Urban Public Transport Research Articles

Preferensi Masyarakat Terhadap Ketersediaan Bus Trans Jakarta Sebagai Moda Alternatif

Halim Perdana Kusuma International Airport has a quite significant increasing number of passengers since it was operated commercially in 2014. The number of passengers in 2018 reached 7,446,544 people of a daily average passengers of 20,685 people. There are some advanced modes available in the airport; conventional taxis, online taxis and a number of bus from Damri. As the international airport located not far from the city center, closely linked to issues of congestion and air pollution, the urban public transportation is one of the solutions to meet people’s mobility needs, including travel to and/or from the airport. This study analyzes that people prefer Trans Jakarta bus infrastructure to be built in the airport as the new alternative mode to support onward travel to and/or from the airport. The data collection was carried out using an online survey and processed using Descriptive analysis method. The results of the research show that 64.8% of the respondents stated that the current advanced modes of transportation in the airport have not fully provided for the community who use them as the alternative modes and 95.8% of the respondents are willing to switch to Trans Jakarta bus when the infrastructure has been built. This study also analyzes the factors could influence respondents’ interests to provide recommendations to formulate the sustainable public transportation modes policies.

Indoor air quality of urban public transportation stations in China: Based on air quality evaluation indexes

Indoor air quality (IAQ) of urban public transportation stations (UPTS) has adverse health impacts on the station employees and commuters. However, there is a lack of comprehensively evaluations of IAQ in waiting rooms of UPTS. Therefore, it is crucial to select appropriate air quality indexes (including fuzzy synthetic index (B), comprehensive index (P), I1 index, and indoor air quality index (IAQI)) to assess air quality and potential health risks. Our study is a subsample of the CPPEHS 2019 study, which included 224 UPTS in 126 cities of China. We found that P index showed an excellent air quality rate of 95.96% in the railway stations and 83.19% in the inter-city bus stations. The P index was correlated with UPTS usage years, useable area, and per passenger useable area. Furthermore, waiting rooms in UPTS with good (OR = 1.9187, 95% CI: 1.1204, 3.2859) and bad (OR = 2.0854, 95% CI: 1.2182, 3.5698) air quality evaluated by P index had a higher risk of rhinitis compared to those with excellent air quality. Similarly, UPTS with good (OR = 2.2202, 95% CI: 1.3427, 3.6711), bad (OR = 1.7897, 95% CI: 1.0807, 2.9637), and serious (OR = 1.7478, 95% CI: 1.0098, 3.0250) air quality evaluated by P index were associated with a higher risk of pharyngitis. These findings suggested that P index is the optimal index for assessing air quality in UPTS, while IAQI may exaggerate indoor air pollution and the B index may underestimate it. Overall, this study aims to identify and evaluate the more suitable air quality index (P) in nationwide UPTS, providing valuable insights for control of IAQ and guiding the air quality management and standards.

Using an Artificial Neural Network to Record and Analyse the Performance Indicators of a Transport Enterprise

Recently, the issue of determining actual values of passenger flow processed by urban public and suburban transport on each section of the route in real time has become even more relevant since those values affect planning, organisation of operations and performance of transport enterprises.It is not possible to assess the real volume of passenger flow with the number of tickets issued to passengers due to the large number of unaccounted passengers (the discrepancy between the number of tickets issued to passengers and the real number of passengers transported).The objective of the study which results are described in the article was to develop an intelligent system for calculating and analysing the transport enterprise performance, which allows automatically collecting, processing and analysing information about passenger flows, calculating the passenger rotation ratio on the route, drawing up optimal bus schedules and timetables, adjusting vehicle traffic intervals, determining the need for rolling stock to minimise the likelihood that a passenger is denied boarding, improving the quality of passenger service and reducing the operating costs of a transport enterprise.Real-time calculation of passenger flow values for each vehicle on the route of urban public transport is carried out by a quantitative method based on artificial neural network technology, which allows automatic processing of a large amount of information from CCTV cameras installed in vehicle interiors.The use of theoretical research methods helped to create an intelligent system capable to analyse and compare the number of tickets issued to passengers with the actual number of passengers transported on Samara city public transport route, the results were displayed through a graphical user interface. It was possible to reveal dependences of the number of unaccounted passengers on the route on the amount of passenger flow and the time of day.A possibility of using the proposed intelligent system in commuter trains was noted, provided that the cars are equipped with video surveillance cameras.

