Urgent Ones Research Articles

Управление горнопромышленными отходами арктических промышленных предприятий: охрана окружающей среды и экономика производства

The problems of mining waste management at industrial enterprises and increasing the economy of production are among the most urgent ones, especially for the Arctic ecosystems, characterized by high sensitivity to external factors and the complexity of recovery. The research was conducted on the example of large industrial corporations directly operating in the Arctic, including PJSC PhosAgro, PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, Severstal Resource division of PJSC Severstal and PJSC NOVATEK. The key indicators related to waste management for 20182022 were analyzed. The trend of increasing volumes of mining waste in the Arctic was revealed, while the level of its utilization remained practically unchanged. It is proposed to intensify scientific research in the field of rational use of mining waste and to develop technologies for their processing, taking into account the impact on the Arctic ecosystems. It is suggested to create research and production centers for each industrial enterprise using the experience of the balanced “triple helix” model. It is recommended to actively participate in the Interdepartmental Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the development of the mineral resource base and its rational use, created in 2023, to develop the scientific foundations for the extraction and processing of minerals and accelerate import substitution.

Factors affecting endoscopic third ventriculostomy success in adults.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a standard treatment in hydrocephalus of certain aetiologies. The most widely used predictive model is the ETV success score. This is frequently used to predict outcomes following ETV in adult patients; however, this was a model developed in paediatric patients with often distinct aetiologies of hydrocephalus. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of the model and to identify factors that influence ETV outcomes in adults. A retrospective study design was used to analyse consecutive patients who underwent ETV at a tertiary neurosurgical centre between 2012 and 2020. Observed ETV outcomes at 6months were compared to pre-operative predicted ETV success scores. A multivariable Bayesian logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors that best predicted ETV success and those factors that were redundant. A total of 136 patients were analysed during the 9-year study. Thirty-one patients underwent further cerebrospinal fluid diversion within 6months. The overall ETV success rate was 77%. Observed ETV outcomes corresponded well with predicted outcomes using the ETV success score for the higher scores, but less well for lower scores. Location of obstruction at the aqueduct irrespective of aetiology was the best predictor of success with odds of 1.65 of success. Elective procedures were also associated with higher success compared to urgent ones, whereas age under 70, nature and location of obstructive lesion (other than aqueductal) did not influence ETV success. ETV was successful in three-quarters of adult patient with hydrocephalus within 6months. Obstruction at the level of the aqueduct of any aetiology was a good predictor of ETV success. Clinicians should bear in mind that adult hydrocephalus responds differently to ETV compared to paediatric hydrocephalus, and more research is required to develop and validate an adult-specific predictive tool.

Task‐based preemptive scheduling on FPGAs leveraging partial reconfiguration

SummaryField‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are an attractive type of accelerator for all‐purpose high performance computing computing systems due to the possibility of deploying tailored hardware on demand. However, the common tools for programming and operating FPGAs are still complex to use, especially in scenarios where diverse types of tasks should be dynamically executed. In this work, we present a programming abstraction with a simple interface that internally leverages high‐level synthesis, dynamic partial reconfiguration and synchronization mechanisms to use an FPGA as a multi‐tasking server with preemptive scheduling and priority queues. This leads to an improved use of the FPGA resources, allowing the execution of several different kernels concurrently and deploying the most urgent ones as fast as possible. The results of our experimental study show that our approach incurs only a 10 5% overhead in the worst case when using two reconfigurable regions, whilst providing a significant performance improvement of at least 24 21% over the traditional full reconfiguration approach.

Automatic software vulnerability assessment by extracting vulnerability elements

Software vulnerabilities take threats to software security. When faced with multiple software vulnerabilities, the most urgent ones need to be fixed first. Therefore, it is critical to assess the severity of vulnerabilities in advance. However, increasing number of vulnerability descriptions do not use templates, which reduces the performance of the existing software vulnerability assessment approaches. In this paper, we propose an automated vulnerability assessment approach that using vulnerability elements for predicting the severity of six vulnerability metrics (i.e., Access Vector, Access Complexity, Authentication, Confidentiality Impact, Integrity Impact and Availability Impact). First, we use BERT-MRC to extract vulnerability elements from vulnerability descriptions. Second, we assess six metrics using vulnerability elements instead of full descriptions. We conducted experiments on our manually labeled dataset. The experimental results show that our approach has an improvement of 12.03%, 14.37%, and 38.65% on Accuracy over three baselines.

