Urban Public Passenger Transport Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

The development of the conceptual apparatus in the field of assessing the organization of urban passenger transportation allows us to form objective evaluation mechanisms for further improvement of the work of urban public passenger transport. Today in the presence of a number of problems in the field of transport services for the population of large and largest cities the task of forming a sound assessment system for the organization of urban passenger transportation becomes the most urgent. However for such an assessment different authors use different categories: "effectiveness", "efficiency", and "quality". There are no works that would allow us to determine the most appropriate category in relation to the functioning of urban public passenger transport. The article conducts a study of these categories, presents their comparative analysis and considers the possibilities of their use to evaluate the operation of the system in question. Purpose. The main objective of the article is to select a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation. Methodology. The method of analysis and the method of systematization of data were used in carrying out the research. Results. The essence of each of such categories as "effectiveness", "efficiency" and "quality" in relation to the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is determined. The interrelationships between the categories and their significant differences are determined. The choice of the category of assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation is justified. The scope of the results. The results obtained can be guided by scientists and specialists involved in the assessment of the organization of urban passenger transportation. Conclusions. It is recommended when choosing a category for evaluating the organization of urban passenger transportation to reflect its essence, which is defined in this article.

Modern issues of forming an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of public urban passenger transport systems

The article is devoted to the formation of an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of public urban passenger transport systems. The great potential of urban passenger transportation in maintaining the economic stability of the regions and the important social significance for the population substantiate the relevance of forming reliable estimates of the transportation process in the city. However, at present there are problems in the field of forming an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of public urban passenger transport systems. These problems do not allow the formation of sufficient and reliable evaluation indicators that would help to form timely corrective actions and sound management decisions. The article analyzes these problems and based on it, the requirements for evaluating the effectiveness of public urban passenger transport systems are compiled. Based on these requirements, an algorithm for forming a performance assessment model in the field under consideration has been formed. The results of the study can be useful both for specialists in the field of planning transport processes in the city, and as a theoretical basis for the formation of a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of public urban passenger transport systems.

EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL TO INCREASE RETURN ON WORK
 URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT DAILY PASSENGER VOLUME FORECAST

The size of passenger traffic is one of the fundamental values in the organization of urban passenger traffic in
 regular traffic. It determines the number of passenger vehicles (PTS) on the route, their capacity, traffic intervals. At
 the same time, the volume of passenger traffic is not constant and can change daily depending on the day of the week,
 month of the year and other factors. At the same time, the number of vehicles operating on the route, their capacity and
 intervals of movement, as a rule, change only by the type of day of the week (weekday/weekend) and by season (summer/
 winter schedule). In such conditions, there is often an excess of carrying capacity compared to with the available
 capacity of passenger traffic, which leads to an unjustified increase in the cost of urban public passenger transport
 (OPPT). Therefore, the creation of conditions under which the transportation capacity of the PTS will be as close as
 possible to the size of the passenger traffic will increase the payback of the work of the GOPT.
 
 The purpose of the publication is to establish factors that significantly affect the amount of daily passenger traffic
 and assess the feasibility of daily adjustment of the transportation capacity of the TCP to the forecast value of passenger
 traffic, taking into account such factors.

Assessment of impact of priority movement for urban public passenger transport on the quality of passenger service

Problem. The article presents a view on solving the problem of the management formation measures to improve the quality of public transport services through the feasibility justification of implementing priority movement of urban public passenger transport in relation to the assessment of passengers' perception of the actual travel time along the route. Goal. The purpose of the work is to establish a characteristic relationship between the traffic parameters of route vehicles in the conditions of the priority of urban public passenger transport and time indicators of the quality assessment of passenger transport services. Method. The methodological basis for establishing a connection between traffic parameters in terms of the priority of urban public passenger transport and time indicators for evaluating the quality of transport service is a set of developed analytical models that describe the process of formation of passenger exchange at stopping points and time parameters of vehicle movement. Results. On the basis of the functional connection for the selected structure of the research object, it was established that the implementation of the urban public passenger transport priority with the organization of traffic on special lanes and unhindered passage of regulated intersections plays a significant role in improving the quality of passenger transport services. Originality. The assessment of the quality of transport service is based on establishing the level of compliance of each passenger's actual travel time with the previously planned. The use of travel time as a primary evaluation indicator is due to its leading role in the formation of quality criteria and the presence of influence on the parameters that determine the level of transport supply on the route. Practical meaning. The distribution of passengers at stops on route No. 24 «micro-district 602 – Akademika Pavlova subway st.» (Kharkiv, Ukraine) was obtained during modeling between the levels of perception of the quality of transport service showed that for everyday conditions, 8.9% and 27.8% of passengers (36.7% in total) receive a high-quality and suitable assessment, for traffic priority by sections – 32.3% and 64% (96.3% in total), when organizing priority passage at the intersection – 57.5% and 40.4% (97.9% in total). The obtained results indicate the expediency of implementing priority traffic from the standpoint of assessing the level of improvement in the quality of passenger service.

