Urban Society Research Articles

Social engagements of recently migrated adults and elderly living in urban areas: an analysis of longitudinal aging study (LASI) in India

Purpose This paper aims to examine the social engagement of individuals who have recently migrated to cities in India. The objective is to assess the capacity of these migrants to foster social connections in their newfound urban settings, aiming to advocate for urban governance reforms that facilitate inclusive planning for the holistic well-being of all residents, including migrants. Design/methodology/approach Using quantitative data from the first phase of the longitudinal aging study in India (LASI-2020), this study introduces the term “social engagement” to characterize the interactions of migrants. Incorporating 18 relevant variables, the research uses the Chi-square test to explore correlations between these factors and the social engagement of recent migrants in cities. In addition, multivariate logistic regression is used to identify traits that empower migrants to achieve significant levels of social engagement. Findings This study reveals that a substantial proportion of recent migrants (over 70%) experience social isolation in their new urban environments. Factors such as increasing age, female gender and lower educational attainment significantly contribute to this isolation. Moreover, wealth, religious affiliations and previous urban experiences play pivotal roles in shaping social engagement among urban migrants. Interestingly, age itself does not directly impact migrants’ social engagement; instead, the intersection of factors such as education, wealth and prior urban experiences assumes a critical role. Practical implications Recognizing that social engagement is an integral part of everyday life in contemporary urban societies, it is imperative for urban governance in India to establish structures and systems that facilitate social engagement for the elderly, including migrants. Urban administrators and planners must integrate these dimensions into planning and administrative processes to foster inclusivity for all elderly populations, including migrants, within urban areas. Originality/value Addressing a noticeable gap in existing literature, this paper initiates a discourse on the social engagement of recent migrants residing in Indian cities, with specific focus on the intricate interplay of aging, gender, migration status, wealth and education.

Penanaman Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama Siswa melalui Pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlaq di MA Bahauddin Ngelom Sidoarjo

The issue of religious moderation is important. School education plays a vital role in the process of instilling these values ​​of moderation. The urgency is reinforced by the influence of the modern era and the challenges of increasingly rampant urban society. In a case study, a phenomenon of educational institutions in urban areas was found that still maintain the content of ethical and moral education and insert moderation content. Of the many institutions that are competing to strengthen these values, MA Bahauddin Ngelom Sidoarjo is one of them. In addition to reasons from the urban space side that make it very possible for multicultural problems to occur, MA Bahauddin is also a private institution that is of interest to many applicants. The purpose of this study is to narrate how to instill the values ​​of religious tolerance through Aqidah Akhlak lessons at MA Bahauddin along with supporting and inhibiting factors. This study is a qualitative study and the data collection method is through interviews, personal documents, memos, and other official documents. This study has produced several conclusions, including; First, the instillation of religious tolerance values ​​in students' aqidah akhlaq learning at MA Bahauddin Ngelom Sidoarjo is going well and effectively, as evidenced by the systematic stages in learning aqidah akhlaq including the introduction of tolerance values, instillation through learning and experience, internalization of tolerance values, reinforcement and appreciation. Second, supporting factors in the process of instilling tolerance values ​​through learning Aqidah Akhlak at MA Bahauddin include the existence of government policies related to religious tolerance in educational institutions, the existence of adequate learning facilities and resources, support from the head of the madrasah and madrasah stakeholders, literature on aqidah akhlaq materials that emphasize the value of religious tolerance, inclusive madrasah management, and a tolerant surrounding community environment. While some inhibiting factors are the level of differences in students' abilities and emotional maturity, differences in the origins of previous schools, limited time in learning aqidah akhlak, some students pay less attention and are sleepy during learning.

