<h3>Background</h3> Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracted to the inflammatory microenvironment, where they act by producing cytokines and growth factors, which provide the immunomodulatory properties and can assist in the recovery of damaged tissue in cases of acute and chronic kidney disease. In this case report, the response of an animal with acute kidney disease to treatment with adipose tissue derived MSC (ADSC) was evaluated. <h3>Methods</h3> A cat diagnosed with acute kidney disease – 14.29 mg/dL of creatinine and 402 mg/dL of urea – was conducted to BIO CELL Cell Therapy to receive the treatment with mesenchymal stem cells. Four applications of ADSC by intravenous route, with 21 days of interval, were performed. Quantification of creatinine and urea in the animal‘s blood was performed 7 days after the second application to verify the animal‘s response to treatment. The exams were repeated after 1 year. <h3>Results</h3> The animal showed an improvement in the clinical signs and in the evaluated exams. Clinically, the animal returned to eat, drink water and gained weight. In the initial exams, before cell therapy, the animal presented creatinine of 14.29 mg/dL and urea of 402 mg/dL, but between the applications, the parameters stabilized at 5.28 mg/dL of creatinine and 171.00 mg/dL of urea. One year after treatment, exams showed that the parameters improved to 2.74 mg/dL of creatinine and 127.7 mg/dL of urea. The values were still above the reference value (from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL of creatinine and 10 to 75 mg/dL of urea), but the animal showed clinical improvement, returning to eat, with no renal alteration observed in ultrasound even after 1 year of treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Treatment with ADSC helped in the recovery of the animal‘s kidneys, as demonstrated in the creatinine and urea values, demonstrating to be a promising therapy for acute renal disease. However, more clinical studies should be performed to evaluate the best protocol for this disease.