News of Transport Industry in November–December 2022

Our Journal publishes a selection of materials prepared based on news reports of the press centre of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and dedicated to several significant events of the past two months and some results of the entire 2022. The information refers to implementation of the national project «Safe High-Quality Roads», supply of new rolling stock for urban public passenger transport systems, modernisation, and safety of roads in general and on tourist routes, the impact of implementation of the national project on assessment of quality and accessibility of roads by public opinions. The information also covers issues of introducing new intelligent transport systems in cities, new legislative regulation of taxi services, the work of the CIS Transport Coordination Meeting, and reconstruction of the border crossing between Russia and Azerbaijan. In terms of the activities of the transport education system, attention is drawn to the past competitions of transport universities.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ ВМЕСТИМОСТИ МОДУЛЯ В СОСТАВЕ ПАССАЖИРСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ РЕГУЛЯРНЫХ ГОРОДСКИХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК

Despite the huge role played by urban public passenger transport (UPPT), the technologies for organizing its functioning are outdated, which leads to inefficient use of passenger vehicle capacity (PVC), an increase in the cost of transportation and, as a result, to a decrease in the recoupment of the functioning of UPPT. One of the methods by which it is possible to increase the recoupment of the UPPT functioning is the use of modular PVC of the identical capacity. During the passenger traffic growth periods, the quantity of modules is added to them, and during the periods of passenger traffic decline, it decreases, thereby reducing prime costs of transportation. The article provides a substantiation for the optimal capacity of such a modular PVC, the structure of which would ensure maximum recoupment of the functioning of urban public passenger transport.

Features of Development of Route Networks of Public Urban Passenger Transport in Russian Monotowns: the Case of the City of Nizhnekamsk

Currently, improvement of public transport of general use is among priority areas for development of urban transport systems. Convenient public transport routes, combined with modern rolling stock and a developed transport infrastructure, allow solving most transport problems and ensure high mobility of residents and guests of a city. The objective of the research, main results of which are described in the paper, was to build an efficient urban public transport network in monotowns of Russia to ensure sustainability of functioning of public passenger transport intended for general use. The article presents an option for solving the problem of functioning of public transport in single-industry towns. Very often, in such cities (with enterprises pronouncedly influencing urban planning), there are two mutually exclusive transport networks, namely, municipal one and contracted one (contracted by an enterprise and intended for shift rotation). As a result, contracted routes are not optimal, municipal carriers suffer losses, transport companies do not meet the schedule, switch to a less capacious type of vehicles, and consequently people are dissatisfied with the work of public transport in the city. To solve these problems, it is proposed to combine the municipal and contracted networks into a single transport network of the city.

Energy aspect of improving the public city passenger transport system in Sarajevo

In the last 5 years, several projects have been initiated in Sarajevo Canton that are focused on strengthening the identity of the city, promoting and implementing the concept of urban mobility, green and smart city. The issue of energy efficiency is included in all projects and from that aspect, among other things, the improvement of the public city passenger transport service is observed. This paper analyzes the state of public urban transport from the energy aspect, the savings that are achieved, the methodology for calculating savings and the effects that would be achieved through the implementation of planned projects for the development and reorganization of public urban passenger transport.

