Rupture Of Urinary Bladder Research Articles

Study to evaluate the outcome of soft tissue reconstruction in case of open tibia fractures

Aim: to evaluate the outcome of soft tissue reconstruction in case of open tibia fractures.Materials and Methods: This is prospective study of minimum 30 patients admitted to East point College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre. Thorough local examination of injured limb was done and fracture graded according to Gustilos grading of fracture. Post debridement grading and radiological evaluation of fracture was recorded. Wound management was decided as per the condition of the patient and wound contamination-acute (6 weeks). Fracture management included external fixation, IM fixation, plate fixation (Internal fixation), limited internal fixation-pin/K-wire/Screws, and pin plaster. Type of coverage was planned-Split thickness skin grafting; fasciocutaneous flap, Muscle flap and SSG. Results: Majority of the patients were found in age group between 21-30 years and least was in the age group of below 10 years. It was observed that majority of patients in our study were male (86.66%). RTA was the main mode of injury with 27 cases (90%). Out of 15 patients, 4 had head injury (13.33%), 5 had blunt abdomen trauma (16.66%), 4 patients had both head injury and blunt abdomen trauma (13.33%) and 2 patients had urinary bladder rupture (6.66%). Oblique fracture was found in 15 patients (50%), spiral in 10 cases (33.33%) and comminuted fracture in 5 cases (16.66%). Majority of patients underwent external fixation i.e. 17 cases (56.66%) followed by Internal fixation i.e.11 cases (36.66%). In this study excellent results were observed in 23 cases (76.66%), good in 5 cases (16.66%) and poor in 2 cases (6.66%).Conclusion: Early soft tissue coverage in the acute phase (1-6 days) should be the priority in order to prevent bacterial colonisation especially hospital acquired; wound desiccation, sequestration of the exposed bone. External fixation should be contemplated in highly comminuted fractures with severe contamination and when wound closure is not possible.

Spontaneous Rupture of Urinary Bladder with Vesicocutaneous Fistula in a HIV Positive Female: Case Report

Spontaneous Rupture of Urinary Bladder with Vesicocutaneous Fistula in a HIV Positive Female: Case Report

Laparoscopic closure of an urinary bladder rupture in a Thoroughbred mare

Laparoscopic closure of an urinary bladder rupture in a Thoroughbred mare

The 3 cases of urinary bladder rupture with pseudo renal failure

The 3 cases of urinary bladder rupture with pseudo renal failure

Report of urinary bladder rupture following obstructive urolithiasis in rams of Romanov sheep flock

A 4-year old Romanov ram with a history of anorexia, severe depression, and anuria for 4 days was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Lorestan University. In the clinical examinations of the ram, no penile protrusion from prepuce, pain, straining; decreased body temperature; and increased heart rate and respiration rate were observed. For further evaluation, the blood sample was taken, and ultrasound of the abdominal area and ultrasound-guided cystocentesis were performed. The results indicated dehydration; leukocytosis; increased serum urea, creatinine, magnesium, and cholesterol; and decreased serum calcium concentrations. The ultra-sonographic findings demonstrated that the bladder was swollen and full of urine, however, without rupture. Despite the treatment, the ram was culled after 5 days and necropsy for investigating macroscopic changes, and tissue sampling was done. Macroscopic examination indicated a fibrinopurulent layer around the right kidney, and jagged stones with various sizes and shapes in the kidney and urinary tract were observed. Microscopic results showed atrophy and degeneration of renal tubules, destruction of tubules and glomeruli, fibrosis of the kidney, and increase in the thickness of the bladder wall.

