Urban Regeneration Projects Research Articles

도시재생사업의 소규모 녹지 조성이 바람길 형성 및 열 환경에 미치는 영향 : 대구 인동촌 백년마을 도시재생활성화 지역을 중심으로

Purpose: Under a wide range of urban regeneration projects, efforts are undergoing to transform abandoned or empty plots, and lots in low use into small green areas, such as linear green space, public gardens, pocket parks, and ally gardens. Green areas within the cities are indeed known to bring positive effects, such as mitigating urban heat island effects through the development of fresh wind, decreasing air pollution, including fine dust, and the revitalization of communities. However, the quantitative analysis of positive effects of vegetation and the range of the impacts is not enough, whose verification is the aim of this study. Method: This study performed CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation and the actual measurements of weather to examine the effects of green areas in Indongchon, one of the regeneration and revitalization areas in Daegu Metropolitan City, and surrounding areas on the nearby environment. The results were used to estimate the influence of previously created green space and analyze that of planned green areas. Result: It compared the examination results of the weather data and CFD simulation results and verified the feasibility of the model. The simulation model was utilized to inspect the impacts of previously formed green areas on the nearby environment and confirm that each type of green space has a different effect.

A conceptual framework for auditing the physical integrity of historical districts: case studies of Kerman and Shiraz Bazaars in Iran

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for defining the notion of “physical integration” regarding the Iranian bazaar as the main component in the structure of traditional Iranian cities. Applying this conceptual framework to the historical bazaars in the cities of Kerman and Shiraz, this study seeks to pave the way for restoring the physical integrity of such historical districts.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted in two phases. First, there was a review of the theoretical background of physical integration followed by the analysis of the corresponding qualitative contents and the validation of the proposed conceptual framework as confirmed by 15 local experts. The second phase tested the validated framework in two case studies based on maps, historical documents and field observations.FindingsThe findings show that the physical integration of historical bazaars can be undertaken in morphological, visual-aesthetic and functional aspects. The proposed conceptual framework is capable of dealing with the different aspects of physical integration in historical districts on a meso-scale.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical implications of this study concerning the physical integration of traditional bazaars address urban design, urban planning and multi-disciplinary historical geography. The study also has practical implications for the integration of bazaars in historical urban regeneration projects via design guidelines.Originality/valueThis study emphasizes the importance of physical integration as a multi-dimensional concept, facilitating it to deal with the physical quality and the characteristics of historical districts, particularly bazaars. It also highlights the role of the Iranian bazaar as a unifying structure in the historical districts.

Assessment of Life Cycle Risks of Deconstruction in Urban Regeneration Projects

AbstractDeconstruction is the eco-friendly alternative to demolition. It can help reduce the waste stream from urban regeneration projects (URPs) to landfills. The literature, however, does not pro...

Creative Cities and Knowledge Management Approach to Culture-Based Urban Regeneration in Slovakia: A Model

The term "Creative City" emerged in the 90s of the 20th century reflecting the trend of transforming post-industrial cities into new creative urban centres - bases for knowledge intensive firms, highly-skilled workers and major cultural assets. The concept of culture-based urban regeneration describes a scheme where culture is purposely employed as a vehicle for an overall urban and social revitalization. The paper addresses innovative processes within culture-based urban regeneration projects in three Slovak cities - Bratislava, Zilina and Kosice - under the concept of creative city. The focus is on the implementation of a tailor-made multi-factor knowledge management model with the aim of exploring the knowledge management practices in urban development projects dealing with the adaptive re-use of industrial and cultural heritage based on the non-profit bottom-up initiatives.

Kentsel Sürdürülebilirlik ve Dayanıklılık Açısından Kentsel Dönüşüm Uygulamalarında Rant ve Özel Mülkiyete Bir Bakış