Development of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport

Setting the task of improving the efficiency of the functioning of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport, which ensures the achievement of the goals set from the standpoint of a client-oriented approach, requires the establishment of regularities for the transformation of the managed system in order to develop management tools that are relevant to future changes in the system and operating factors. To do this, it is necessary to solve a number of specific tasks: to justify the priority of a value-oriented approach as an imperative for the organization of urban public passenger transport logistics systems in the context of new mobility, to identify and systematize the determinants of the development of urban public passenger transport logistics systems, to substantiate the promising states of the structural and dynamic characteristics of urban public transport logistics systems. public passenger transport, to develop strategic structural and functional models for organizing the logistics system of urban public passenger transport. The basis of the research is formed by fundamental and applied works in the field of the general theory of logistics, the concepts of marketing and service logistics, transport and logistics services, the theory of passenger transportation, and the theory of consumer value. In the course of solving problems, general scientific and special methods were used, including a systematic approach, methods of structural-dynamic analysis and structural design, methods of expert assessments, situational and scenario analysis, visualization and meaningful interpretation of factual data. The most significant results of the study: an organizational and economic mechanism is proposed based on the principle of the relationship between the value characteristics of transport and logistics services in the logistics system of urban public passenger transport and the parameters of service and passenger flows, including a set of methods for economic and administrative-legal regulation of the cost parameters of the logistics system using detailed factorial system of customer satisfaction.

Indicator for Assessing Availability of Rolling Stock for Public Urban Passenger Transport

The objective of the article is to develop and to substantiate adequacy of the proposed indicator for assessing availability of rolling stock for urban mass transit or urban passenger transport (UPT). As such an indicator, it is recommended to use a calculated indicator: a conventional one-hundred-seat vehicle. The currently used indicators characterising provision of UPT with vehicles, consider only the physical number of the latter. This does not provide an assessment of carrying capacity of UPT, considering the existing operating conditions (real operating speeds on the routes of UPT, the existing level of the coefficient of the fleet being used on the routes as compared to the total number of fleet units, etc.). The proposed indicator of availability of the rolling stock considers not only the natural number of vehicles, but also their passenger capacity, the indicated significant technical and operational indicators of the vehicle fleet. The basis for assessing the carrying capacity of the rolling stock fleet is a conventional one-hundred-seat bus, which performs transportation on routes with an average operating speed. For real buses, this basic unit is adjusted in accordance with real travel speeds and the prevailing values of technical and operational indicators. A similar adjustment is performed for real trolleybuses and tram cars, which makes it possible to level the operational differences in the rolling stock of various types of UPT to compare them in terms of carrying capacity.The methodology used in preparation of the article is based on the integrated use of scientific knowledge in the fields of applied science on operation of transport, statistics (statistical observation and accounting of the work of UPT), a comparative analysis of indicators used in various industries, in particular, in agriculture to assess the level of provision with the main production vehicles (conventional tractor), benchmarking research and development of Russian and foreign authors on the problem of improving operation of UPT.The indicator is intended for use in development and assessment of the level of implementation of programs for development of UPT and the urban environment, analysis of the quality of transport planning and services provided to passengers, comparisons of provision with vehicles in different cities.

Applying complex network theory to the analysis of Mexico city metro network (1969 – 2018)

In the last fifty years, urban public passenger transport has undergone a huge transformation as cities grow, however, the transport system has not grown at the same speed. In the specific case of Mexico City, we analyzed the Metro public transport system, considering how it has changed over time; how it has become a network that can be analyzed from the perspective of complex networks, this approach is appropriate because it is a dynamic and stochastic network, which allows to study its evolution over time and how its evolution can be measured using the metrics for said networks. The results of the analysis show that the degree distribution in the Metro network has increasingly fitted in with the behavior of a scale-free network; the hub, betweenness and clustering indices also show that the stations with the highest values in each one of these measurements have been displaced from the central area and are now located in the eastern part of the city. In each period, the diameter of the network has increased at a variable rate. It must be pointed out that so far, the diameter has grown following a potential model without giving signs of an apparent contraction. Finally, an update of the current conditions of the subway as well as future work and recommendations are presented.

