The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the 1960 census figures for t e cities of Morocco, and to discuss major changes in urban population data in recent years. Urban development in Morocco is proceeding at an ever-increasing tempo. The expansion in the Moroccan population which?with an annual increase of more than 3 per cent?has taken on the characteristics of a 'demographic explosion', has had its most noticeable effect in the towns. While the population as a whole has doubled in 28 years, the urban population has doubled in only 16 years. Although measurements of growth are possible with various parameters such as employment, growth in area and functions, etc, this paper views urban population primarily in quantitative terms {Population Legale du Maroc, 1961; Noin, 1962). We should not, however, lose this opportunity of drawing attention to certain problems connected with the rapid increase in the urban population which has made a notable difference to the geographical picture of the country. There are, first of all, the changed relations between town and country, due chiefly to the movement of country people into the urban centres, quite irrespective of the employment situa? tion ; this is a characteristic feature of all under-developed countries. This phenomenon can be explained chiefly by the increasing difficulties of a poor peasantry. There are also wide regional differences in urban development, which is by no means homogeneous in Morocco. Some towns have expanded only moderately, while others have had a very rapid increase in population. We must emphasize in this connection the relative decline of the traditional capitals of the interior (Fez, Marrakesh) at the expense of the modern towns of the Atlantic coast (Kenitra, Rabat, Casablanca). A change in the centres of activity of the country has, in fact, taken place with the development of external relations, especially with France, the colonizing power until 1956. It is noteworthy that one-third of the population of the country is concentrated in the Atlantic coastal areas, on a proportion of territory that is less than one-tenth of the total area, with a denser grouping around the industrial and urbanized axis of Casablanca-Kenitra.