New weighted BERT features and multi-CNN models to enhance the performance of MOOC posts classification

Learning is an essential requirement for humans, and its means have evolved. Ten years ago, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) were introduced, attracting many interests and learners. MOOCs provide forums for learners to interact with instructors and to express any problems they encounter in the educational process. However, MOOCs have a high dropout rate due to the difficulties of following up on learners' posts and identifying the urgent ones to react quickly. This research aims to assist instructors in automatically identifying urgent posts, making it easier to respond to such posts rapidly, increasing learner engagement, and improving course completion rate. In this paper, we propose a novel classification model for identifying urgent posts. The proposed model consists of four stages. In the first stage, the post-text is code-encoded and vectorized using a pre-trained BERT model. In the second stage, a novel feature aggregation model is proposed to reveal data-based relationships between token features and their representation in a higher-level feature. In the third stage, a novel model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to reveal the meaning of a text context more accurately. In the last stage, the extracted composite features are used to classify the text of the post. Several experimental studies were conducted to get the best performance of the proposed stages of the system. The experimental results demonstrated the architectural efficiency of the proposed feature aggregation and multiple CNN models, as well as the accuracy of the proposed system compared to the current research.

Fast Full-Resolution Target-Adaptive CNN-Based Pansharpening Framework

In the last few years, there has been a renewed interest in data fusion techniques, and, in particular, in pansharpening due to a paradigm shift from model-based to data-driven approaches, supported by the recent advances in deep learning. Although a plethora of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for pansharpening have been devised, some fundamental issues still wait for answers. Among these, cross-scale and cross-datasets generalization capabilities are probably the most urgent ones since most of the current networks are trained at a different scale (reduced-resolution), and, in general, they are well-fitted on some datasets but fail on others. A recent attempt to address both these issues leverages on a target-adaptive inference scheme operating with a suitable full-resolution loss. On the downside, such an approach pays an additional computational overhead due to the adaptation phase. In this work, we propose a variant of this method with an effective target-adaptation scheme that allows for the reduction in inference time by a factor of ten, on average, without accuracy loss. A wide set of experiments carried out on three different datasets, GeoEye-1, WorldView-2 and WorldView-3, prove the computational gain obtained while keeping top accuracy scores compared to state-of-the-art methods, both model-based and deep-learning ones. The generality of the proposed solution has also been validated, applying the new adaptation framework to different CNN models.

América Latina en la gobernanza del Antropoceno: desafíos y propuestas

The Earth system has entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, marked by a more unstable, uncertain and risky environment for life on the planet. Human action has been the main cause of this environmental crisis, whose governance demands greater cooperation between societies and States, as well as a new structure of priorities of individual and collective behavior, that is, an Anthropocene morality. In this context, the article seeks, firstly, to identify the main Latin American socio-environmental challenges in the Anthropocene; secondly, to analyze how and to what extent regional governments respond, and, thirdly, to identify areas of potential cooperation, prioritizing the most urgent ones, as well as socioeconomic opportunities. The focus is placed on issues related to climate change, which is the most relevant challenge and connects with all environmental and political problems.

Переход «школа-вуз»: человеческий капитал vs социальное неравенство

In the article, the author analyzes the social impact of the institutional transformation of the transition from secondary to higher education (the introduction of the Unified State Exam), taking place against the backdrop of an increasing stratification of educational organizations and programs of secondary and higher education. This leads to the reproduction of former and the manifestation of new forms of social inequality and territorial and settlement restrictions in access to higher education, which differs in terms of the quality and future economic benefits in the labor market. The data of statistics and sociological surveys show that two types of educational trajectories have developed. Graduation from high school, the use of the USE and enrollment in full-time education, especially in selective universities, is typical mainly for people from upper and middle strata. Completion of the 9th grade, intermediate studies in secondary vocational education and admission (bypassing the USE) to correspondence courses are much more common for representatives of families with reduced economic and sociocultural resources. Differences in the material and sociocultural status of the families of students and young people, which significantly determine the chances of access to a stratified higher school, are multiplying by interregional and settlement heterogeneity. As a result, the motivation and opportunities for obtaining higher education (valued by the labor market) among young people from low-resource families, small settlements, and remote territories are declining, and their push into the vocational education sector has been intensifying in recent years. All this leads to the deformation of the social function of higher education as an institution, the purpose of which is to form (based on natural abilities and cognition) the intellectual potential of society, capable of responding to various social challenges, including those urgent ones that have arisen before our country.