Multifaceted impacts of double-aging neighborhood’s built environments on SAIP: a deep dive into Chinese rapidly aging urban society

IntroductionThe healthy aging of older adults in dual-older adult communities is influenced by multiple factors, and understanding its underlying mechanisms can promote healthy aging among the older adults in a wide range of developing countries. This comprehensive study delves into the intricate interplay between multifaceted built environmental factors, and their direct and indirect effects on the successful AIP residing in double-aging neighborhoods.MethodsApplying a series of HLM, the research meticulously explores the intricate links between SAIP and multi-scale aging spaces, including home space, community social participation, and built environments.ResultsThe results show that: (1) Older adults people’s need for spiritual comfort derived from home space exceed the need for financial support and family care, becoming a major positive factor for SAIP; (2) The neighborhood based on acquaintance society, partly replace the role of home-based care in influencing SAIP. Especially, community participation has a positive impact, serving as an extension of the home space, such as college for senior citizens and outdoor activity space; (3) The built environment of double-aging neighborhoods has a significant positive effect, with a sense of place identity replacing the reliance on family members and acquaintances to facilitate SAIP; (4) In high-density old district, the distribution of public facilities is saturated, and the proper utilizes of these facilities becomes an important factor affecting SAIP.DiscussionWe provide a multi-factorial perspective of SAIP, demonstrating the compensatory and substitutional roles of community-based older adults care services and friendly neighborhood relationships in fulfilling home-based older adults care functions. This approach better promotes the construction of age-friendly communities and supports SAIP.

Numerical investigation of non-overflow section stability

ABSTRACT Constructing dams is one of the human achievements in developing urban societies. In the last few decades, rapid growth in developing the Red Sea coast and Sinai in Egypt has taken place. According to the UN Nexus definition, water, energy, and food are the main sources of sustainable development. The dam gives the best structure that can fulfill these requirements. The geology of Egypt in the concerning areas in both the Red Sea and Sinai shows that both areas are mountainous areas. The wadies in these mountains suffer from being exposed to severe weathering conditions. Flash floods and wind blowing are the main causes of exposing sedimentary rocks in these Wadies to different degrees of weathering. The present paper focuses on studying the effect of weathering on the engineering behavior of dams intended to be constructed in these areas. The examined rock foundations cover mud-stone, Sand-stone, and limestone. A published numerical model for Longtan Dam was utilized as a reference case to construct a verified numerical model that was later employed in a parametric study to clear the effect of weathering on the studied sediment rock. The verification and parametric study were carried out using GeoStudio software. The results show the clear effect of the variation in weathering on the engineering parameters of the examined sedimentary rock deposits.

From Alienation to Industrialization: Hijab Activism and the Transformation of Indonesian Urban Society from Late 1970s until Today

This study aims to analyze the emergence and the dynamic development of hijab in Indonesia since the end of the 1970s. The spread of hijab was started by a few Indonesian urban Muslim women who became aware that wearing hijab is an obligation in Islamic law. They were influenced by a new wave of Islamic da’wah germinated in Indonesian urban setting. The initial use of hijab by students in public schools was seen suspiciously by the Indonesian government and was banned, causing alienation for the wearers. However, the ban was later lifted and its usage was recognized and spread in the society. The increasing number of Indonesian middle-class Muslim women who wore hijab has opened up the market for hijab industry and encouraged producers to be more creative in introducing their newest hijab products. The appearance of hijab communities, the support of the Indonesian government, and the development of online business and international halal industry in the last few years have played important roles in the rapid expansion of the industry. This study uses historical method and is strengthened by a number of primary sources, including interviews with several key players in this field. This research shows the pattern and phases of hijab transformation in the last four decades, which developed from alienation into a lucrative business and industry.

The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns and the Epidemiology of Food Allergy.

Food allergies are increasing globally, particularly in Asia; however, the etiologies of allergic diseases remain poorly understood despite comprehensive studies conducted across a variety of populations. Epidemiological research demonstrates that food allergy is more prevalent in Westernized or urbanized societies than in rural or developing ones. As such, comparing the distribution and patterns of food allergies as well as the environmental exposures between regions may provide insight into potential causal and protective factors of food allergy. Diet is an important exposome that has been shown to modulate the immune system both directly and indirectly via pathways involving the microbiota. Changes in dietary patterns, especially the shift to a Westernized diet with reduced dietary fiber and an abundance of processed foods, impact the gut and skin epithelial barrier and contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as food allergy. Although dietary intervention is believed to have tremendous potential as a strategy to promote immunological health, it is essential to recognize that diet is only one of many factors that have changed in urbanized societies. Other factors, such as pollution, microplastics, the use of medications like antibiotics, and exposure to biodiversity and animals, may also play significant roles, and further research is needed to determine which exposures are most critical for the development of food allergies.