Spontaneous rupture of neurogenic bladder

Pneumoperitoneum is abnormal presence of air or any other gas in the peritoneal cavity. This finding can be both benign or a sign of a grave underlying pathology and a wide spectrum of clinical conditions can attribute to the finding. Prompt clinical examination of a case of abdominal pain can identify findings of peritonitis. We are reporting an interesting case report about a patient of acute abdomen with pneumoperitoneum and peritonitis which was caused by spontaneous rupture of urinary bladder. A 36-year-old male, came with complaints of abdominal pain for one day, two episodes of non-bilious vomiting. He was a known case of neurogenic bladder on continuous bladder drainage. Systemic examination of the abdomen showed warmth, diffuse tenderness, guarding and absent bowel sounds. Bladder catheterisation showed clear urine. On investigation, He had pneumoperitoneum in chest X-ray and free fluid in ultrasonography. A clinical diagnosis of hollow viscus perforation was made and emergency laparotomy was done in view of signs of peritonitis. There was rupture of the dome of urinary bladder with necrosis of the bladder wall and extravasation of urine into the peritoneal cavity. This rare presentation should remind us to keep all the differential diagnoses in mind while opening a case of perforation peritonitis as timely intervention can well and truly be the difference between life and death.

Idiopathic urinary bladder rupture in two mares

Urinary bladder rupture is rarely reported in adult horses and is usually associated with parturition, history of traumaor urethral obstruction. This paper reports two cases in mares free of these predisposing factors, diagnosed throughclinical manifestations, abdominal ultrasound and abdominocentesis, corrected by cystorrhaphy through laparotomy.While recovery was satisfactory in one case, the other case had complications in celiorraphy such as development ofincisional hernia, small colon eventration and intestinal adherences, opting by the euthanasia of the animal. These reportsare important because of the rarity with which they occur in adult mares. The different prognoses may be related to theseverity of each case, according to the location and extension of the wound, which directly or indirectly influence thetechnique and recovery of the animals.

Urinary bladder rupture secondary to indwelling catheterisation: two case reports

Urinary bladder rupture secondary to indwelling catheterisation: two case reports

Mumurshiyam of Bhela Indriya Sthana: An Explorative Study

Similar to “Agnivesha tantra” (popularly known as “Charaka samhita”), “Maharshi Bhela” has composed an Ayurvedic treatise known as “Bhela samhita.” Bhela samhita consists of 8 sections (sthana) and 120 chapters (adhyaya). “Indriya sthana” is one of the eight sections of “Bhela samhita” and it comprises 12 chapters. “Bhela Indriya sthana” deals with estimating life span and various prognostic aspects. “Mumurshurindriyam” is the third chapter of “Bhela indriya sthana.” The word “mumurshu” denotes a dying person and the chapter “mumurshurindriyam” contains the description of various signs and symptoms seen in the patients with terminal illness or end-of-life stages. Although previous works have explored “Charaka indriya sthana,” studies on “Bhela indriya sthana” are lacking. The present work is aimed to explore the contents of “Mumurshurindriyam” (third chapter) of “Bhela indriya sthana.” “Murmushurindriyam” chapter contains the description of conditions which are commonly seen during end-of-life stages. Various concepts/conditions such as end-of-life dreams and visions, deathbed communications, near death experiences, out-of-body experiences, visual hallucinations, delusions, dementia, delirium, organic psychosis, central auditory perception disorder, age-related hearing loss, late life psychosis, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, end-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, central diabetes insipidus, spontaneous rupture of urinary bladder, myiasis, and medical etiquette are documented in this chapter by “Maharshi Bhela.” “Maharshi Bhela” has provided a list of signs and symptoms or clinical features in this chapter based on which questionnaire or screening methods can be developed, which can be used in prognostic research. Further research is required to substantiate the claims made in this chapter. The present study paves the path for future research directions.

A rare case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of urinary bladder after normal delivery

We report an uncommon case of postpartum women, who presented to us 20 days after a normal delivery with anuria, abdominal pain & distension, huge ascites and renal failure. Which on evaluation and emergency laparotomy was found to be due an intraperitoneal tear of bladder probably that has happened during a vaginal delivery with a full bladder. Purulent urine in the peritoneal cavity was suctioned, a thorough lavage was done and the tear in the dome of the bladder was repaired with vicryl 3.0 in 2 layer followed which she was kept on continous drainage of bladder for 3 wks. This is an absolutely preventable condition, provided proper care was taken in second stage by emptying the bladder. High index of suspicion and prompt diagnosis could have reduced the suffering, psychological trauma, financial burden and most importantly the morbidity in this case. Keywords: Bladder rupture, Urinary ascites, Vaginal delivery, Bladder repair, Puerperium.

Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

ABSTRACT: Obstructive urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of uroliths in the urinary tract, with consequent obstruction of excretion pathways. This paper described the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings of 22 outbreaks of urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs in Southern Brazil. All affected pigs were male and clinical presentation consisted of lethargy, dysuria, rectal prolapse, abdominal distention, peripheral cyanosis and reluctance to move. Clinical progression course ranged from 12 hours to one week, and the lethality rate was 100%. Gross changes were characterized by urinary bladder rupture associated with marked amount of yellowish liquid with ammoniacal odor (urine) in the abdominal cavity (uroperitoneum), as well as mild fibrin deposition on the surface of abdominal organs and hydronephrosis. Urinary uroliths ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter were often observed obstructing the lumen of the penile urethra and sometimes those were free in the abdominal cavity. Histopathological findings included diffuse and marked urinary bladder edema and hemorrhage associated with inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Diffuse and marked necrosis of the mucosal epithelium was observed in the penile urethra. Intense fibrin deposition and inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils were noted in the peritoneum, as well as in the serosa of the organs in the abdominal cavity. Uroliths were submitted to the method of qualitative determination of the mineral components, and were compatible with calcium carbonate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. Growing pigs ration analysis revealed low levels of calcium in relation to phosphorus, resulting in a Ca:P ratio of approximately 0.35:1. Histological findings and mineral analysis suggest that outbreaks of urolithiasis were related to a nutritional imbalance in the proportions of dietary calcium and phosphorus. The main cause of mortality was related to dehydration and uroperitoneum.

Intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture diagnosed with ultrasound: An uncommon image

We present a case of intraperitoneal bladder rupture after fall. The patient presented with lower abdominal pain, difficulty to void urine, and mild hematuria. Catheterization revealed blood-tinged urine. Ultrasound showed a well-defined defect in the dome of bladder with flow of saline through the defect into the peritoneum, on flushing the Foley's catheter. On laparotomy, a 5 cm × 5 cm defect was found in the bladder dome that was repaired.

Spontanous Urinary Bladder Rupture and Urosepsis in Patient with Paraplegia

Spontanous Urinary Bladder Rupture and Urosepsis in Patient with Paraplegia

Abdominal Pain, Hyperkalemia, and Elevated Creatinine after Blunt Trauma: Bladder Rupture and Pseudo–Acute-Kidney-Injury.

A 40-year-old man involved in trauma presented with abdominal pain and ascites. He was referred to nephrology for elevated creatinine and hyperkalemia. Initial imaging showed diffuse free fluid in the abdomen and pelvis without solid organ injury. Paracentesis drained 1.5L of yellow fluid notable for a creatinine of 2259 μmol/L. Intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture was diagnosed and surgically repaired. Within 24 hours, creatinine had normalized consistent with a presentation of pseudo-acute-kidney-injury. This case and a literature review reveals that this condition is often delayed in diagnosis or misdiagnosed altogether.

Advanced Atrio-Ventricular Blocks in a Foal Undergoing Surgical Bladder Repair: First Step to Cardiac Arrest?

A 3-day-old Swiss Warmblood colt was diagnosed with uroabdomen after urinary bladder rupture. The foal had classical electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hypochloremia and hyperkalemia) on presentation. The foal was supported prior to surgery with intravenous fluids and the electrolyte abnormalities were treated with physiologic saline, glucose and insulin. Urine could not be drained from the abdomen prior to surgery because the omentum was continuously occluding the drainage cannula and due to progressive abdominal distension, it was decided to pursue surgery without further correction of electrolyte abnormalities. After induction of anaesthesia, signs of hypoxemia were present. Controlled mandatory ventilation using a pressure-controlled ventilation mode with positive end-expiratory pressure was initiated. Urine was drained from the abdomen by free flow. Atrio-ventricular (AV) blocks unresponsive to intravenous antimuscarinic drugs developed. After low dose of epinephrine and cardiac massage, sinus rhythm was restored. Surgery was completed successfully and the foal recovered from anaesthesia. The postoperative period was uneventful and the foal was discharged from the hospital three days later. Based on a clinical case, the purpose of the manuscript is to provide the clinician with potential causes, prevention and treatment of this already known but rarely observed dysrhythmia which could lead to fatal consequences. Definitions of cardiac arrest and asystole are reappraised. We discuss the fact that advanced AV-blocks should be treated as a cardiovascular emergency with advanced life support. The early recognition of advanced AV blocks is the first step to reduce perioperative mortality and morbidity of foal suffering from uroabdomen.