From secondary to higher school: institutional transformations and social consequence

The author analyzes the social impact of the institutional transformation of the transition from secondary to higher education (the Unified State Exam), taking place against the backdrop of an increasing stratification of educational organizations and programs of secondary and higher education. This leads to the reproduction of former and the manifestation of new forms of social inequality and territorial and settlement restrictions in access to higher education, which differs in terms of the quality and future economic benefits in the labor market. The data of statistics and sociological surveys show that two types of educational trajectories have developed. Graduation from high school, the use of the USE and enrollment in full-time education, especially in selective universities, is typical mainly for people from upper and middle strata. Completion of the 9th grade, intermediate studies in secondary vocational education and admission (bypassing the USE) to correspondence courses are much more common for representatives of families with reduced economic and sociocultural resources. Differences in the material and sociocultural status of the families of students and young people, which significantly determine the chances of access to a stratified higher school, are multiplying by interregional and settlement heterogeneity. As a result, the motivation and opportunities for obtaining higher education (valued by the labor market) among young people from low-resource families, small settlements, and remote territories are declining, and their push into the vocational education sector has been intensifying in recent years. All this leads to the deformation of the social function of higher education as an institution, the purpose of which is to form (based on natural abilities and cognition) the intellectual potential of society, capable of responding to various social challenges, including those urgent ones that have arisen before our country.

Роль масс-медиа в социализации личности и поколений (по социологическим материалам)

The problem of socialization of the individual and generations is one of the most urgent ones. The influence of mass media is associated with certain challenges and risks for society and individuals, especially in relation to socially insufficiently mature children, adolescents and youth. It is in the young age that individuals go through the most crucial stage of socialization and the formation of a socially mature personality. The respondents’ responses acknowledge the tendency of weakening the role of the family and strengthening the role of the media in the upbringing of children, adolescents and young people as they grow up. Sociological materials show that various mass media play an increasingly important role in “socializing interactions” – not only positive, but also negative. It is regrettable that the media pays little attention to the formation of important social qualities of a positive character in people. Society and the state have the right to expect from the mass media a socially responsible position, respectively, active and purposeful participation in the positive socialization of young generations.

Convolutional Neural Network-Based Automatic Analysis of Chest Radiographs for the Detection of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Prioritizing Tool in the Emergency Department, Phase I Study and Preliminary "Real Life" Results.

The aim of our study is the development of an automatic tool for the prioritization of COVID-19 diagnostic workflow in the emergency department by analyzing chest X-rays (CXRs). The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based method we propose has been tested retrospectively on a single-center set of 542 CXRs evaluated by experienced radiologists. The SARS-CoV-2 positive dataset (n = 234) consists of CXRs collected between March and April 2020, with the COVID-19 infection being confirmed by an RT-PCR test within 24 h. The SARS-CoV-2 negative dataset (n = 308) includes CXRs from 2019, therefore prior to the pandemic. For each image, the CNN computes COVID-19 risk indicators, identifying COVID-19 cases and prioritizing the urgent ones. After installing the software into the hospital RIS, a preliminary comparison between local daily COVID-19 cases and predicted risk indicators for 2918 CXRs in the same period was performed. Significant improvements were obtained for both prioritization and identification using the proposed method. Mean Average Precision (MAP) increased (p < 1.21 × 10−21 from 43.79% with random sorting to 71.75% with our method. CNN sensitivity was 78.23%, higher than radiologists’ 61.1%; specificity was 64.20%. In the real-life setting, this method had a correlation of 0.873. The proposed CNN-based system effectively prioritizes CXRs according to COVID-19 risk in an experimental setting; preliminary real-life results revealed high concordance with local pandemic incidence.

