Urinary Excretion Of Estrone Research Articles

Metabolism of steroids in fluorosis: I. Oestrogens in male urine

Forty-five male patients suffering from chronic fluorine poisoning and fifteen normal men were investigated. The urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β, oestriol and 16-epioestriol was studied. The results revealed a high content of oestrogens in urine. This is explained by a metabolic disorder in the liver.

Urinary Excretion of Oestrogens and the Oestrogenic Effect in Vaginal Smears in Post‐Menopausal Women with Uterine Bleeding

Abstract. A series consisting of 145 post‐menopausal women with uterine bleeding and a control group of 55 post‐menopausal women without this symptom were investigated. The urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol was measured on three consecutive days. The oestrogenic effect in vaginal smears was determined and the endometrium was histologically investigated. In those patients with uterine bleeding who showed an oestrogenic effect in the endometrium or an endometrial polyp, the urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol and the oestrogenic effect in the vaginal smear were clearly higher than in the control group, although overlapping occurred. In those patients in the bleeding group who had atrophic or slightly proliferative endometrium or endometrial carcinoma, the urinary oestrogen excretion was low and the oestrogenic effect in the vaginal smear was poorly developed, and did not differ from the corresponding values in the control group. Of the various urinary oestrogen values (oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and the sum of these) the total value was found to correlate most obviously with an endometrial oestrogenic effect. A positive correlation was also observed between an oestrogenic effect in the vaginal smear and an endometrial oestrogenic effect.

Sex hormone metabolism and serum lipids in male survivors of myocardial infarction

Summary Following the injection of tritiated 17 β -estradiol into male survivors of myocardial infarction and men apparently free from complications of atherosclerosis, urine was collected and assayed for estrone, 17 β -estradiol, estriol, and 3H associated with these fractions. Estradiol production rate (E 2 PR) was derived. Urinary testosterone, total 17-ketosteroids, serum cholesterol, phospholipid and plasma triglyceride were determined. The survivors of infarction had significantly higher mean cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid than the controls. No significant difference was observed between the control and infarction groups in the urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone and 17-ketosteroids but the coronary patients had a reduced mean E 2 PR. Cholesterol increased with urinary estradiol and E 2 PR in the infarction group and with the E2PR/testosterone ratio in the control group. Phospholipid increased with testosterone, estradiol and E 2 PR in the infarction group. Triglyceride increased with estriol and the sum of the 3 estrogens in the infarction group and with estrone, estradiol, estrone/testosterone ratio and estradiol/testosterone ratio in the control group. The increased serum lipid levels in the infarction group may have contributed to their coronary sclerosis but no evidence that estrogen tended to normalize the serum lipid pattern was obtained.

Estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women with primary and recurrent breast cancer

The basal urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol and estriol and the excretion after loading with estradiol phosphate was studied in postmentopausal women. One group had primary, still untreated breast cancer, the second had recurrence of breast cancer and the third group, the controls, consisted of non-cancerous women. The basal excretion of total estrogens was the lowest in women with primary breast cancer. The estradiol excretion of the cancer patients was smaller than that of the controls. The proportion of estriol, the biologically least active fraction, appeared to increase in cancer patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. The lowest total estrogen levels after the loading test were also observed in patients with primary breast cancer. The same relatively low excretion was recorded for all fractions. The high total estrogen and estriol excretion in the recurrent cases did not differ significantly from the corresponding quantities for healthy women and the tendency to eliminate the exogenous estrogen resembled thus each other in these groups. The increase in estriol excretion of recurrent cases was, however, significantly higher than the respective value by still untreated cancerous patients.

Gonadotrophin stimulation test ovarian function.