Sanayileşme, nüfus artışı, kaynakların hızlı tüketimi ve iklim krizi gibi sorunların ortaya çıkışı ile birlikte son yıllarda “sürdürülebilirlik” ve “dayanıklılık” kavramları gündeme gelmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, tüm dünyada yaşanan COVID-19 salgını da yine insanların yoğun şekilde bir arada yaşadığı kentsel alanların sürdürülebilir, her türlü afet ve kriz karşısında dayanıklı şekilde planlanması ve dönüştürülmesi gerektiğini gözler önüne sermiştir. Kentsel alanların yeniden düzenlenmesinde ve eskiyen kentsel dokunun yenilenmesinde sıklıkla kullanılan araçların başında gelen kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarının, daha sürdürülebilir ve dayanıklı kentsel alanlar oluşturulmasına önemli katkılar sunması beklenmektedir. Ancak Türkiye’deki kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında, özel mülkiyet ve kentsel rantın, hem kamusal hem de kamusal olmayan alanların yeniden planlanmasının önünde baskı unsuru olabildiği görülmektedir. Bu nedenle yapılacak kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında ve yeni kentleşme modellerinde, özel mülkiyet haklarının ve sınırlamalarının doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu makalede, özel mülkiyetin ve kentsel rantın, özellikle konut ve nüfus yoğunluğu açısından kentsel dönüşümde nasıl ele alınabileceği, kısıtlarının neler olabileceği ve yasal mevzuatlarda nasıl yer alması gerektiği tartışılmıştır.

A novel public-private-people partnership framework in regeneration of old urban neighborhoods in Iran

Urban area regeneration is a matter of every municipality over time. Regeneration projects are usually cost-intensive and directly affect many vulnerable members of society. Public-private-people partnership (PPPP) is one of the adopted methods by various municipalities in these projects. Multiple players with different backgrounds and uncertainties involved complicate the development process of PPPP projects. A carefully designed framework is required to successfully deliver these projects. This research develops a holistic PPPP framework for the old urban neighborhood regeneration projects in Iran. The collective experience of urban area regeneration projects from the literature and field experts is employed in the proposed framework. The framework outlines the requirements of the feasibility study that the government needs to perform in the initial stages of the projects. Three standard form contracts designed in the framework adjust the stakeholders' relations over the project’s life cycle. The field experts verified the capabilities of the framework and found it beneficial for future urban regeneration projects in the country. Although the identified issues are addressed in the proposed framework, prospective implementations of the framework need to be closely viewed to identify possible points of improvement.

Intervention follows diagnosis: analysis' impact on open space regeneration in mass housing estates

Diagnosis and design are part of the same process. This statement is particularly true for urban regeneration efforts, in which the way that complex obsolescence processes are understood implies a particular design method. In the specific case of the regeneration of mass housing estates, most experiences are approached from the building perspective. Even though open spaces are central to ensuring a high degree of urban quality, urban regeneration projects often fail to recognise the problems and opportunities relating to their layout. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance of incorporating pertinent open space diagnoses into integrated urban regeneration efforts in mass housing estates. To this end, the paper explores in depth three different experiences of urban regeneration in Spain.

Estimation of the Values of Wooden Materials in Urban Regeneration: The Case of Seoullo in Korea

The importance of wooden buildings has been highlighted in recent years due to the energy-efficient and carbon storage effect of wood. This study investigates the willingness to pay for one-time tax payments of the citizens currently living in Seoul when Seoullo uses wood as a material for covering the surface of the facilities. The study examines the economic feasibility of Seoullo, which is a part of the government urban regeneration project that built a park on the desolate bridge in 2017. The result indicates that Seoul citizens who participated in the survey feel a greater preference for wood material rather than existing concrete used in Seoullo despite the tax burden. As a result, it is found that the respondents with children under the age of 8, respondents who are aware of the urban regeneration project, and respondents with respiratory disease have a lower marginal willingness to pay than those in the opposite groups. Moreover, the result shows that the respondents who consider farming or returning to rural areas, respondents in need of city improvement, respondents who chose wood as a preferred building material, and respondents with the experience of visiting Seoullo have a greater marginal willingness to pay for the wooden material than those in the opposite groups.

Characterization of demolition waste powder to be processed as sensible thermal energy storage material

Replacing fossil fuels with alternative energy resources to meet industrial heat demand necessitates using cost-effective thermal energy storage (TES) for efficient and secure operation. Waste-based materials such as industrial by-products, industrial furnace slags, municipal, demolition wastes (DW) offer alternative low cost sensible thermal energy storage materials (STESM) for solar heat industrial applications. The only drawback is their inhomogeneous nature requiring some pre-treatment steps. DW have a great potential as cheap and high performance STESM, if they can be conditioned with optimum properties. In this study, DW samples collected from an urban regeneration project were conditioned with some pre-treatment processes such as crushing, sieving, drying and mixing to produce rigid and homogeneous STESMs. DW powders obtained after processing were characterized to evaluate its suitability to produce STESMs. The results showed that DW powders could be converted to a durable STESM with high storage capacity for use in solar heat industrial applications up to 700 °C.