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of paediatric patients admitted to a neuropsychiatric care hospital in the COVID-19 era

BackgroundSince the first months of 2020, Italy and the world have been facing the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the dangerous and potentially deadly effects on physical health, it has caused a radical change in the lifestyle of the population and a potential danger for mental health too. These events were inserted into the context of a growing epidemiological trend regarding children’s psychiatric disorders in the past decade.AimTo study the population of patients admitted to a Neuropsychiatric Hospital Unit of North Italy in the first COVID-19 year, comparing them with the population of patients hospitalised during the year immediately before, according to sociodemographic and clinical variables.MethodologyThe study is an observational retrospective cohort. In total, 198 patients hospitalised due to neuropsychiatric problems from February 2019 to March 2021 were recruited. Data were analysed through mean and standard deviation, t-test, percentages, chi square test, and the Fischer exact test.ResultsRisk factors associated with mental health disorders were similar between the two years. The hospitalisation modality showed a decrease in scheduled hospitalisations compared to urgent ones, and among the reasons that led patients to hospitalisation there was a conspicuous increase in eating disorders. More suicidal and self-harming behaviours occurred in the COVID-19 group too, compared to the previous year. The methods used to attempt suicide were changed considerably, with a prevalence of that attempted within the home. Changes in pharmacological therapies also occurred, necessary for more than 80% of inpatients during the COVID year, with a greater use of neuroleptics. There were alarming data about hospitalisation relapses, which increased from 12.2% in the pre-COVID year to 35.0% in the COVID year.ConclusionData shed light on clinical and policy issues in mental health care during the developmental age. Since the COVID-19 health emergency is not yet over, and its effects, especially on mental health, will be long-term, it is necessary to implement services and activities dedicated to both primary and secondary prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases especially during adolescent ages.

Страны Западного полушария и глобальная продовольственная проблема: состояние и перспективы

The modern civilization has faced a number of problems of a planetary scale, and not only its condition, but, perhaps, its very existence will depend on solving these problems. One of the most urgent ones is the global food problem (GFP) – the ability of humanity to provide itself with sufficient food while fulfilling a number of related conditions within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The article examines the state and possibility of solving the GFP in the Western Hemisphere, both in the region as a whole and in the context of individual countries. Following the structure of the GFP factors, the availability of natural resources for agricultural purposes, as well as the volume and sectoral structure of production of main agricultural products are analyzed. The author assesses the near-term prospects of the possibility of providing the population of individual countries with sufficient food by using model calculations that depend on two factors: availability of arable land and economic well-being (per capita GDP). Special attention is also paid to the analysis of the environmental aspect of the GFP, in assessing both the current state of the problem in the region and the prospects for its solution. This factor is seen as one of the keys to development of food systems in several Latin American countries. Certain attention is also paid to some "new" GFP factors, such as the problem of food losses (quite relevant for developed countries, especially for the United States), as well as logistics. Disruptions of logistical chains during market shocks (for example, during the COVID-19 pandemic) has posed a major problem for countries with highly developed food markets. In conclusion, the region's overall position in the global food system is seen as quite strong. At the same time, the differences between some countries on a number of indicators that determine the level of food security is very significant. Thus, the region’s prospects in terms of solving the GPP will largely depend on the ability/determination of individual countries to offset the negative impact of a number of GFP factors.

Assigning green hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic assure continuous and safe resumption of surgical services

BackgroundCoronavirus 19 pandemic impacted the health system with more pressure on the critical areas, leading to direct manpower working in the Operating Room to help treat this new problem by postponing elective surgical cases and affecting some urgent ones. However, elective surgical services start to recover by establishing one or more hospitals that deal with COVID-19 free patients (green hospital) in each area with a dedicated one to treat COVID19 cases. Our research shows if this model's application assures safe and continued recovery of surgical services to reach the level before the pandemic. This study aimed to explore if assigning a green hospital to assure safe and continuous resumption of surgical services during a pandemic. MethodsThis study used a multicenter, national, quasi-experimental, post-test-only control group design. All hospitals assigned at least one hospital as a green hospital (COVID-19 free hospital) in the northern areas of Saudi Arabia were included in the study. We also included Riyadh's large tertiary care hospital as a control none green hospital. We reported the number of surgical backlog in each city, the number of surgical cases performed, the percentage of OR utilization in each city and the percentage of COVID-19 cases to the number of ICU bed cases in each city. ResultsThis study included green hospitals in five cities in the northern area of Saudi Arabia. Besides, we included one none large green hospital in Riyadh city as a control group. The median of weekly procedures in green hospitals was 101 (99, 109.5) in Alqurayat, 233 (194, 237) in Tabuk, 180 (162, 199) in Haill, 108 (90, 120) in Al Jawf and 257 (155, 313) in Northern Borders. The median of weekly procedures in the control hospital was 245 (215, 259). Green hospitals contributed to reducing the surgical backlog by a median percentage of 74% (38, 108) in Alqurayat, 25% (21, 26) in Tabuk, 8% (7, 9) in Haill, 81% (54, 91) in Al Jawf and 78% (72, 88) in Northern Borders. While in the control hospital was 8% (8, 9). ConclusionImplementing elective surgeries in green hospitals contributes to a continuous resumption of surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Collision Avoidance Algorithm for USV Based on Rolling Obstacle Classification and Fuzzy Rules