A case study on fatigue life assessment of an electric bus bodywork

Bus bodywork requires a thorough assessment of strength and fatigue life. The rise of battery-powered electric buses in the market brings new challenges due to the weight of the battery containers affecting the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle and the stress on its bodywork and chassis frame. When a manufacturer decides to develop a conceptually new vehicle, it does not initially have the precise input information necessary to assess the strength and fatigue life of the vehicle body. In particular, information about the future operating loads must be more or less estimated at the design stage of the structure and refinement is possible only after measurements with a vehicle prototype. This paper focuses on the fatigue life evaluation of the bodywork of a new articulated electric (battery) bus. The results are confronted with previous experience from the development and testing of the bodyworks of diesel buses and trolleybuses. Experimentally determined and statistically evaluated S-N curves of structural nodes welded from thin-walled profiles and measured stress spectra were used to estimate the fatigue life using the hypotheses of accumulation of fatigue damage. The findings resulted in recommendations to improve the operational reliability of a particular vehicle and provided challenges for future research. However, it should be noted that some of the findings and conclusions presented in this paper relate exclusively to the bodyworks of urban public transport vehicles and not to long-distance passenger transport vehicles.

АНАЛИЗ ДОРОЖНО-ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ТРАВМАТИЗМА НА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН ЗА 2018-2022 гг.

Report. Introduction. Road traffic accidents involving passenger transport vehicles are characterized by highly severe consequences and usually cause massive public outcry. Major accidents involving public transport occur infrequently, but they are always characterized by many victims, injured and dead. Aim of this paper is to study the injury degree of road traffic accidents involving passenger transport vehicles, such as buses, trolleybuses, or trams. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the data made available via the federal statistical observation over road accidents involving motor and public transport in the Republic of Tatarstan over the years 2018-2022. For this purpose, we used generalization methods and quantitative, qualitative, and comparative analysis techniques. Mathematical simulation techniques were used to analyze the data with the computational tools of the MS Excel electronic package. Необходимо повышение осведомленности пассажиров о правилах безопасности и процедурах эвакуации в случае чрезвычайного проис- шествия. Results and Discussion. An acute problem of modern society is the lack of effectively ensuring passenger transport safety, which leads to more frequent road accidents and injuries on the roads. Transporting passengers by urban public transport is one of the most important industries in the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan. Road safety issues are a priority in many strategic and program documents of the socio-economic development of the Republic. Human factor is one of the key factors in ensuring road safety. The most common causes of such accidents are speed limit violations and drivers’ inattention and negligence. Eventually, drivers’ failure to comply with the work-rest ratio leads to accidents and loss of life. There is a need for raising passengers’ awareness of safety rules and emergency evacuation procedures. Conclusions. There are still serious shortcomings in traffic management, leading to accidents with many dead and injured. Implementing measures aimed at preventing road accidents will help enhance road safety and significantly reduce the number of accidents.

Cyclist Injuries from Tram Track Incidents: A Retrospective 10-Year Analysis

Trams are widely used for urban public transportation. The aim of this study was to identify the total number of accidents and common injury patterns of tram-system-related cycling injuries. All patients attending the traumatology emergency department of University Hospital of Innsbruck between January 2010 and December 2019 due to tram-track-related bike crashes were identified. Patient demographics; date, time, and mechanism of the accident; type of injury; exact diagnosis and subsequent treatment; as well as direct treatment costs were evaluated and analyzed. A total of 378 patients (56.1% female; mean age: 38.4 years) were identified. Bike tire wedging was the most frequent accident mechanism (95.2%). A total of 108 patients (28.7%) sustained a total number of 135 fractures, predominately of the upper limb. Twenty-six patients (7.0%) required surgical treatment. No patient in this collective died as a result of the injuries sustained in the accident. During the time of this analysis, the city government implemented several measures to increase cyclists’ safety. For the main injury site, a sharp reduction in injuries was observed. Urban tram tracks are a significant risk factor for cycling-related injuries. Injuries might be reduced with the implementation of cyclist-friendly safety measures.

Resilience assessment model for urban public transportation systems based on structure and function

Urbanization and the increasing frequency of extreme climates affect the sustainability of urban public transportation systems, and improving resilience is one of the primary directions for sustainable development. To scientifically assess the resilience of urban public transportation systems, a resilience assessment model based on structure and function is established in this study. This model mathematically quantifies and simulates the structural and functional changes in public transportation systems under disruption scenarios and provides a comprehensive assessment of six abilities: 1) structural resistance, 2) structural recoverability, 3) functional resistance, 4) functional recoverability, 5) passenger adaptability, and 6) management adaptability. Depending on the initial failure stations, this model can simulate the resilience of a public transportation system under various scenarios. This model is applied to assess the resilience of public transportation systems in a provincial capital city under an equipment failure scenario. The results show that the impact of equipment failure on resilience varies according to the metro lines, and improvement strategies for functional recoverability and management adaptability are proposed. The weaknesses in the resilience of urban public transportation systems can be identified using the proposed model, which helps provide strategies for improving the capacity to face perturbations.