Dynamic tests of endocrine function have proved their value in the clinical study of the thyroid and adrenal glands, but their development for the assessment of gonadal function has been inconspicuous. Now that effective means of treating some disorders of ovarian function are available?even if at present only to a limited extent?the reliable determination of ovarian sensitivity to gonadotrophic stimulation has become a matter of practical clinical importance. This is particularly true when treatment with human gonadotrophic preparations is contem plated, not only in order to avoid the wastage of scarce material in cases which could not be expected to respond but also to minimize the real dangers of overstimulation of unduly sensitive ovaries (Mozes et al., 1965). As has been shown by Crooke et al. (1966) the dosage of human follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.) required to produce a positive ovarian response varies in different women over at least an eightfold range. In woman with amenorrhoea it has long been customary to differentiate primary and secondary ovarian failure on the basis of the urinary gonadotrophin excretion, the mouse uterine weight response ( total gonadotrophin ) being the basis of the test most widely used. An increased excretion is interpreted as an indication of intrinsic ovarian failure, the absence of the negative feed-back effect of ovarian oestrogen being the cause of excessive F.S.H. secretion by the pituitary gland ; a low excretion is held to imply secondary failure, the ovary being inadequately stimulated by the deficient pituitary gonadotrophin production. Apart from the inherent defects of this bioassay procedure, which introduce a substantial degree of unreliability as well as inconvenience for general clinical use, determination of urinary gonadotrophin excretion fails to give any idea of whether ovaries which can respond to gonadotrophic stimula tion are sensitive to such stimulation in greater or less degree. We doubt, indeed, whether increased urinary total gonadotro phin necessarily implies ovarian unresponsiveness, and we have good evidence that ovarian unresponsiveness may be found in some patients without increased urinary gonadotrophin excretion, as measured by the mouse uterine weight assay. It was awareness of these needs and drawbacks which persuaded Shearman (1964) to propose the determination of the response of the urinary excretion of oestrone to injections of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (P.M.S.) as a test of ovarian responsiveness to gonadotrophic stimulation in the human female. His brief report showed that in the 18 patients he studied intramuscular injections of 5,000 i.u. daily for three days produced significant rises in urinary oestrone excretion in 13 women with normal ovaries, no response in one patient with ovarian dysgenesis, and elevated responses in four women with polycystic ovaries. These findings suggest that human ovaries respond to P.M.S. in much the same way as they do to human pituitary or menopausal gonadotrophin. Because P.M.S. preparations are marketed, are readily available, and are much cheaper than human gonadotrophic material, their use for testing ovarian responsiveness would clearly be advantageous. The procedure as carried out by Shearman (1964) involved the daily collection of 24-hour urine specimens for eight con secutive days, the first two providing a baseline, and the administration of three daily injections of gonadotrophin. This seemed to us to be too involved for routine clinical use on a wide scale. Moreover, it was not clear whether the peak of oestrone excretion had been reached within the time covered by Shearman's observations, and we therefore undertook a study with a view to evolving, if possible, a simpler procedure, the ultimate objec tive requiring no more than one 24 hour urine collection and a single gonadotrophin injection. In this we believe we have been successful.

Urinary oestrogen excretion after metyrapone administration to patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

SUMMARY The 24 hr. urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol was measured during metyrapone administration in six normal women, four patients with primary amenorrhoea, six patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) and three patients with secondary amenorrhoea. In the six normal women the oestrogen excretion on the first and second day of metyrapone administration did not differ from the control values except for a slight, probably significant, decrease in the excretion of oestradiol on the first day. In the patients with primary and secondary amenorrhoea the results were similar to those in the normal women. In the POS group the urinary excretion of oestrogens increased by 11–120% on the first day of metyrapone administration and by 63–140% on the second day. Studies with metyrapone in three patients with POS during dexamethasone suppression and/or ACTH administration suggest that the increased oestrogen excretion after metyrapone depended on the usual feedback mechanism between the adrenal and the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. Possible reasons for the absence of this increase in the normal subjects are discussed. It is concluded that the abnormal response to metyrapone in patients with the POS was not due to the amenorrhoea per se and the possibility that this response was related to the underlying disorder of POS is considered.

Recurrent jaundice in pregnancy: II. A study of the estrogens and their conjugation in late pregnancy

The excretion of estrogens in the urine of patients with recurrent jaundice of pregnancy was compared with that of normal pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy. In one of the patients with jaundice three estimations in bile and one in blood were carried out and compared with the results in normal subjects. The following estrogens were assayed: estrone, estradiol-17β, estriol, estrone-sulfate, 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate and estriol-3-sulfate. In addition, the conjugation pattern of the estrogens was investigated by dividing the conjugates into two groups by gel filtration (peak I and peak II according to the method of Beling). The present investigation indicates that the urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol-17β and estriol in patients with recurrent jaundice of pregnancy is normal during the icteric phase of the disease. However, significantly smaller amounts of 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate were found in all patients with jaundice and the proportion of estriol-3-sulfate was significantly higher. In addition, it was found that in these patients there was a shift from peak I conjugates to peak II conjugates following gel filtration of the urine samples and that the peak II conjugates contained significantly more of one or several unknown polar estrogens other than estriol. It is concluded that the significant changes in estrogen metabolism found are more likely to be chiefly secondary to the jaundice and impaired enterohepatic circulation of the estrogens than a primary defect bearing a causal relationship to the liver disease.