Valuing urban regeneration projects: The case of the Navigli, Milan

This paper discusses the challenges inherent in the valuation of the social benefits of urban regeneration projects. The transformation of cities involves public and private investments, whose returns should include calculation of social benefits. Since traditional financial methodologies do not allow to capture the large and complex set of benefits, typically accruing to citizens in terms of quality of life, the application of non-market valuation methods such as Contingent Valuation (CV) and Hedonic Pricing (HP) offers an innovative opportunity. Here we analyse inhabitants' and city users' responses to the regeneration project of the Navigli canal network in Milan to understand how urban communities value such transformations. The Municipality of Milan proposed the project to restore the canal network in 2018 to enhance recreational amenities, improve environmental quality, and reduce negative externalities. While the political benefit from restoring the canals is clear, public and private benefits from the scheme need to be assessed to ensure the scheme's long-term sustainability. This paper presents an assessment (CV) of the socio-economic benefits associated to the reopening of the first section of the Navigli canal network, based on analysis of the views of 583 residents and city users, and compares these results with those of a HP method application developed by Boscacci et al. (2017). The paper explores whether the joint use of CV and HP could overcome their mutual weaknesses, providing a coherent methodology for assessing efficiency and effectiveness of policies and projects. • Valuation of the social benefits of the Navigli urban regeneration project in Milan (Italy). • Comparative analysis of non-market valuation methods such as Contingent Valuation (CV) and Hedonic Pricing (HP). • Application of the CV and HP to assess the social benefits of the Navigli project in support of decision making. • Joint use of CV and HP could overcome their mutual weaknesses. • Providing a coherent methodology for assessing both efficiency and effectiveness of policies and projects.

Impact of Urban Regeneration Projects on Housing Neighbourhood Conditions in Lagos State, Nigeria

The principal aim of this paper is to investigate the stakeholders’ perception on the impact of the Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project (LMDGP) on housing neighbourhood conditions in some selected areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are; to assess stakeholders’ perceptions on the impact of LMDGP on the housing neighbourhood conditions in the study area, and also to appraise the stakeholders’ perception on the factors militating against effective implementation of urban regeneration projects in the study area. The study adopts a survey approach by purposively administering questionnaires to 137 stakeholders comprising government agents, residents, and property investors. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined at a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.886. Out of the total 137 questionnaires that were distributed, 107 were retrieved giving a response rate of 78.1%. The data collected were analysed using weighted average score, WAS, standard deviation and principal component analysis, PCA. Results based on the stakeholders’ perception show that the housing conditions most significantly impacted by the urban regeneration projects in the study areas are; decline in traffic congestion, ease of access, and adequate street lighting; while the overall quality of life was not significantly impacted. Economic, market research and analysis, bureaucracy, land acquisition, lack of public participation, risks/no maintenance plan, delays in project execution, and policy initiatives/tax are the factors limiting effective implementation of urban regeneration projects.

도시재생사업에서 유휴 국 · 공유지 활용의 ‘현장적 한계’ 연구 -충주시 도시재생사업(일반사업)을 중심으로-

균형발전의 국책사업인 도시재생 뉴딜사업의 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 2014년 도시재생 선도사업과 2016년 일반사업 현장에서 발생한 문제와 원인들을 통해 대안을 찾을 필요가 있다. 정책으로 권장되는 유휴 국 · 공유지 매입 진행사업에도 많은 어려움이 나타난다. 특히 ‘현장 · 실무단계’에서 이해관계 기관들의 요구와 입장 차이로 백지화 또는 지연되어 활성화계획이 수정 · 변경되는 경우가 빈번히 일어난다. 연쇄적으로 지가 상승과 주민조직들 이해관계 충돌이 발생하여 타-사업에도 영향을 준다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 도시재생사업에서 유휴 국 · 공유지를 활용할 경우 발생하는 ‘현장 · 실무단계’의 한계를 도출하고 대안을 제언하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 2장에서 도시재생사업에서 부지확보 중요성을 드러내고, 3장에서 유휴 국 · 공유지 활용사업 이점을 ‘합의의 중립성’, ‘재원의 경제성’, ‘위치적 중심성’으로 증명한다. 마지막으로 4장에서 활성화계획 수립 및 실행단계에서 일반적으로 드러나는 국 · 공유지 활용사업 이해관계와 문제를 분석한 후 제언을 한다. 단, 본 연구는 이해관계기관 담당자들 보안요구에 의해 인터뷰 내용 중 직접 참여한 충주시 도시재생사업 사례와 공유되는 부분을 정리하였다.