Should Smart Cities Introduce a New Form of Public Transport Vehicles?

This study shows the concept of an innovative road and rail vehicle as a new form of public transport. Our literature review shows that the idea of a “smart city” contains not only new tools but also vehicles or infrastructure. The new vehicle is proposed based on the observed development of urban public transport means and other novel solutions. A slight innovation proposed here could allow the use of typical and operated tram routes for modified buses. A new type of vehicle could use both the existing tram routes and newly constructed sections with no tracks. It is assumed that new vehicles would drive with trams on the same, shared tracks. All of the conditions should reduce the costs of developing public transport networks in many cities where tram networks already exist. This paper contains a description of the idea and a potential case study location. The implementation conditions are outlined in the Discussion section. The title’s question is also considered there: “Should smart cities introduce a new form of public transport vehicles?” In addition, the potential benefits as well as threats are presented. Conclusions define the next steps for the research. So, this paper is an introduction to the wider research. It will popularize the idea of a new vehicle and could motivate the industry to construct a prototype. At this stage, no models or detailed calculations were conducted.

Equilibrium Problem for the Stochastic Multi-Weighted Urban Public Transportation System with Time Delay: A Graph-Theoretic Method

This paper focuses on the equilibrium problem of an urban public transportation system with time delay. Time delay, multi-weights, and stochastic disturbances are considered in the urban public transportation system. Hence, one can regard the urban public transportation system as a stochastic multi-weighted delayed complex network. By combining graph theory and the Lyapunov method, the global Lyapunov function is constructed indirectly. Moreover, the response system can realize synchronization with the drive system under the adaptive controller. In other words, the urban public transportation system is balanced in the actual running traffic network. Finally, numerical examples about the Chua system and small-world network are presented to confirm the accuracy and validity of the theoretical results.

Method for multiple attribute group decision making with single-valued neutrosophic number and applications to service quality evaluation of urban public transport

In the process of urban development in our country, the traffic problem is a major problem that must be faced. At present, there are serious traffic jams in many cities, and with the use of a large number of private cars, the air environment in the cities is gradually deteriorated, which also brings a lot of energy consumption. Only by vigorously developing public transportation and encouraging and guiding citizens to choose the public transportation system as their travel mode can we give full play to the value of road resources. The service quality evaluation of urban public transport is viewed as the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) issue. In this paper, the EDAS method is extended to the single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) setting to deal with MAGDM and the computational steps for all designs are listed. Finally, the service quality evaluation of urban public transport is given to demonstrate the SVNN-EDAS model and some good comparative analysis is done to demonstrate the SVNN-EDAS.

The influence of consumer experience on the assessment of perceived transport accessibility in the metropolis

Purpose: is to assess of the degree of influence of consumer experience, expressed in terms of the frequency of use of ground public transport services, on the perception of transport accessibility in Moscow by consumers of such services.Methods: the research hypotheses were tested on the basis of the dimensions of the perception of transport accessibility for 17 attributes. An online survey of the perception of transport accessibility in terms of these attributes was conducted on a representative sample of 1,500 observations in Moscow. The significance of the results was tested using the chi-square test at a significance level of 5%.Results: the first hypothesis was confirmed about the presence of a positive relationship between the variables "frequency of use" and "perception of the availability of ground urban public transport" for seventeen attributes. As part of testing the second hypothesis for 7 out of 17 attributes, differences in the assessments of the perception of transport accessibility of different categories of passengers depending on the frequency of transport use were revealed. The focus of researchers on the negative experience of consumers with different frequency of use of transport made it possible to identify two consumer segments with a higher proportion of dissatisfied consumers relative. Due to different consumer experience and the nature of consumer dissatisfaction the authors propose differentiated management and marketing solutions to improve the experience of these consumers and change their perception of transport accessibility in Moscow.Conclusions and Relevance: it has been proven that the perception of transport accessibility depends on consumer experience and frequency of use of Ground Urban Passenger Transport (GUPT) services. The optimal level of use of public transport services at which positive consumer experience is formed has been determined. The authors believe that digitization of the economy, remote work tendencies, and urban infrastructure planning will change the transport behavior of consumers, enabling passengers to reduce the number of trips, bringing them closer to the optimal level. Understanding the interrelation between the frequency of use of GUPT services and differences in consumer perceptions of individual attributes of transport accessibility allows us to make decisions on managing the transport behavior of different consumer segments.