Structure of Passenger Transport Service Utility for Population

Purpose. The research is aimed at the development of scientific and technological bases for determining the utility of passenger transport services for the population in the conditions of formation of phased quality management. Methodology. The structure of the utility of passenger transport services for the population is determined on the basis of developing a systematic representation of the characteristic impact of the perception of management decisions effectiveness for improving the quality of transport services on mobility. The account of complex system properties of city public passenger transport is realized by construction of interlevel interrelations and establishment of methodical regulations for coordinating the parameters of quality management of public transport service with the indicators of its utility perception. Findings. The presented logical sequence of population mobility formation is based on reproduction of the general conditions of increasing transport service utility due to step-by-step realization of control actions that makes it possible to establish conditions of their expediency and parameterization. A model of marginal utility has been developed to qualitatively assess the technological utility of urban public passenger transport. It is presented in the form of a category that reproduces the relationship between the result of changes in the quality of transport services, consumer utility of transport services and the level of resources used. Originality. The procedure for assessing the consumer utility of urban public passenger transport has been formalized, which, in contrast to the existing ones, is based on the established impact of technological parameters of routes on the formation of population mobility and ensures accounting of transport service quality indicators in determining the technological utility. Practical value. The application of the theory of utility in improving the operation of urban public passenger transport in general contributes to the development of the theory of passenger traffic management and can significantly increase the effectiveness of the choice of rational management measures to improve technological processes and the quality of transport services. The conditions for the formation of a positive impact of consumer utility of urban passenger transport on the mobility of the urban population are established. Based on the selected connection, it is possible to form a system of parameters for assessing the quality of public transport services.

Ensuring priority of public urban passenger transport on urban road network

Recently, in large and medium-sized cities, the increase in a load of highways is aggravated by the growth of motorization and the lack of development of the road network. An increase in the traffic intensity of vehicles to a critical level leads to an excess of the throughput of highways. The consequence is an increase in the level of road traffic delay. One of the most vulnerable groups is public urban mass passenger transport. This article discusses the methodology for determining the need to allocate a separate lane for the movement of public urban passenger transport on a given section of the road network. The purpose of this work is to identify patterns between the parameters of traffic flows and the parameters of the transportation program for public urban passenger transport, based on which criteria will be formulated for the need to allocate a separate lane for the movement of urban land transport on each separate section of the route network. For quality improvement of passenger transportation, a mathematical model has been developed, which is based on such indicators as the level of traffic delay and the share of the passenger flow in the total flow of traffic participants. Necessary conditions have been formulated, the strict implementation of which determines the need to ensure the priority of urban mass public transport on the considered section of the city’s road network. The resulting dependencies allow determining the need to ensure the priority of urban transport. The proposed model makes it possible to determine the rationality of the allocation of individual lanes, traffic for public transport following the level of traffic in the city’s road network. This study can become the basis for an algorithm for the operation of interactive signs that regulate traffic on a given stretch of the city’s road network.

Methodological Approaches to Providing State Support for Development of Public Urban Passenger Transport

The article, based on the analysis of the existing methods for selection of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to be provided with federal support in modernization of the rolling stock of public urban passenger transport and introduction of intelligent transport systems within the framework of the national project «Safe and High-Quality Highways», highlights main approaches and principles used by the federal authorities as guidelines when making decision on the public state support of the activity planned by the regions in the field of urban transport development. The adequacy of these approaches is considered for cases when state support for public urban passenger transport should be provided on an emergency basis (in particular, under the conditions of a sharp decrease in passenger traffic and ticket revenue due to anti-epidemic measures), proposals are formulated to update these approaches.

Models of Organization and Management of Passenger Public Urban Transport Systems

The paper gives an overview of the model of organization in the management of public urban passenger transport systems (JGTP), which are applied in world cities as well as in some cities in the region. These are complex systems with components of economic, technical, technological and organizational nature, as well as elements of planning, arrangement and organization of space and impact on the environment and its protection, at the same time, as a public service, it is a specific network of various organizational and spatial entities. Systems are open transport systems with stochastic state change.

Optimizing the route network of the city

Improving the quality of passenger service by public transport is a priority in major cities of the Russian Federation. One of the important indicators of the quality of transport services in passenger transport is the regularity of transportation, which, in addition to the planned traffic intervals, also depends on factors related to the conditions of public transport in the settlement (the intensity and composition of the traffic flow, the structure of passenger traffic, the mode of traffic lights, atmospheric conditions). The article analyzes the regularity of urban public passenger transport in the conditions of the city of Ryazan, by studying the intervals of arrival of vehicles at stops along a given route. According to the results of the study, serious problems were identified in the existing route network, and measures were outlined to eliminate shortcomings in the operation of urban transport by optimizing the city route network.