On the Margins of Emancipation: the Ambivalence of the Struggles of Evictees from the ZACA Project in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Abstract In Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, the ZACA project, an urban renewal project, involved the destruction of inner-city neighbourhoods, and the displacement of their 12,000 inhabitants, mostly to outlying areas. Similar to other instances of forced evictions and displacements in metropolitan areas, this project has been widely used as an indicator of urban inequality, demonstrating the seizure of city centres by the upper classes and the prioritization of exchange value in neoliberal urbanism. It has also generated impulses for change through the promotion of new lifestyles, notably through the unprecedented communication campaign entrusted to the Synergie agency. In the face of this strategy, which emphasised the “modernity” of the project, tradition seemed to be an issue of struggle for the inhabitants, strongly emphasised in some speeches, and the customary authorities appeared as key actors whose support was sought by the various sides. While these injunctions may have seemed violent to a large part of the inhabitants of the zone and may partly explain the violent mobilisations that took place against the project, they may have constituted desirable horizons for others, especially the youth, making the social consequences of the ZACA project more ambivalent. By examining the testimonies of a father and his son evicted from the ZACA more than ten years after the event, and other field data, we will see that the reading of these events differs according to generation, revealing the importance of age-related inequalities in Burkinabè society. A radical change such as the expulsion from the neighbourhood of origin, if it consisted in an undeniable spatial marginalisation, could also have allowed the son to reshuffle the cards of social determinism, which he saw as a means of emancipation. In the end, this article argues for a complex reading of the accumulation of inequalities in urban societies, out of univocal logic.

FESTIVAL INFLUENCE ON PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CULTURE

National culture allows to preserve and develop a nation providing it with the conditions for survival due to the developed adaptive mechanisms in the geographical, political, economic conditions of the ethnic group function-ing. The population acculturation occurs in the urbanized societies, and, there-fore, the issue of preserving the ethnic culture of the peoples living in Russia has become quite acute nowadays. In the conditions of the multinational re-gions including the Republic of Buryatia, these issues are of great concern. In this regard, the cultural institutions search for the actual practices for revival, preservation and development of national cultures. There are quite a lot of mass forms in the Republic of Buryatia aimed at demonstrating the achievements of culture of various peoples, where festivals occupy a significant place. The authors pay attention to the largest events that are significant for the peoples living in the republic.

Protective effects of Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15483 against "Western"-style diet-induced weight gain and visceral adiposity in adolescent male mice.

The prevalence of noncommunicable inflammatory disease is increasing in modern urban societies, posing significant challenges to public health. Novel prevention and therapeutic strategies are needed to effectively deal with this issue. One promising approach is leveraging microorganisms such as Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15483, known for its anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and stress-resilience properties. This study aimed to assess whether weekly subcutaneous administrations of a whole-cell, heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae ATCC 15483 (eleven injections initiated one week before the onset of the diet intervention), relative to vehicle injections, in adolescent male C57BL/6N mice can mitigate inflammation associated with Western-style diet-induced obesity, which is considered a risk factor for a number of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Our results show that treatment with M. vaccae ATCC 15483 prevented Western-style diet-induced excessive weight gain, visceral adipose tissue accumulation, and elevated plasma leptin concentrations. The Western-style diet, relative to a control diet condition, decreased alpha diversity and altered the community composition of the gut microbiome, increasing the Bacillota to Bacteroidota ratio (formerly referred to as the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio). Despite the finding that M. vaccae ATCC 15483 prevented Western-style diet-induced excessive weight gain, visceral adipose tissue accumulation, and elevated plasma leptin concentrations, it had no effect on the diversity or community composition of the gut microbiome, suggesting that it acts downstream of the gut microbiome to alter immunometabolic signaling. M. vaccae ATCC 15483 reduced baseline levels of biomarkers of hippocampal neuroinflammation and microglial priming, such as Nfkbia and Nlrp3, and notably decreased anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses. The current findings provide compelling evidence supporting the potential for M. vaccae ATCC 15483 as a promising intervention for prevention or treatment of adverse immunometabolic outcomes linked to the consumption of a Western-style diet and the associated dysbiosis of the gut microbiome.