Human female cycle of urinary oestrone.

THE patterns of urinary oestrone excretion during the human menstrual cycle which have been published1–3 show two pronounced excretion peaks corresponding to ovulation and the luteal maximum which are between 8 and 11 days apart with a mean of 9 days. Despite the imprecision of the assay methods, a very small rise of urinary oestrone excretion could often be observed during menstruation with a peak 8–10 days before the ovulation peak. The development of our specific, more sensitive and precise method for determining urinary oestrone4 led us to the finding of an 8–10 day cycle of this urinary oestrogen in the normal human male, and to the suggestion that the periods of the urinary oestrone cycles in males and females are similar5. We therefore inferred that the normal human menstrual cycle is made up of three distinct urinary oestrone cycles with peaks of excretion between 8 and 11 days apart. The present communication gives the results of an investigation of the urinary oestrone excretion for the human menstrual cycle.

Urinary Excretion of Estrone and of 16-Epi-Estriol Plus 17-Epi-Estriol by the Hen ,

WORK on the urinary conversion products of injected 14C-labeled estrone and estradiol-17β* (MacRae and Common, 1960; Ainsworth et al., 1962) suggested that estrone and estradiol-17β are quantitatively more important urinary estrogens in the hen and that there is less 16-epi-estriol than estrone or estradiol-17β and less estriol than 16-epi-estriol. However, direct quantitative chemical information about estrogen excretion by the hen is comparatively scanty. Common et al. (1965) have reported chemically determined values for daily urinary estrone excretion by four hens. The values (uncorrected for methodological loss) for hens that were not laying were within the range 0.4 μg. to 2.0 μg. per day. The values for two hens during periods of sustained egg-laying were within the range 2.2 μg. to 5.0 μg. per day, and the highest individual values for daily estrone excretion by these two hens (4.7 μg. and 7.5 μg.) were observed 3 to 5 days before the …

A Note on Diurnal Variation of Six-Hour Urinary Estrone Excretion by Laying Hens ,

DAILY urinary estrone excretion by the hen is relatively low before laying begins, rises to attain maximal values shortly before or on the day of oviposition of the first egg, falls to somewhat lower levels during subsequent egg production and drops to very low levels immediately on cessation of laying (Common et al., 1965).These earlier results did not include any observations on possible diurnal variations of estrone excretion by the laying hen. Such observations have now been made and the present communication deals with the estrone content of urine samples collected from two laying hens at successive 6-hour intervals instead of 24-hour intervals.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo Rhode Island Red hens were furnished with exteriorized ureteral openings (Dixon and Wilkinson, 1957; Ainsworth, 1964.). Hen No. 1 had been in lay for some months and at time of experiment she was laying a fairly steady 2-egg sequence. Hen No. 2 …

Effect of 17-alpha-ethynyl-19-nor-testosterone on the urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17-beta and oestriol and of pregnanetriol in normal menstruating women and in oophorectomized patients.

Summary. Treatment of three normally menstruating women with 5 to 10 mg/day `Norlutin' (17α-ethynyl-19-nor-testosterone) for 16 to 20 days caused, in two of them, a decrease of urinary oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol to undetectable levels. In the third case no change was observed in the excretion of the oestrogens, but this result was most probably due to an inadequate analytical procedure. In all three patients the urinary pregnanetriol decreased to about half of the mean level estimated during the respective control menstrual cycles. In three oophorectomized patients no oestrone, oestradiol-17β or oestriol were detected and the level of pregnanetriol was significantly lower than in normally menstruating women. Treatment of these patients with `Norlutin' did not depress further the urinary excretion of pregnanetriol. The results suggest that `Norlutin' inhibits the biosynthesis of the ovarian steroids but has no effect on their biosynthesis in the adrenals. This selective action upon the ovaries may be useful for the evaluation of the ovarian function.

Oestrogens in virilizing adrenal carcinoma.