Urban Regeneration for Port Hinterland

Ports are very important in Korea s topography. However, the decline of ports and hinterland is emerging as a big problem due to socio-economic changes. Therefore, the necessity of this study is raised from two aspects. First, it is to closely examine the current status and current issues of the port redevelopment project. Second, it examines the institutional necessity of urban regeneration, which is behind the decline along with ports. In this study, three strategies were presented against the background of successful port redevelopment and urban regeneration projects. First, the introduction of a comprehensive project management system that oversees the port redevelopment project and urban regeneration project from behind. Second, 4 specific ways to link the background area were presented. Finally, we present indicators and methodologies for estimating project performance.

Conceptual Models and Policy Proposal integrating Urban Regeneration and Urban Improvement

As a result of the continuous growth since the 1960s, many cities of the Republic of Korea are suffering from deterioration of the buildings. On account of the issue, current government designated Urban Regeneration New Deal as a national policy and expected to solve various urban issues, but, even with the 10 trillion won-budgets every year, the ability of housing supply is insignificant. To supplement current national policies and investigate for alternative project models, this paper conducted the following purposes. First, to confirm the needs of alternative project models, it conducted literature review about current states of urban improvement and urban regeneration projects. Second, it operated in-depth interview on the experts to derive conceptual models in order to integrate urban regeneration and urban improvement. Finally, it applied derived models on the designated project area. This study has significances that it suggested new integrated models of urban regeneration and urban improvement. Our findings will lead to provide another insight on potential alternatives to solve the issue of urban deterioration.

A Study on conflicts of stakeholders in Urban Regeneration Projects

The urban regeneration project in a public competition supported the majungmul project(as CPR). Study area as ChangshinSungin is a sewing center industrial area with various stakeholders. In the analysis of this study, citizen participation without communication between stakeholders was found to be exclusion from governance and exclusion of residents, and this was reflected in the project results. The cause was that the conflict was difficult to mediate due to the passive attitude of the public-led field support center, and the resident council failed to form a consensus with the citizen (sewing workers), leading to the result of PIMFY. In order for ‘the public-led citizen- participatory urban regeneration project’ to resolve conflicts well, the collaboration of stakeholders according to regional characteristics rather than performance should be the basis.

A resolution framework for post-implementation issues of urban regeneration projects in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka

After the civil war, the Sri Lankan government started the urban regeneration initiative focusing on Colombo city development. These projects have proved to be just immediate solutions, with no long-term effect on the community. Thus, this study examined the post-implementation issues of the Colombo urban regeneration project to develop a resolution framework. Subsequently, the study applied three similar cases viz., the Pruitt-Igoe, Chennai, and Kibera to understand the lessons and similar issues of urban regeneration projects such as social and cultural, economic, architectural, planning, and technical and management and operational that supported to develop the resolution model. The empirical analysis was based on a mixed-method approach with perceptions of low-income dwellers and professionals. Hence, the study concludes that social, cultural, and economic issues are most critical in Sri Lankan, similar to the other Asian studies. However, the post-implementation impacts of urban regeneration on the quality of life of urban poor have only received marginal attention and fewer successive policies in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Colombo, post-implementation issues, resolution framework, urban regeneration projects,

Setting the Social Monitoring Framework for Nature-Based Solutions Impact: Methodological Approach and Pre-Greening Measurements in the Case Study from CLEVER Cities Milan