COMBINED DECISION SUPPORT MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF THE KYIV CAR TUNNEL NETWORK

An analysis is conducted for the opportunities to reduce climate (ecological), technogenic and safety risks in the Kyiv transport infrastructure in case of construction of the car tunnel system envisioned in the Kyiv city General plan. The involved structural and functional factors included district type in the potential tunnel’s area, downtown factor, population density, daily pendular movement, arterial network density, aver-age traffic speed at peak hours, surface connectivity of the exits (portals) of the tunnel by automobile roads, surface road throughput, criticalness of the transport infrastructure object, and vulnerability in case of military attacks or terrorist acts. The modified morphological analysis method was applied in the research, that con-sidered groups of climate (ecological) and techogenic risks, and also the military (terrorist) threats. This be-came the basis for construction of the decision support model regarding the evaluation of priorities and rank-ings (rational order) of tunnel construction. Additionally, a combination of morphological analysis with analyt-ical hierarchy process was proposed that provided alternative viewpoints with a different ranking compared to the basic model, depending on the given priorities (weights) of risk factors during decision making. This approach may be useful for development of the transport policy with the goal of approaching climate neutrality for big cities, as well as maximum protection of urban transport infrastructure in conditions of wartime threats.Using the developed system tools and combined models, the urban society can become safer and more resilient, managing transport policies on the basis of the system approach, and multi-criteria analysis of im-pact factors.

Sociological perspective on migration in South Africa

This paper examines the socio-economic dimensions of population migration, emphasising its role as a vital social process within the broader societal framework. Employing a structural-functional approach, the study highlights how migration is shaped by and contributes to societal structures, norms, and cultural dynamics. Migration is influenced by socio-structural and cultural factors, reflecting the interconnectedness of institutions and societal conditions. For instance, urban industrial societies, characterised by institutional and structural compatibility, encourage rapid spatial mobility and long-distance migration. Conversely, traditional rural agrarian societies favour limited mobility and slower migration rates. Drawing on Durkheim’s theory of social evolution, the paper underscores migration’s transformative impact on society. It facilitates the transition from segmented, mechanically organised societies to complex, interdependent ones with advanced divisions of labour. This evolution signifies migration’s role as a driver of societal progress and adaptation. Secondary data analysis reveals that socio-cultural considerations, including family circumstances, are as influential as economic factors in migration decisions. The paper argues for government initiatives that promote social cohesion and regional integration to enable equitable migration opportunities. Such policies are essential for harnessing migration’s potential as a tool for societal advancement. By addressing the interplay of social, cultural, and economic factors, the study provides a nuanced understanding of migration as a dynamic and socially conditioned phenomenon. This research contributes to the discourse on population mobility by linking structural-functional theory with contemporary migration dynamics and policy implications.

The Relevance of Zainudin MZ's Political Preaching Thoughts to Urban Community Development

In practice, Islamic preaching in this era is more often displayed and preached only on the narrow aspects of spirituality and morality. Meanwhile, aspects of culture, social, economy, let alone politics are rarely mentioned. The involvement of preachers in politics is still considered taboo. In such conditions, Zainudin MZ emerged to break the taboo. With a brave attitude, the kyai not only preached politically verbally but also directly entered into the practice of democratic politics that was full of deceit. By using a qualitative descriptive method that uses research data in the form of books, journals, and videos related to Zainudin MZ's political thoughts and movements, several findings were produced: first, the relationship between preaching and politics for Zainudin MZ is an integralistic relationship that is reflected in his preaching material on the ethics of political preaching and criticisms of government policies. Second, Zainudin MZ's political activities are based on a strong spirit of Islamism. It was proven when mass organizations and political parties were prohibited from using Islamic principles with the implementation of the sole principle of Pancasila, Zainudin immediately left the world of practical politics and focused on preaching. For him, there was no point in being in a party if the principle was not Islamic. When the sole principle was revoked, he returned to being active in politics and even became the general chairman of the Islamic party. Third, Zainudin's involvement in practical politics found a new phenomenon that preaching politics is difficult to realize in the realm of democratic politics. Therefore, after feeling that his preaching idealism could not be implemented practically, Zainudin MZ chose to withdraw from politics and called his involvement in past politics the era of ignorance. Fourth, the substance of Zainudin MZ's preaching is very relevant for urban society, especially in maintaining Muslim identity and in facing various social, cultural and political challenges.