Dynamic collision avoidance between multiple vessels is a task full of challenges for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) movement, which has high requirements on real-time performance and safety. The difficulty of multi-obstacle collision avoidance is that it is hard to formulate the optimal obstacle avoidance strategy when encountering more than one obstacle threat at the same time; a good strategy to avoid one obstacle sometimes leads to threats from other obstacles. This paper presents a dynamic collision avoidance algorithm for USVs based on rolling obstacle classification and fuzzy rules. Firstly, potential collision probabilities between a USV and obstacles are calculated based on the time to the closest point of approach (TCPA). All obstacles are given different priorities based on potential collision probability, and the most urgent and secondary urgent ones will then be dynamically determined. Based on the velocity obstacle algorithm, four possible actions are defined to determine the basic domain in the collision avoidance strategy. After that, the Safety of Avoidance Strategy and Feasibility of Strategy Adjustment are calculated to determine the additional domain based on fuzzy rules. Fuzzy rules are used here to comprehensively consider the situation composed of multiple motion obstacles and the USV. Within the limited range of the basic domain and the additional domain, the optimal collision avoidance parameters of the USV can be calculated by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO algorithm utilizes both the characteristic of pursuance for the population optimal and the characteristic of exploration for the individual optimal to avoid falling into the local optimal solution. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to certify the validity of the proposed method in complex traffic scenarios. The results illustrated that the proposed method could provide efficient collision avoidance actions.

Academic Procrastination among College Students of Jorhat- An Explorative Study

Academic procrastination is a behavior that is very common among students. It involves knowing that an individual needs to finish the academic task before the assigned time but for one or another reason respondents fail to accomplish the task within the expected time frame. It is the practice of doing more pleasurable or less urgent tasks instead of more urgent ones. Individuals often promise themselves not to delay things until the last minute but it happens again. Such procrastination behaviors affect the student’s actual performances in the learning process and lead to feelings of guilt, inadequacy, depression, and self-doubt. The present study is exploratory research carried out to assess the area and gender difference in academic procrastination among College students in the year 2020. A sample of 199 undergraduate students was selected by using Solvin’s formula (N/1+Ne²), where ‘N’ is the total population and ‘e’ is the margin of error. A standard tool named “Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS)” was used to assess the academic procrastination of the students. The findings revealed that in areas of procrastination majority 61.3 percent of the respondents had an average level of academic procrastination, as most of the respondents (63.81%) sometimes procrastinate in school activities in general also 65.32 percent of respondents sometimes face a problem when they procrastinate in school activities in general. Findings also depict that 49.74 percent definitely want to decrease the tendency to procrastinate in keeping up with weekly reading assignments. It was also revealed from the findings that there was no gender difference in academic procrastination among College students.

Modern aspects of cesarean section

The increase in the frequency of cesarean section (CS) remains one of the actual problems of modern obstetrics and causes the concern to the world community. Today, it is believed that the abdominal delivery is a safer and more non-traumatic method of delivery for the benefit of the fetus than vaginal delivery. The relative number of cases of abdominal delivery, according to the WHO, should not exceed 10 % of the total number of births, which minimizes the occurrence of complications and prevents the development of bleeding and purulent-inflammatory diseases in the postpartum period. But the latest data demonstrate that this percentage is 18.6 % worldwide, that is one in five births ends in CS. The frequency of CS has been growing rapidly in recent years in most countries of the world, and in this context Ukraine is no exception (14.2 % in 2006, to 25.08 % in 2020). This increases the risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In the presented material for the distance learning about the operative delivery, doctors will find up-to-date information on indications, contraindications, methods of CS, as well as recommendations on counseling of pregnant women before surgery and preventive measures to minimize complications during obstetric surgery. According to the modern approach, the indications for the CS are divided into planned and urgent ones, which are clearly defined in this article. Considerable attention is paid to counseling of the patients before this operation and the obligatory acquaintance of the pregnant woman with the method of performing CS, anesthesia and potential perioperative complications and signing her the informed consent on the possible expansion of surgery. According to the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, the most optimal method of CS is presented, which significantly reduces the likelihood of hemorrhagic, purulent-inflammatory complications during surgery and in the postoperative period. The issues related to modern methods of anesthesia of CS with the use of multimodal analgesia, early mobilization of women in labor and prevention of thromboembolic complications, rehabilitation measures are also identified.