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, together with total phenolic steroids and 17-ketosteroids, were measured in three patients with virilizing adrenal carcinoma before and after removal of the primary tumour and again after the development of functioning metastasis. The patient who excreted chiefly oestrone had a 10-year survival after removal of the original tumour in spite of the presence of metastases, whereas one of the two subjects who excreted predominantly oestriol died within one year after removal of the primary tumour. In the third case the primary tumour was almost completely necrotic at the time of surgery 4 years ago. Corticotrophin stimulation increased the excretion of the predominant metabolite by the primary tumour, whereas dexamethasone restored a more normal pattern of steroid excretion and reduced the total urinary phenolic steroids. The steroid excretion by the metastases, on the other hand, was not affected by either procedure in 2 cases. In the third patient necrosis and disappearance of liver metastases with a subsequent decrease of urinary steroid excretion was observed following the infusion of corticotrophin.

II. Urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol, and estriol by patients with breast cancer and benign breast disease

The levels of estrogen fractions excreted by patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease are discussed. Urinary estrogen metabolites are an indirect measure of steroids circulating in the vascular system and contained in the hormonal environment. 113 women 55 premenopausal and 58 postmenopausal were studied. Urine specimens from premenopausal women were collected at about Day 10 or Day 20 of the menstrual cycles but no significant difference was found between levels excreted during follicular or luteal phases. Urinary estrone estradiol and estriol fractions were separated chemically and quantified by bioassay. Postmenopausal patients with breast cancer were found to excrete significantly higher levels of estriol and total estrogen than others. In premenopausal women with breast cancer or with benign breast disease the estriol fraction represented a significantly higher proportion of the total estrogen than in control groups.

LACK OF AROMATISATION OF CIRCULATING DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN AMENORRHOEIC WOMEN STIMULATED WITH HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS.

ABSTRACT Two amenorrhoeic women were given a course of 10 injections of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) in daily doses corresponding to 260 IU of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity and 165 IU of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) activity. In both patients an extensive ovarian stimulation was observed as indicated by the greatly increased urinary excretion of oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol. When HMG-treatment was followed subsequently by the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for 5 days in a total dose of 18 000 and 30 000 IU, respectively, functional corpus luteum tissue was formed in both patients as evidenced by a huge rise in urinary pregnane-3α,20α-diol excretion and by the secretory transformation of a previously atrophic endometrium. At the approximate height of the follicular phase tracer doses of 3H-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and 14C-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were administered to both patients in the form of a continuous intravenous infusion of 10 hours' duration. Infusion of the same dose was repeated under identical experimental conditions at the approximate height of the luteal phase. In both patients, very little radioactive material was associated with oestrone and 17β-oestradiol and none with oestriol isolated from 96-hours' urine specimens obtained at both phases of ovarian stimulation. It is concluded that — in contradistinction to the situation in pregnant women — circulating DHAS is not a significant precursor of urinary oestrogens in non-pregnant women.

Urinary Excretion of Oestrone and Oestradiol and of Zimmermann Chromogens in the Sow During Oestrus

By analyses of 24 hrs. urine, the excretion of oestrone and oestradiol and of Zimmermann chromogens, comprizing 17-ketosteroids, was estimated in sows during oestrus. Generally it was found that the excretion of oestrogens increased during vaginal oestrus. The maximal excretion of oestrogens, mean: 95 µg per 24 hrs. (n = 5), occurred at the first day of psychic oestrus. On the following day the mean value was 14 µg per 24 hrs. The decrease in the rate of excretion of oestrogens during the course of psychic oestrus was more pronaunced than the corresponding decrease in the urinary concentration of oestrogens, means: 20 µg to 7 µg per 1, due to appreciable variations in the volume of the 24 hrs. urine during oestrus. The relationships in time between the oestrogen excretion and the vaginal and the psychic oestrus is discussed. The amounts of oestradiol in the urine were relatively small, rarely constituting more than 1/10 of the sum total oestrone and oestradiol. The excretion of oestradiol was demonstrated to increase appreciably during oestrus except in one animal which, despite development of hyperemia and edema of the vulva, failed to come into psychic oestrus. Large variations were found in the excretion of Zimmermann chromogens (expressed as equivalents of dehydroepiandrosterone: 1 to 9 mg per 24 hrs.) but these appeared to occur independently of the variations in the excretion of oestrogens.