‘All you got to do is aim and pull the trigger’: Cinematic adaptations of the Punisher

This article examines the complex cultural and political representations and adaptations of Frank Castle, Marvel’s the Punisher, who first appeared in 1974 and again will appear in 2025. While his early visual representations were as a secondary character to Spider-Man, by the 1980s the Punisher became an exemplar of the decline of American urban society, the trauma of the Vietnam War, the growing distrust of law and the rise of Reagan masculine individualism. Charting the shifting cultural and political contexts of the Punisher’s earlier comic book representations grounds discussions of representations of the Punisher’s cinematic representations from the 1980s onwards.

No Such Thing as Society – Neoliberalism and Crime in the Literature of Johannesburg, London, and Atlanta

This article looks at literary texts set in Johannesburg (Ivan Vladislavić, Portrait with Keys), London (Ian McEwan, Saturday) and Atlanta (FX series Atlanta, created by Donald Glover) to articulate the impact of neoliberalism in each text’s depiction of crime and communal urban society. By examining both how characters in each text react to crime, as well as how neoliberalism creates ripe conditions for actions deemed criminal by the state, this article takes cues from Margaret Thatcher’s aphorism, “There is no such thing as society,” to make the argument that though neoliberalism has failed in destroying community in many ways, there are routes back to a future in which we can again imagine a society built on solidarity, trust, and human flourishing.

No Such Thing as Society – Neoliberalism and Crime in the Literature of Johannesburg, London, and Atlanta

This article looks at literary texts set in Johannesburg (Ivan Vladislavić, Portrait with Keys), London (Ian McEwan, Saturday) and Atlanta (FX series Atlanta, created by Donald Glover) to articulate the impact of neoliberalism in each text’s depiction of crime and communal urban society. By examining both how characters in each text react to crime, as well as how neoliberalism creates ripe conditions for actions deemed criminal by the state, this article takes cues from Margaret Thatcher’s aphorism, “There is no such thing as society,” to make the argument that though neoliberalism has failed in destroying community in many ways, there are routes back to a future in which we can again imagine a society built on solidarity, trust, and human flourishing.

Operational Planning of TITIP: Entrust Services Mobile Platform Application

The high consumerism and instant lifestyle of Indonesian urban society has driven the growth of Amanah Jastip Service business which offers solutions for those who want to get goods without having to come to a physical location. The increasing number of internet and e-commerce users in Indonesia, especially in Java, further strengthens the market potential of the digital Jastip platform. However, many Jastip platforms in Indonesia have stagnated in feature development, which ends in negative user reviews and declining interest from new users. To answer this challenge, this study designed the TITIP application, a Jastip platform that emphasizes innovative features for users and service providers, such as integrated location maps, cost negotiation options, various payment methods, delivery services, and advertising features for service providers. This application aims to create an information technology-based solution that not only provides convenience but also has the potential to increase profitability, market position, and productivity. This research is expected to contribute to the development of the Jastip industry in Indonesia by answering technical challenges and meeting the growing needs of users. Through sustainable technology optimization and business strategies, the TITIP platform is expected to be a pioneer in providing effective services that meet the needs of modern consumers while encouraging the growth of the digital economy in Indonesia.