An uncommon case of intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture in an adult with pelvic bone fracture

Injury of urinary bladder can occur due to blunt, penetrating, or iatrogenic trauma. Here, author present an uncommon case of Intraperitoneal bladder rupture in an adult patient with associated pelvic bone fracture. Following a fall from his house, a 40 years old male patient presented with haematuria and abdominal pain. CT scan of abdomen revealed Intraperitoneal bladder rupture with pelvic bone fracture. Intraoperative findings revealed intraperitoneal rupture of bladder with a defect in dome region. It was repaired with Vicryl 2-0 suture. So, a high degree of suspicion of intraperitoneal bladder rupture should be kept in mind even though it has associated pelvic bone fracture in an adult patient.

A case of rupture of urinary bladder diagnosed on the basis of the presence of mesothelial cells in urine sediments

A case of rupture of urinary bladder diagnosed on the basis of the presence of mesothelial cells in urine sediments

Management of Urinary Tract Injuries Following Total Hysterectomy

Objective: This study elaborated on the clinical experience of patients who underwent urologic management due to urologic complications after receiving a total hysterectomy at a regional hospital. Materials and methods: A total of 696 female patients received the four types of total hysterectomy including total abdominal hysterectomy, transvaginal hysterectomy, lapaparoscopic hysterectomy or robotic hysterectomy for variant gynecologic pathologies. Only 22 cases (3.2%) had urologic procedures performed during or after the operations from 2012/1/1 to 2016/6/30. Results: Of the 22 cases, thirteen (1.9%) received a series of conservative managements only, including cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, endoscopic ureterotomy, ureteral catheterization or double J stenting during the follow-up period. Nine more complicated cases (1.3%) eventually had definitive management, including repair of the urinary bladder rupture, repair of the vesicovaginal fistula, ureteroureterostomy or ureteroneocystostomy. However, five of these nine cases had both conservative and definitive management. The mean delay interval between the initial management and gynecologic procedure was 19.3 days. For definitive management and the gynecologic procedure, the period was 52.8 days. Conclusions: Compared to previous studies, the incidence of urologic injuries following a total hysterectomy in our hospital was similar. From the paper review, it seems early recognition does not improve the outcome but we found a 100% good outcome in patients with definitive management. Copyright © 2017, Taiwan Urological Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Management of urinary tract injuries following total hysterectomy—A single hospital experience

ObjectiveThis study elaborated on the clinical experience of patients who underwent urologic management due to urologic complications after receiving a total hysterectomy at a regional hospital. Materials and methodsA total of 696 female patients received the four types of total hysterectomy including total abdominal hysterectomy, transvaginal hysterectomy, lapaparoscopic hysterectomy or robotic hysterectomy for variant gynecologic pathologies. Only 22 cases (3.2%) had urologic procedures performed during or after the operations from 2012/1/1 to 2016/6/30. ResultsOf the 22 cases, thirteen (1.9%) received a series of conservative managements only, including cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, endoscopic ureterotomy, ureteral catheterization or double J stenting during the follow-up period. Nine more complicated cases (1.3%) eventually had definitive management, including repair of the urinary bladder rupture, repair of the vesicovaginal fistula, ureteroureterostomy or ureteroneocystostomy. However, five of these nine cases had both conservative and definitive management. The mean delay interval between the initial management and gynecologic procedure was 19.3 days. For definitive management and the gynecologic procedure, the period was 52.8 days. ConclusionsCompared to previous studies, the incidence of urologic injuries following a total hysterectomy in our hospital was similar. From the paper review, it seems early recognition does not improve the outcome but we found a 100% good outcome in patients with definitive management.

壊死性膀胱炎により膀胱破裂をきたした維持血液透析患者の1例

壊死性膀胱炎により膀胱破裂をきたした維持血液透析患者の1例