Urban-rural Income Gap Research Articles

Differentiated Paths of Regional Green Development Driven by Industrial Enterprise Innovation

A fundamental shift in the regional development pattern is crucial to achieving a comprehensive green transformation in China. Currently, innovation-driven green development is a significant strategic option for regional development. As the main body of innovation and the basic unit of regional composition, enterprises have a profound impact on the development of regional economy, society, ecology, and other aspects. However, considering China’s vast territory and significant regional differences in natural environment and industrial structure, it’s necessary to further explore the specific impact paths of regional green development driven by enterprise innovation. Therefore, taking industrial enterprises as an example, based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2016 to 2020, this study verifies the impact of industrial enterprise innovation on the regional green development level by constructing a parallel multiple mediating effect model and dividing the economy into eastern, central, and western regions to discuss the specific impact paths. The results show that industrial enterprise innovation has a significant positive effect on regional green development level, via different influencing paths in each region: (1) The eastern region improves the regional green development level by narrowing the urban-rural income gap; (2) The central region improves the regional green development level by reducing resource dependence; and (3) The western region raises the regional green development level by improving the rationalization of industrial structure.

Analysis and prediction of urban-rural income gap under uncertain environment

Analysis and prediction of urban-rural income gap under uncertain environment

种植业优势对城乡收入差距影响研究——基于GMM动态面板模型分析

种植业优势对城乡收入差距影响研究——基于GMM动态面板模型分析

电商发展对城乡收入差距的影响研究——基于市场化程度的调节效应

电商发展对城乡收入差距的影响研究——基于市场化程度的调节效应

A Study on Forecasting the Urban-Rural Income Gap in China Based on Time Series Forecasting Model

A Study on Forecasting the Urban-Rural Income Gap in China Based on Time Series Forecasting Model

Is Abandoned Cropland Continuously Growing in China? Quantitative Evidence and Enlightenment from Landsat-Derived Annual China Land Cover Dataset

Abandoned cropland is a great waste of land resources, which not only affects the stability of food production, but also wastes limited cropland resources. China has large areas of abandoned cropland, and accurately extracting the large-scale abandoned cropland is a prerequisite for the government to implement reclamation policies and estimate the food production potential of abandoned cropland. China has implemented the Grain for Green Project (GGP) since 1980, but most research has not considered its impact on the extraction of abandoned cropland. Therefore, a method was proposed to identify abandoned cropland excluding the regions of GGP, and to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and potential of abandoned cropland in China from 1991 to 2018. GGP potential and food production potential of abandoned cropland were discussed. The results showed that 26.47 million hectares of cropland has been abandoned in the past 28 years (including cropland that has been reclaimed). Under the positive influence of the government’s food security policy, the abandoned cropland has decreased in recent years, but the total area is still high. The abandonment mainly occurred in the Jiangnan Hills, the Hilly Regions of Fujian and Guangdong Province, the North China Mountains, and Eastern Inner Mongolia. The higher the elevation and the steeper the slope, the higher the abandonment rate. In addition, the urban-rural income gap significantly affected the abandonment rate. This study drew the spatial and temporal distribution map of abandoned cropland in China with a spatial resolution of 30 m considering GGP. It provides an important basis for formulating reclamation and GGP policy.

The impact of tax competition on urban-rural income gap: a local governance perspective

ABSTRACT In China, the regional economic development model affected by government competition is an important factor leading to the income inequality of urban and rural residents. This paper aims to study the influence mechanism of tax competition among local governments on urban-rural income gap from the perspective of government intervention and tries to explain the reasons for the gradual narrowing of urban-rural income disparity since 2010. Using a dynamic panel data of 30 provinces, this study reveals that tax competition has alleviated the urban-rural income gap, and this effect shows temporal extensibility and spatial correlation. It is more obvious in eastern and central China and consistent in different local tax categories. Although tax competition has narrowed the overall income gap, the wage income inequality has been exacerbated. In addition, local fiscal autonomy, urbanization, public service provision and industrial structure are the important influencing channels of the mechanism.

