results indicated that the best treatment to eliminate Candida Miconazole,Itraconazol, Clotrimazol, Co-Trimoxazol, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Amphotricine B , and Nystatin respectively.

Determinants of Perioperative Complications in Day-Surgery for Endometriosis: A Retrospective Cohort

<h3>Study Objective</h3> In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential determinants of perioperative complications in day surgeries for endometriosis. <h3>Design</h3> A retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> N/A. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> We used data from the Canadian administrative data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) maintained by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). 16,982 women aged 15-44 years undergoing day-surgery for endometriosis between 2015 and 2019 were eligible. <h3>Interventions</h3> Surgeries were categorized as minor conservative (e.g., biopsy or minor adhesiolysis) or major conservative surgeries (e.g., lesion excision or resections) or hysterectomies. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> 16,982 patients underwent day-surgery over the five-years study period. We observed a higher risk of complications associated with greater age (OR=1.58; 95%CI 1.26-1.98); hysterectomies (OR=2.29; 95%CI 1.73-3.06); lesions of the bowel or urinary tract system (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.16-2.06), and extra-pelvic sites of endometriosis (OR=1.24; 95%CI 1.07-1.52); and with centers of higher volume (OR=1.59; 95%CI 1.09- 2.32). The odds of infections were higher among patients undergoing hysterectomies (OR=8.56; 95%CI 4.70- 15.59); and lower among patients with ovarian endometriosis (OR=0.44; 95%CI 0.24- 0.78). The odds of renal complications were significantly higher among older patients (OR=1.57; 95%CI 1.01- 2.45), and among patients with lesions in miscellaneous sites (OR=1.75; 95%CI 1.24- 2.48). The odds of complications such as accidental cut, puncture, perforation, or laceration were higher in older patients (OR=1.57; 95%CI 1.18- 2.10); among those undergoing major conservative surgery (OR=1.57; 95%CI 1.31- 1.89) or hysterectomy (OR=2.31; 95%CI 1.70- 3.14); in the context of bowel or urinary tract system endometriosis (OR=1.84; 95%CI 1.43 -2.37); and in high-volume centers (OR=1.82; 95%CI 1.22- 2.72). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Age, hysterectomy, endometriosis of the bowel, urinary tract system and extra-pelvic sites, and high-volume center increase the risk of complications. Determinants of complications can inform care by improving the recognition of patients at greater risk.

Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Active against Clinical Strains of E. coli and Development of a Phage Antimicrobial Cocktail.

Pathogenic E. coli cause urinary tract, soft tissue and central nervous system infections, sepsis, etc. Lytic bacteriophages can be used to combat such infections. We investigated six lytic E. coli bacteriophages isolated from wastewater. Transmission electron microscopy and whole genome sequencing showed that the isolated bacteriophages are tailed phages of the Caudoviricetes class. One-step growth curves revealed that their latent period of reproduction is 20-30 min, and the average value of the burst size is 117-155. During co-cultivation with various E. coli strains, the phages completely suppressed bacterial host culture growth within the first 4 h at MOIs 10-7 to 10-3. The host range lysed by each bacteriophage varied from six to two bacterial strains out of nine used in the study. The cocktail formed from the isolated bacteriophages possessed the ability to completely suppress the growth of all the E. coli strains used in the study within 6 h and maintain its lytic activity for 8 months of storage. All the isolated bacteriophages may be useful in fighting pathogenic E. coli strains and in the development of phage cocktails with a long storage period and high efficiency in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Effect of Citrus Limon (L.), Citrus Aurantium And Citrus Medica On Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis In Rats