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are currently being deployed in many European Commission Horizon 2020 projects in reaction to the increasing number of environmental threats, such as climate change, unsustainable urbanization, degradation and loss of natural capital and ecosystem services. In this research, we consider the application of NBS as a catalyst for social inclusivity in urban regeneration strategies, enabled through civic participation in the co-creation of green interventions with respect to social cohesion and wellbeing. This article is focused on a social monitoring framework elaborated within the H2020 CLEVER Cities project, with the city of Milan as a case study. Firstly, we overviewed the major regeneration challenges and expected co-benefits of the project, which are mainly human health and wellbeing, social cohesion and environmental justice, as well as citizen perception about safety and security related to the NBS implementation process. Secondly, we examined the relevance of using NBS in addressing social co-benefits by analyzing data from questionnaires against a set of five major indicators, submitted to citizens and participants of activities during pre-greening interventions: (1) Place, use of space and relationship with nature, (2) Perceived ownership and sense of belonging, (3) Psychosocial issues, social interactions and social cohesion, (4) Citizen perception about safety and security, and lastly, we analyzed (5) knowledge about CLEVER interventions and NBS benefits in relation to socio-demographics of the questionnaires’ respondents. Thirdly, we cross-referenced a wind-rose multi-model of co-benefits analysis for NBS across the regeneration challenges of the project. Because of the COVID-19 emergency, in this research we mainly focused on site observations and online questionnaires, as well as on monitoring pre-greening scenarios in three Urban Living Labs (ULLs) in Milan, namely CLEVER Action Labs. Lastly, this study emphasizes the expected social added values of NBS impact over long-term urban regeneration projects. Insights from the pre-greening surveys results accentuate the importance of the NBS interventions in citizens’ perceptions about their wellbeing, general health and strong sense of neighborhood belonging. A wider interest towards civic participation in co-management and getting informed about NBS interventions in the Milanese context is also noted.

Determinants of social capital from a network perspective: A case of Sinchon regeneration project using exponential random graph models

Social capital has a dark side. While social capital can facilitate collective action, a few members might form closed circles and dominate planning processes. Bonding and bridging social capital are arguably crucial factors in explaining these different outcomes, yet the causal link remains unexplored due to underdeveloped measures and methods. This article contributes to the literature by proposing network measures and testing these effects one against the other through exponential random graph models. The analysis focuses on the case of an urban regeneration project in Sinchon, an inner-city neighborhood in Seoul, where residents were engaged in the governance of planning, partnered with public officials. Based on a survey and interviews, the study found that the project has a propensity for tightly clustered relations centered around public officials without bridging, indicating a stronger role of bonding social capital. However, residents remained passive rather than voicing their concern, calling for another type of social capital that accounts for power.

From production to consumption-oriented development: New planning strategies in science parks? The case of Sophia-Antipolis

Recent works have highlighted the role of consumption in regional development and questioned the focus on production-oriented approaches in regional planning. To date, consumption-oriented strategies have only been studied in specific cases such as rural areas or urban regeneration projects. This article examines the impact of the growth of consumption-oriented activities on local policymaking processes. To do so, it studies the reshaping of local planning strategies in the science park of Sophia-Antipolis in the context of a growing residential economy. We show that local governments are now questioning traditional production-oriented policies as tensions appear between maintaining the area’s high-tech specialization and meeting the demands of residents for services and amenities. However, production- and consumption-oriented strategies should not be seen as being incompatible. Consumption-oriented strategies aim at reducing the dependence on high-tech activities, but they also contribute to meeting some of the science park’s challenges, such as housing shortages. They also help attract and retain highly skilled executives or engineers in the science park. More than a consumption turn, recent local policies in Sophia mark a shift from a technopolitan production-oriented strategy to a hybrid strategy based on tools embedded in a vast continuum from production-oriented to consumption-oriented strategies.

Automatic wall slant angle map generation using 3D point clouds

Recently, quantitative and repetitive inspections of the old urban area were conducted because many structures exceed their designed lifetime. The health of a building can be validated from the condition of the outer wall, while the slant angle of the wall widely serves as an indicator of urban regeneration projects. Mostly, the inspector directly measures the inclination of the wall or partially uses 3D point measurements using a static light detection and ranging (LiDAR). These approaches are costly, time-consuming, and only limited space can be measured. Therefore, we propose a mobile mapping system and automatic slant map generation algorithm, configured to capture urban environments online. Additionally, we use the LiDAR-inertial mapping algorithm to construct raw point clouds with gravity information. The proposed method extracts walls from raw point clouds and measures the slant angle of walls accurately. The generated slant angle map is evaluated in indoor and outdoor environments, and the accuracy is compared with real tiltmeter measurements.