Research on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance and Rural Household Human Capital Investment on Urban-rural Income Gap

The high-quality development of an economy and society is reflected in the sustained growth of the economic aggregate and in the fruits of development being shared by the majority of residents. Therefore, a reasonable income distribution pattern is an important guarantee for sustainable economic development. However, the excessively high urban-rural income gap has become a characteristic fact in China's economy and society. In order to curb the continuous expansion of the urban-rural income gap, our country has clearly pointed out the path of " socialist rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics " . Against this background, it is important to explore the yet-to-be-clarified impact of the human capital investment of Chinese farmers on the urban-rural income gap. At the same time, the emergence of digital inclusive finance provides a new perspective for finance to help converge the urban-rural income gap. Digital inclusive finance mainly targets disadvantaged groups excluded by traditional finance. Rural residents with low incomes are naturally among its targets. Converging the income gap between urban and rural areas should also be one of the responsibilities of digital inclusive finance. This article first reviews the theories and literature related to digital inclusive finance and the urban-rural income gap. By summarizing the reasons for the formation of the urban-rural income gap and the conditions for its convergence, it analyzes the important role of finance in it and the limitations of traditional financial development. , and further deduced the impact of the development of digital inclusive finance on the urban-rural income gap. It is also recognized through public data that educational human capital and migrant human capital have greatly narrowed the urban-rural income gap in the eastern region, verifying that human capital investment has an incremental role in economic development levels and policy guidance.

Study on the Path and Mechanism of Digital Inclusive Finance on Economic Growth

Over the past four decades of reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved a high average annual growth rate of over 9 per cent, becoming the second largest economy in the world. At the same time, China's financial reform and development has been continuously optimized, and the financial industry has maintained rapid development. With the accelerated integration of new-generation digital technology and inclusive finance, the flourishing development of inclusive finance has added strong momentum to the financial services economy. Based on the relevant research literature on inclusive finance at home and abroad and the characteristics of digital finance, we constructed the evaluation index system of cross-country digital inclusive finance level and the evaluation index system of provincial digital inclusive finance level, and evaluated the development level of digital inclusive finance in 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) in China. On this basis, the impact of digital financial inclusion on economic growth is comprehensively analyzed from two perspectives (temporal and spatial dimensions) and two levels (cross-country and provincial levels), and the empirical evidence is analyzed from the temporal dimension by using traditional econometric analysis methods. The increase in the level of digital inclusive finance in a region has a significant contribution to the region's economic growth, and the mediating effects of credit constraints, entrepreneurship, investment and urban-rural income gap between digital inclusive finance and economic growth are proposed and verified through the decomposition of the direct-indirect effects and heterogeneity of the spatial Durbin model. Policy recommendations are proposed through relevant research results to help China's further economic development.

Impact of China's digital economy development on the health of middle-aged and older people: an air pollution-based perspective.

China has shown good momentum on the road of digital economy development, however, it is also rapidly entering an aging society. Exploring the health effects of the digital economy is of positive significance for realizing healthy aging in China. This paper focuses on the relationship between the digital economy and the health of middle-aged and older people using microdata from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2018 and macrodata from Chinese cities. The study found that the digital economy showed a significant inverted U-shaped relationship on the health of middle-aged and older people. The results of subgroup regressions indicated heterogeneity in this effect across gender, education level, urban/rural and region. Individual health in female, highly educated, and urban groups is more closely related to the digital economy. Middle-aged and old groups in the western region are better able to enjoy the dividends of the digital economy, while middle-aged and old groups in the eastern region are more negatively affected by the digital economy. In the lead-up to the development of the digital economy, individual health can be promoted by narrowing the urban-rural income gap and increasing basic medical resources, while in the later stage of the development of the digital economy, it manifests itself in inhibiting the level of individual health by widening the urban-rural income gap and lowering the level of basic medical resources. In addition, air pollution exhibits a positive moderating effect between the digital economy and individual health, suggesting that air pollution reinforces the impact of the digital economy on health. Expansive analyses indicate that the digital economy has a negative impact on physiological health.