ENSURING PRIORITY FOR PUBLIC URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT ON URBAN STREETS AND ROAD NETWORK

Introduction.Recently, in large and medium-sized cities, the increase in traffic has been exacerbated by the growth of motorization and the lack of development of the road network. Increasing vehicle traffic to a critical level leads to overcapacity of the arteries and, as a consequence, increases the level of delay. Public urban mass passenger transport is one of the most vulnerable groups in this regard. In order to unload the city’s street network, it is necessary to reduce the level of road traffic. One of the effective measures to deal with this problem is to increase the attractiveness of urban mass passenger transport, i.e. to ensure an adequate level of service for passengers including high speed, which can be increased by giving priority to bus traffic. One of the prospects for prioritizing public urban transport is the development of individual lanes or streets for urban rolling stock only. Due to the lack of criteria for the allocation of separate lanes for urban rolling stock, they have begun to appear in the vast majority on the main streets of the city. There are a large number of urban highways used for the operation of only one public transport route with dedicated lanes on them. The need for such arrangements is questionable. It is therefore necessary to formulate the criteria that justify the need for a separate urban passenger lane on a given stretch of the city network. Thus, the purpose of this work is to identify patterns between traffic parameters and the parameters of the urban public passenger transport programme, which will determine the criteria for the need for a separate lane for urban land transport on each individual stretch of the network.Materials and methods.This article deals with the method of determining the need for a separate lane for public urban passenger transport on a given stretch of the road network. In order to improve the quality of the transport of passengers, a mathematical model has been developed, based on such indicators as the level of traffic delay and the share of passenger traffic in the total flow of participants. Results. The necessary conditions have been laid down the strict implementation of which determines the need to ensure the priority of urban mass public passenger transport on the section of the city’s street network under consideration.Discussion and conclusion.The dependencies obtained make it possible to identify the need to ensure the priority of urban transport.

Implementation of information systems in the organization of public passenger transport - examples from practice

The system of public urban transport of passengers should ensure the flow of people, goods and services in urban areas, occupying a special place in the city system and significantly affecting the sustainability of the city. Efficient organization and management of the system is not possible without proper information. An indispensable part of every modern system of public urban passenger transport are information technologies. Information technologies make the company more competitive, modern and more efficient, so without it's application it is impossible to survive in a market that is very demanding in terms of optimizing transport activities and processes. The paper presents the application of the information system in the organization of public urban passenger transport in the city of Belgrade.

ISSUES OF DESIGNING AND RESTRUCTURING THE ROUTE NETWORKS OF PUBLIC PASSENGER URBAN GROUND TRANSPORT

The urban passenger public transport as an important element of social infrastructure of megalopolises directly influences the quality of life of city residents, development of town-planning, social and economic potential. Efficiency of urban transport directly depends on the right choice and well-sought designing of its routes.The objective of the research was to develop based on the overview of existing methods for designing route networks of urban public passenger transport an updated technique allowing to restructure existing routes. The analysis of route network design methods permitted to reveal their advantages and disadvantages. An improved methodology for designing route networks is proposed, aimed at solving the problems of restructuring existing route networks and at practical implementation of the results considering existing constraints. The technique to design route networks of city districts and of small towns is based on the model of road and street network, shown as a detailed graph with subsequent consideration of the arrays of connections of all the vertices of the graph with several points of gravity. QGIS geoinformatics software used to build the graph allows to analyze, visualize, and facilitate the operations with the detailed graph of the transport network of a city district.Identifying of rational itineraries between points of departure and of gravity is executed by purposed selection of options by criterion of minimum travel time spending. Shaping out of routes is based on principles of integration of the most possible number of points (vertices of the graph) into the route.The application of an improved technique will allow to consider the changing demand of the population for transport services, make adjustments to the existing route network, thereby satisfying the population’s need for transportation and increasing the efficiency of urban transport networks and motor transport enterprises.

The task of determining the optimal structure of the rolling stock fleet of urban passenger transport

The task of determining the optimal structure of the capacity of the rolling stock fleet of urban public passenger transport is considered. In the article, on the basis of the balance between the intensity of passenger flows and the carrying capacity of the rolling stock fleet of public transport. This balance is determined on the basis of the analysis of technical and economic parameters of large, medium and small capacity buses. The break-even intervals relationship on the route of buses of different classes is considered. The article formulates a mathematical model for calculating the optimal structure of the fleet taking into account the interaction of routes; provides an algorithm for solving the problem, based on the principle of directed enumeration of options. The results of applying the proposed method on the example of passenger transport in the city of Krasnoyarsk are presented.