Urinary Excretion of Estrone, Estradiol and Estriol by Patients with Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Urinary Excretion of Estrone, Estradiol and Estriol by Patients with Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Urinary Excretion of Neutral 17-ketosteroids and Pregnanediol by Patients with Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1965Urinary Excretion of Neutral 17-ketosteroids and Pregnanediol by Patients with Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Jessie Marmorston, Louis J. Lombardo, Sara M. Myers, Hyman Gierson, Elizabeth Stern, and Carl E. Hopkins Jessie MarmorstonJessie Marmorston More articles by this author , Louis J. LombardoLouis J. Lombardo More articles by this author , Sara M. MyersSara M. Myers More articles by this author , Hyman GiersonHyman Gierson More articles by this author , Elizabeth SternElizabeth Stern School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. More articles by this author , and Carl E. HopkinsCarl E. Hopkins More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63759-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1965 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByMatzkin H and Braf Z (2018) Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms in the Genitourinary Tract: Occurrence and EtiologyJournal of Urology, VOL. 142, NO. 1, (1-12), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1989.Narayan P, Jajodia P, Stein R and Tanagho E (2018) A Comparison of Fine Needle Aspiration and Core Biopsy in Diagnosis and Preoperative Grading of Prostate CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 141, NO. 3 Part 1, (560-563), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1989.Isurugi K (2018) Plasma Testosterone Production Rates in Patients with Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic HypertrophyJournal of Urology, VOL. 97, NO. 5, (903-908), Online publication date: 1-May-1967.Marmorston J, Lombardo L, Myers S, Gierson H, Stern E and Hopkins C (2018) Urinary Excretion of Estrone, Estradiol and Estriol by Patients with Prostatic Cancer and Benign Prostatic HypertrophyJournal of Urology, VOL. 93, NO. 2, (287-295), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1965. Volume 93Issue 2February 1965Page: 276-286 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1965 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Jessie Marmorston More articles by this author Louis J. Lombardo More articles by this author Sara M. Myers More articles by this author Hyman Gierson More articles by this author Elizabeth Stern School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. More articles by this author Carl E. Hopkins More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTROGENS IN RHESUS MONKEYS.

Two groups of female rhesus monkeys, one consisting of five normally menstruating animals and the other comprising three animals in the last month of pregnancy, were used to follow the urinary excretion of oestrogens. In view of the observations of Short & Eckstein (1961) that oestriol appeared to be absent in the urine of pregnant monkeys it was decided to study the urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol in both non-pregnant and pregnant monkeys. Brown's method (Brown, 1955) for the estimation of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol was adapted to monkey urine. It consisted of hydrolysis with HCl of a 24-hr. sample of urine, extraction and separation into oestrone plus oestradiol-17β (fraction I) and oestriol (fraction II) and methylation of the two fractions as described by Brown (1955). The methylated fractions I from 24-hr. urine samples of 3 consecutive days, treated as described above, were pooled and chromatographed on alumina

THE EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN NORMAL MEN

SUMMARY The effect of clomiphene on hormone excretion in four normal males has been investigated. In all subjects there was a marked rise in the urinary excretion of oestrone and oestradiol both during and after administration of the drug. The rise in oestrone excretion preceded and was more marked than the increase in oestriol output. All subjects showed an increase in total 17-oxosteroid excretion during and after clomiphene administration. This was associated with a rise in the output of dehydroepiandrosterone in 2 of the 4 men studied. The effect of clomiphene on steroid output occurred without any consistent change in the pattern of urinary gonadotrophin excretion.

OOPHORECTOMY AND CORTISONE TREATMENT AS A METHOD OF ELIMINATING OESTROGEN PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER.

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β, oestriol, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids has been estimated in 55 premenopausal and 91 postmenopausal women with breast cancer at various stages of the disease before therapy. The depletion of oestrogen excretion caused by oophorectomy combined with cortisone treatment was studied in the patients with metastasising breast tumours (32 premenopausal and 56 postmenopausal subjects). Patients with disseminating breast cancer excreted significantly larger quantities of oestriol than healthy women of the same age, whether preor postmenopausal. The excretion of oestrone and oestradiol-17β was similar in cancer patients and healthy women of corresponding age. Oophorectomy reduced the oestrogen excretion not only in premenopausal subjects but also in quite a number of postmenopausal patients, particularly in those who were still excreting significant amounts of oestrogens. This decrease in the oestrogen output was transient and was followed by a compensatory increase, possibly of adrenal origin. Cortisone administered within a month after the oophorectomy at a dosage of 50 mg per day rapidly depressed the secondary rise in the oestrogen output to a level of about 4 to 5 μg/24 h irrespective of the age of the patient. This excretion level was unchanged as long as cortisone was given in an adequate dose, but increased rapidly when the cortisone treatment was discontinued. Oophorectomy combined with adequate cortisone treatment seems to offer an alternative to the extensive surgical procedures undertaken to eliminate oestrogen production in breast cancer patients.