A re-examination of the influence of human capital on urban-rural income gap in China: College enrollment expansion, digital economy and spatial spillover

In the context of the era of common prosperity, this paper seeks to explore the influence of human capital on the urban-rural income gap in China. To accomplish this, this paper utilizes panel data encompassing 31 provincial-level administrative regions spanning the years 2000 to 2019. Employing a combination of econometric techniques, including 2SLS, Difference-in-difference models, moderating effects models, and the spatial Durbin model, this paper investigates various facets of human capital and its impact on the urban-rural income gap. The key findings of this paper are as follows: (1) The relationship between human capital and the urban-rural income gap exhibits a U-shaped pattern. (2) The college enrollment expansion policy leads to the widening of the urban-rural income gap in China driven by factors related to the scale, quality, and inequality within higher education. (3) The digital economy plays a positive moderating role in the U-shaped relationship between human capital and the urban-rural income gap. (4) Human capital's impact on the urban-rural income gap demonstrates a significant spatial correlation, displaying a U-shaped spatial spillover effect. Drawing from the aforementioned findings, this paper offers valuable policy implications to guide policymakers in their efforts to foster the attainment of common prosperity.

Land supply patterns and the Chinese low consumption puzzle

The challenge of low consumption presents a complex development issue in China, one that has been insufficiently analyzed through the lens of land supply. This paper introduces a fresh perspective to the Chinese low consumption puzzle by shedding light on the constraints imposed by monopolistic/strategic land supply on the final consumption rate. Our findings reveal that China's distinctive land supply patterns systematically restrict consumption, as monopolistic land supply hinders total consumption by widening the share of government sector income and the urban-rural income gap. Additionally, strategic land supply curtails consumption by increasing the share of capital income and driving up housing prices. This study underscores the significance of land supply-side reforms in bolstering consumption, offering valuable policy insights for China and other transitioning economies.

Digital Inclusive Finance Helps Developing Countries Narrow the Urban-rural Income Gap Analysis——Taking China as an Example

With the rapid development of digital technology, finance, and technology integration today, a new type of large-scale financial digitization has emerged, increasing the breadth and depth of services, increasing the comfort of the financial services sector, and enabling residents to participate equally in the financial system and obtain necessary financial resources. Extensive digital financing has enabled information exchange and reduced costs. It can promote better management. The concept of digital fusion funding is an innovation in the development of traditional financing. This is a modern development vision focusing on the interests of the group. Their honesty and tolerance are of great importance to achieve social equality. Many studies have shown that the development of digital economic integration may effectively assist developing countries to reduce the revenue gap in the village. China is the largest developing country with the world's largest population. For example, China can summarize how the integration of digital economy affects urban-rural income gaps, identify problems and signs of experience in developing countries.

Improving the consumer welfare of rural residents through public support policies: A study on old revolutionary areas in China

Improvement of the welfare of rural residents of less developed areas is one of the key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study uses the panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2020 and a difference-in-differences model to evaluate the impact of the Old Revolutionary Development Program (ORDP) of China on the consumer welfare of rural residents. Results indicate that the implementation of the ORDP plays a significant role in improving the consumer welfare of the rural residents of old revolutionary base areas in China. Specifically, the ORDP implementation can improve the consumer welfare of the rural residents by increasing the local fiscal expenditure and narrowing the income gap between the urban and rural areas. In addition, the intervention of the ORDP has a heterogeneous effect on the consumer welfare of the rural residents of different regions, and the effect is larger in regions with high fiscal expenditure, satisfactory economic development, high urbanization, and small urban–rural income gap. The findings can enrich the theoretical basis of regional development planning with Chinese characteristics and provide a new reference for the policy practice of the sustainable development of residents in underdeveloped areas.

Digital Economy Empowers Rural Ecological Construction

Due to the promotion of policies such as rural revitalization, the continuous improvement of rural living standards through digitization, and the gradual narrowing of urban-rural income gap, the construction and governance of ecological civilization in rural areas have also entered an important strategic development period. This article first explains the concepts and theories of digital economy and rural ecology, and then summarizes the current development status and problems of digital economy empowering rural ecological construction through a large amount of literature. Finally, from the perspectives of economics, environmental science, and other disciplines, it provides development strategies and relevant suggestions for digital economy empowering rural ecological construction.