COMPONENTS OF THE COMMUNICATIVE STRUCTURE OF AN UTTERANCE AND WAYS OF LABELING THEM IN RUSSIAN

To assess the linguistic situation, a variety of parameters are usually used that have the most serious impact on all peoples, what problems are singled out as the main and urgent ones, what predictions are made, what problems are singled out as the main and urgent ones.

ACTIVE READING STRATEGIES IN CONTENT-BASED INSTRUCTION

The concept of active reading is gaining more attention nowadays, and the reading strategies designed to develop students’ active reading skills are among the most urgent ones, especially in the academic setting, where the majority of information is to be acquired through reading. The article discusses the necessity of active reading strategies in the Content Based Instruction domain and reflects on the experience of implementing them in the Special English courses provided by Foreign Philology faculty of the Urgench State University. Description of the reading strategies classified in accordance with their emphasis on the lesson phases, such as Pre-Reading (THIEVES), Pre-and Post-Reading (KWL), Pre-, While-, and Post-Reading (Cornell Note-Taking, SQ3R (Cornell Method), and SQ4R Reading Strategy) along with the analysis of the students’ skills developed and the role teachers played while putting them into practice is provided. It is stated that using these reading strategies enables students to consciously accept the reading material and not only to comprehend it properly but also to admit the importance of reading for their professional and personal develpment. As an example, the usage of the SQ4R strategy in the Research Writing course with the fourth grade students of the Urgench State University is discussed and the outcomes that are related to the advantages of the reading strategy application are formulated.

Retrospective study in clinical governance and financing system impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the hand surgery and microsurgery HUB center.

IntroductionThe authors presented a retrospective study in the surgical activity of the HUB center for Hand Surgery and Microsurgery in Emilia-Romagna comparing the data between March and April 2020, in the peak of Covid pandemic, with the same period in 2019.Materials and methodsDuring the two months period of March–April 2020 versus 2019 the authors analyzed the surgical procedures performed in elective and emergency surgery with hospitalization and Day or Outpatient surgery regime. Surgical treatments with no hospitalization were planned in the Day-Surgery Service. The financing system impacts were analyzed according to the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), the costs accounting method mostly used in European countries.ResultsAn overall reduction of 68.5% was recorded in surgical procedures, with a more relevant reduction of 92.3% in elective surgery and a significantly less relevant reduction of 37.2% in urgent one. Replantation did not present a reduction in number of cases, while cutting lesions of tendons at the hand and fingers increased such as the bone and ligament injuries during domestic accidents. The negative impact in the financial system recorded a reduction of 32.5%.DiscussionThe epidemiology of hand trauma looks not only at the artisanal and industrial injuries, but also mostly at the accidents in daily life activities. The data of the study evidenced the significantly increase in the injuries occurring in the domestic environment. Elective surgery was canceled. The 86% of surgical procedures performed were urgent ones and the 72.8% of these were possible in Day and Outpatient surgery with significantly reduction in hospitalization. All procedures followed a rigid process for patient and healthcare workers with regard for personal protection and safety. Telemedicine was arranged in emergencies, and economic damage was analyzed also in the following rebound effect during summer period.ConclusionsThe significantly less reduction recorded in urgent surgery vs the more relevant reduction in elective one showed how the hand injuries remained a major issue also during the lockdown. The data highlighted the relevant role of the organizational aspects of the surgical procedures and planning in hand trauma. Despite the financial impact of the elective surgery, the presence of a functional and skill Emergency Service and Day-Surgery Service resulted fundamental in the efficacy and efficiency of the patient management and in containment of economic damage. The telemedicine was significantly limited by liability and risk management issues.