A multiscale spatial analysis of taxi ridership

Taxi plays a supplement role in sustainable development of urban public transport systems. However, the extent to which the built environment affects taxi ridership at various spatial scales deserves further exploration because understanding the true spatial heterogeneity across a varying scale could be valuable for both global and localized policy decision-makings. In this study, we attempt to analyze and discuss the spatial predictors of taxi ridership by utilizing an multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model and comparing the model's performance to that of ordinary least square (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. Using the taxi data of Xi'an city, we found that the MGWR model could explain 81.8% of the total taxi ridership fluctuations and allows localized and targeted policy makings to help taxi drivers search for passengers and to improve passengers' taxi-hailing experiences in specific districts.

EVALUATING THE SUCCESS FACTORS OF INTEGRATING THE RAILWAY INTO THE PUBLIC URBAN–SUBURBAN TRANSPORT

The success of integrating the railway into the public urban and suburban transport depends upon a range of internal and external factors, with challenges arising in their number and complex interdependence. Furthermore, the significance and impact of some factors are uneven in cities. There is a necessity for the right mix of different factors that drive significant use of railway into the Public Transport System (PTS). The research problem is finding and defining factors needed to assess the success of railway implementation into public urban and suburban transport. An efficiency analysis of the factors that impact the level of the planned transport system use was conducted in a hierarchical or network system. The 1st step of research is to the determination of relevant factors. In this research 27 factors were determined. Based on the determining factors and their connection it is possible to design an Analytic Network Process (ANP) to evaluate the importance of factors. Factors are divided into 4 clusters: (1) user features, (2) road transport features, (3) services features, and (4) city and corridor features. Testing was carried out by group decision-making process by members of an expert panel. According to the testing, the most important factors according to their weight are: (1) frequency with 0.11651, (2) employment level with 0.10146, (3) ticket price with 0.09714, (4) reliability with 0.07256, and (5) integration of services with 0,07065. Using the weight of each factor it is possible to evaluate the success likelihood of a concrete project. In this research case study was oriented on integrating the railway into the public urban and suburban transport in the City of Rijeka in Croatia. For this purpose, the relevance of the determined weight factors was used for the concrete project of integration in the City of Rijeka that resulting in 67.17% fulfilment of the successful integration railway into the public urban and suburban transport.

An Electric Bus Battery Swapping Station Location Method Based on Global Optimized Peak Traffic Flow

The electric bus is an extremely important part of urban public transportation and has a huge impact on the ecosystem. However, the battery capacity is still a tough problem, and electric buses often face a booming demand for charging during peak periods. This paper focuses on the problem of electric bus battery swapping station (BSS) location. Based on the traffic flow assignment theory, this paper proposes a hybrid traffic assignment method based on GA and Frank–Wolfe algorithm, which has proved to be closer to the global optimum than the traditional method. This paper proposes a BSS selection model considering service quality as an evaluating indicator and a simulation is made based on a virtual road network. Compared with the traditional method, the result from the hybrid method is more suitable for electric buses when considering the situation at peak hours.

Discovering urban mobility structure: a spatio-temporal representational learning approach

ABSTRACTThe urban mobility structure is a summary of individual movement patterns and the interaction between persons and the urban environment, which is extremely important for urban management and public transportation route planning. The majority of current research on urban mobility structure discovery utilizes the urban environment as a static network to detect the relationship between people groups and urban areas, ignoring the vital problem of how individuals affect urban mobility structure dynamically. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal representational learning method based on reinforcement learning for discovering urban mobility structures, in which the model can effectively consider the interaction knowledge graph of individuals with stations while accounting for the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of individual travel. The experimental results demonstrate the advantages of individual travel-based urban mobility structure discovery research in describing the interaction between individuals and urban areas, which can account for the intrinsic influence more thoroughly.