Introduction: Renal stone formation and the predominant chemical stone composition are age and gender dependent. The most common stones are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), calcium oxalate, urate, cystine and silica. The most common type of kidney stones worldwide contains calcium. The process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (urinary tract) is called as Urolithiasis. Urinary calculi may cause obstruction, hydronephrosis, infection and hemorrhage in the urinary tract system. Citrus species were used in traditional practices as remedies for the urolithiasis have been well established in vivo-vitro test, clinical trial and effective use but are lacking well documented record. Citrus limon (L.) is tree with evergreen leaves and yellow edible fruits from the family Rutaceae. Citrus aurantiumL commonly called as bitter orange. Citrus medica Linn.,commonly known as a Citron in English and bijapura in Ayurvedic literature is shrub or small tree. All three are reported to use in treatment of wide panel of diseases like antiurolithic activity, stomach ache, vomiting antifungal and antibacterialetc. Urolithiasis was introduced by administration of ethylene glycol in rats. Standard drug treated group, the urinary outputs increased significantly. Body weight of all animals measured on day 0, 14 and 28 of calculi induction to assess the effect of treatment on body weight. The collection of urine from rats scheduled to be every seven days from calculi induction. C. aurantinum extract showed significantly increase in urinary output. The collected urine stored in 4ºC. The analysis of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, uric acid, protein, urea nitrogen and oxalate recorded.300 mg/kg of combined extract of all three plants show significant result compare to individual plant response.

HEALTH EDUCATION, TRAINING OF PUBLIC EXERCISE AND INFANT MASSAGE FOR cadres and the community in BEUNOT VILLAGE, SYAMTALIRA DISTRICT, BAYU UTARA

The postpartum period is the post-partum recovery period until all of the female reproductive organs have recovered. This puerperal period lasts about 6-8 weeks after delivery. Things that need to be considered during the puerperium include temperature, lochia expenditure, breasts, urinary tract, and cardiovascular system. This exercise is carried out from the first day after giving birth to the tenth day and serves to restore health conditions, accelerate healing, prevent complications, restore and improve muscle tension after pregnancy, especially in the muscles of the back, pelvic floor, and abdomen. Baby massage is important to help baby develop optimally. This Community Service consists of 3 activities, namely health education and training for postpartum gymnastics and baby massage. The health education methods used were lectures and questions and answers, training for postpartum gymnastics and baby massage on proper postpartum gymnastics and baby massage techniques and practicing them directly. The purpose of this Community Service is to restore body fitness after childbirth, while baby massage is for optimal baby growth and development. The participants of health education for postpartum gymnastics and baby massage were 20 people. Community service activities are carried out for 1 month from 07 February to 05 March 2022 in Beunot Village, Syamtalira Bayu District. After participating in this activity, the participants understood and were able to practice postpartum gymnastics and Baby Massage independently.

Assessment of Ricinus Communis Ml Crude Extracts Towards Urinary Tract Infection Strains with Their Associated Ailments

Cases of synergic Urinary Tract Infections with its associated ailments has become a menace. Due to its high costs of treatment, unavailability of relevant antibiotics, misdiagnosis and recurrence, most patients within Africa Sub-Sahara regions prefer ethnopharmacological ways of taking boiled and sieved liquid concoction made from mature leaves (ML) of ricinus communis to clear the urinary tract system from these microbes with their associated ailments. Crude extracts of methanol, chloroform, hexane, and Diethylether prepared from ricinus communis dried powered mature leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening, antibacterial, GC/MS and antioxidant assays. Crude methanolic and chloroform extracts prepared from a mixture of coarsely powdered dried twigs and mature leaves were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on cancer cell line (HCT-116 and K-562). Antibacterial assay of the crude extracts reveals recommendable range of values categorized as moderate and high sensitive with respect to the standard measure. Methanol extract exhibited antibacterial activities against all gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species while diethylether extract showed its potency against the gram-positive staph only among escherichia, klebsiella and pseudomonas species. Chloroform, diethylether and hexane crude extracts proven to be inert against pseudomonas strain. Highest scavenging capacity range obtained is 60.38 ± 0.034 percent while the lowest cytotoxicity range is 20.18 ± 1.37 μg/ml-1revealing the medicinal value and safeness of the plant extract. Phytochemical analysis and GC/MS results revealed the presence of phytoconstituents and museum of bioactive agents with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiarrheal, antimutagenic and anti-oxidant properties thus ascertaining its efficacy towards the infection with associated ailments.