Transformasi Denpasar dari Kota Agraris Menjadi Kota Budaya, 1906-1979

It does not seem to appear that Denpasar, the current capital of Bali Province, was originally an agricultural city and was not designed as a modern city. However, the modern city of Denpasar was formed due to power shifts, the development of cultural tourism, and the circulation of trade, both regional and international, in Bali since the beginning of the 20th century. This article aims to convey the written history of Denpasar City, 1906–1979, from socio-economic and cultural aspects. This essay uses historical methods as a tool to dissect and explain the changes that occurred in Denpasar City over 60 years. The transformation of Denpasar developed from initially being an agricultural city to becoming a cultural city at the beginning of the 20th century. The colonial era was the starting point for the modernization of Denpasar in terms of physical development, but on the other hand, the Dutch, with their Baliseering policy, made Bali, including Denpasar, a living museum. Denpasar, which was initially more agricultural, with the provision of various facilities both planned by the colonial government and those that developed spontaneously, is moving towards becoming an urban society. The establishment of Akademi Seni Tari Indonesia (ASTI, now Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Denpasar) in 1967, the construction of the Bali Art Center in 1978, and the launch of the Bali Arts Festival in Denpasar in 1979 as the launch of the Bali Arts Festival in Denpasar in 1979 as the peak of Balinese cultural activities made Denpasar a barometer of cultural cities and Bali Cultural Center.

Contribution of University Partner Islamic Boarding Schools in Maintaining Moral Values in Banyumas Indonesia

Islamic boarding schools, as educational institutions and religious institutions, contribute to maintaining community morals (moral guardians) within the Islamic boarding school environment. This is based on the reality that Islamic boarding schools are religious educational institutions that have basic values as a moral foundation for society in responding to social changes that occur. It is hoped that the religious cultures that emerge from Islamic boarding schools can be an antithesis to the moral degradation of urban society, which is caused by several things, including the influence of massive technological developments and urbanization in cities such as Purwokerto. This research aims to analyze the contribution of the UIN Saizu Purwokerto partner Islamic boarding school in maintaining community morals in Banyumas Regency. Using qualitative research methods, this research explores various educational programs and social activities implemented by Islamic boarding schools. The results of the research show that Islamic boarding schools play an important role in instilling moral values and Islamic teachings, as well as shaping the positive character of students. The approach used in teaching, which includes a relevant curriculum and daily life based on religious values, contributes significantly to increasing moral awareness in society. In addition, interactions between Islamic boarding schools and local communities strengthen social relations and create an environment that supports the practice of moral life. This research confirms the important role of Islamic boarding schools as agents of change in the moral formation of society in the modern era.

Analisis Komparatif Kosa Kata Gaul Generasi Z Dan Milenial Implikasi Sosialiguistik

This research analyzes the differences in slang vocabulary used by Generation Z and the Millennial Generation and their implications in a sociolinguistic context. Intergenerational differences in language use, especially slang, reflect cultural changes, technological developments and social dynamics that influence daily communication patterns. Using a qualitative approach and comparative methods, this research identifies variations in slang vocabulary and explores the factors that influence these differences. Data was collected through direct observation and interviews with representatives of each generation to understand their perceptions of slang. The research results show that there are significant variations in vocabulary, where Generation Z is more influenced by digital culture and social media, while Millennials tend to retain terms that developed from the popular culture of the 2000s. The sociolinguistic implications of these differences include aspects of identity, communication habits, and intergenerational relationships. It is hoped that this research will provide insight into language changes in urban society and its contribution to the development of sociolinguistics.

From the Village to the City: The Rise of Urban Folklore Studies in China

Abstract: The rise of Chinese folklore study was an academic response to the Modern Chinese Enlightenment Movement. The shift in perspective of Chinese folklore studies from the rural field to urban society is the symbol self-reflective turns and innovations. The shift from rural to urban folklore requires an adjustment of research perspectives and methods, not only to adapt to the urbanized social environment, but also to cope with the more complex modern society. Cities are fast-paced, mobile societies, where peoples general and instinctive rejection of strangers and the highly compressed and fragmented nature of their leisure time make fieldwork more difficult. Human behavior is not homogeneous, but diverse, the study of urban folklore can draw on personal life history methods to take a microscopic look at urban society. The rise of Chinese urban folklore is a new area of Chinese folklore studies, and its research theory, methodology and subjects still need to be further explored and supplemented by scholars.