Determinants of non-compliance attitudes to the smoke-free policy among the Bangladeshi urban public transport drivers

Determinants of non-compliance attitudes to the smoke-free policy among the Bangladeshi urban public transport drivers

OPTIMIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE FLEET OF TRACKLESS VEHICLES SERVING URBAN PASSENGER ROUTES BASED ON THE RESULTS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING

The article analyzes scientific works aimed at improving the efficiency of urban passenger transport systems, its results are presented. The importance of the structural parameters of the rolling stock as an element determining the quality and efficiency of the transport process is noted. In terms of the development of existing developments, a set of methods is proposed that allow mathematical modeling of passenger flows of urban passenger transport routes and indicators of the efficiency of servicing these routes by a fleet with specified structural parameters. Based on the simulation results, the areas of effective use of various types of transport and categories of vehicles are determined. The obtained data can be used as initial information in determining the optimal structural parameters of the fleet of vehicles serving urban passenger routes.
 Purpose – improving the efficiency of the urban passenger transport complex on the basis of optimizing the structural parameters of the fleet of vehicles.
 Methodology: during the research, the following methods were used: theory of technical operation of cars; methods of technical and economic analysis; theory of operational properties of cars; probability theory; methods of mathematical analysis; theory of management of socio-technical systems.
 Results: a set of interrelated methods has been developed that allow to simulate passenger flows of urban passenger routes and determine key performance indicators for the operation of various modes of transport and categories of vehicles. The values of annual traffic volumes determining the areas of their effective application are determined.
 Practical implications: research and practical activities in the field of organization of public transport services by urban passenger public transport.

How have digital mobility platforms responded to COVID-19 and why does this matter for ‘the urban’?

Digital mobility platforms have become increasingly pervasive over the last decade or so in a wide variety of urban contexts. Much digital mobility platform activity has focused on city centres and urban cores, where returns on investment are often seen to be greatest, where existing transport infrastructure can be thick and where there are concentrated circulations of people. The global spread of coronavirus from early 2020 resulted in widespread policies of social distancing and lockdowns. Though there was a geographical unevenness to such policies, COVID-19 saw dramatic reductions in urban public transport provision and use, and new forms of experimentation with urban infrastructures, including with digital mobility platforms. How digital mobility platforms have responded to COVID-19 is not clearly understood and requires systematic research engagement. To address this we ask: how have digital mobility platforms responded to COVID-19 and what are the implications of this for ‘the urban’? We develop a stylised understanding of six digital platform responses to COVID-19. The status of these six responses is that they are synthetic and propositional and need to be systematically tested in a variety of actually existing urban contexts.

Classifying station areas in greater Manchester using the node-place-design model: A comparative analysis with system centrality and green space coverage

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is receiving increasing attention from planners and policymakers as an essential strategy for addressing urban travel inequalities and air pollution. As an analytical method based on the conceptual construct of TOD, the node-place-design (NPD) model is utilized by researchers to assess TOD in urban public transport systems. However, current research prioritizes local perspectives of station development and fails to identify the functions of stations at the system level. In addition, few TOD-related analyses have considered the ecological aspects of cities. In the present study, we used an NPD model to evaluate TOD development at rail stations in Greater Manchester. We incorporated extended indicators of systemic importance and green space coverage in our analysis to provide additional insight into the model. First, we found a low level of TOD integration around stations in Greater Manchester, and some differences in development levels around train stations and Metrolink stations. Second, a comparison with the extended system importance indicators revealed the potential for significant differences in the NPD index and the system importance indicators of stations. This identified some stations that have the potential to take on new routes and some areas that are worthy of transit-oriented development. Finally, we found a specific negative correlation between the NPD index and the green space indicator. This indicated that the TOD model sacrifices green space to a certain extent and demonstrated the importance of including ecological indicators in the TOD assessment. The present study provides additional insight into the NPD model by introducing extended systemic and ecological indicators.

The vehicle routing problem with underground logistics: Formulation and algorithm

Recognizing the pressure on urban logistics and the overcapacity of urban public transportation systems during off-peak hours, this study investigates a subway-assisted delivery model. This is a system in which part of the goods to be delivered into a city can be transferred to specific subway stations in advance (e.g., during the night) using underground logistics. During the day, vehicles can then be replenished at these subway stations. In our study, we investigate how a system of this kind affects the decisions to be made by a logistics service provider. We introduce the vehicle routing problem with underground logistics to model how to find the best vehicle routes and goods transfer plan in this system. First, we formulate this problem as a mixed integer linear model. Then, we propose a problem-customized adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic algorithm to solve it. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our methodology performs well in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. Additionally, we discuss the resulting schedules and include a sensitivity analysis of the transfer prices to provide information that can be used in strategic and tactical decision making in a subway-assisted delivery system.