Dynamic evolutionary characteristics and influence mechanisms of carbon emission intensity in counties of the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Clarifying the intrinsic mechanism of county carbon emission intensity (CEI) is essential for guiding the realization of a low-carbon economy as well as for the strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. However, at present, scholars mostly focus on provincial and city scales, with the identification of influencing factors and spatial effect mechanisms of CEI rarely included in the analysis framework. Herein, with the help of three spatial weight matrices, the spatial autocorrelation, the "F + S" influence factor identification method, and the spatial panel econometric model were used to analyze the evolutionary paths and influencing factors of CEI for 209 counties in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2007 to 2020. The results show that (1) the CEI of the YRD decreased from 1.998t/104 RMB to 0.858t/104 RMB. Furthermore, the spatial pattern was low in the southeast and high in the northwest, with high-value areas concentrated in municipal districts and resource-based counties. (2) Moran's I spatial autocorrelation index indicated significant spatial clustering of county CEI. (3) Financial science and technology expenditure, industrial structure, share of urban built-up land, and the urban-rural income gap affected the change in CEI and its spatial effect, whereas total imports and exports had a significant negative effect on local CEI. Therefore, to achieve China's "double carbon" goal, it is necessary to consider the five development concepts as the core, strengthen inter-county exchanges and collaboration, as well as promote collaborative management of the ecological environment.

The impact of informatization on the urban-rural income gap: An empirical investigation of China

Informatization has changed people's production and lifestyle through the application of information technology, which provides a breakthrough point for solving the urban-rural income gap problem. This paper uses panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 to measure the level of information technology development in each province of China using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method and empirically tests the impact and mechanism of the level of information technology on the urban-rural income gap through a panel effects model. It is found that: the level of informatization significantly reduces the urban-rural income gap, and the results still hold after robustness tests; the level of informatization may indirectly affect the urban-rural income gap through technological progress; there is significant regional heterogeneity in the level of informatization development on the urban-rural income gap, with the degree of influence showing a decreasing trend from the eastern coast to the western inland.

The impact and regional heterogeneity analysis of tourism development on urban-rural income gap

Based on the panel data of 204 cities from 2008 to 2020, the study first uses the mixed OLS model and two-way fixed effect model to verify the direct impact of tourism on the urban-rural income gap. Next, we employ the instrumental variable method, as well as estimation methods such as 2SLS and GMM, to test for endogeneity problem present in the study. Furthermore, the mediating effect model is used to examine the mechanism through which tourism affects the urban-rural income disparity. The findings indicate that rural infrastructure acts as an intermediary between tourism development and the reduction of the urban-rural income disparity. Furthermore, the impact of tourism on narrowing the income gap seems to diminish gradually from the western regions to the eastern ones.

Evidence from the Urban-Rural Income Gap on Whether the Regional Multi Center Structure Can Alleviate Urban-Rural Imbalance

Evidence from the Urban-Rural Income Gap on Whether the Regional Multi Center Structure Can Alleviate Urban-Rural Imbalance

Accounting for changes in income inequality in China, 2002–2018: evidence from household survey data

This paper examines causes behind recent changes in income inequality in China, especially its moderation since 2008, using household survey data and decomposition analyses. It is found that, by income sources, contributors to the moderation in inequality were wage income, pension, and other transfers, offset somewhat by the inequality‐increasing effect of changes in net farm and nonfarm business incomes, net asset income, imputed rent, and personal income tax and social security contribution. By household characteristics, contributors to inequality moderation were a narrowing in the urban–rural income gap, rural–urban migration, and a decline in regional income disparity, offset by widening inter‐industry earning differentials, a rise in the education premium, and changes in some unknown factors. These results are likely an outcome of some fundamental drivers working together, including processes of catch‐up growth and structural transformation, market‐driven forces including technological progress and globalisation, government policy actions, and remaining market distortions.