Urban Planning Projects Research Articles

ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ГРАДОСТРОЕНИЯ

The article presents the results of the theoretical and practical foundations of information support for the management system in the field of urban planning. The relevance of this topic is related to the need to provide comfortable living conditions for Russian citizens in the urban environment. It is pointed out that the new economic conditions for the development of Russia require a rethinking of the dominants of urban planning, a shift in emphasis on the implementation of economically sound urban planning projects, a significant reduction in the timing of urban planning and the coordination of urban planning projects. In view of the foregoing, the main direction of modern urban planning is the introduction of technologies for urban forecasting, territorial and legal zoning and the formation of a sustainable urban environment, in which information modeling technologies for urban planning play a significant role. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific and special methods of cognition, namely, methods of analysis, classification, generalization, methods for systematizing approaches to information modeling, as well as methods for studying semi-structured systems. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the use of information technologies, intelligent systems, computer models for managing the development and operation of urban planning systems allows taking into account many variables, foreseeing the development of non-linear processes occurring in the urban environment, and performing research on synergistic effects. The application of the proposed integrated approaches will make it possible to predict the socio-economic development of the city, to determine the management actions that will lead to the most favorable development of events. The dominant trend in the study of complex systems, which includes the city, is the interpenetration of all types of modeling, the widespread use of information technologies using different models, methods and tools. Such an approach will make it possible to more thoroughly study the structure of the urban system, the dynamics of its development, integrity, give a rationale for the development of the city, carry out the reconstruction of buildings, plan the development of territories, determine the technical condition of buildings, etc. It is substantiated that modern information technologies make it possible to use quantitative and qualitative indicators of the state of development of the city, to substantiate management decisions in conditions of incomplete information, to form classifications of the studied phenomena, to analyze the content, to widely use heuristic rules, etc. by creating fundamentally new models of knowledge representation. At the same time, it is necessary to develop information technologies that will focus on the multi-level structure of city management, the multi-stage nature of managerial decision-making, the uncertainty and ambiguity of situations that exist in municipal government.

A method for automatically identifying vacant area in the current urban environment based on open source data

Urban development and effective land use planning are critical factors in creating sustainable and functional cities. Identifying vacant areas with development potential plays a crucial role in optimizing urban resources and contributes to making informed decisions for new projects and urban transformations. This paper presents a method for identifying vacant territories in the current urban environment to accommodate different infrastructures. The method uses modern technology and open-source data to identify vacant area that can become the object of urban planning and new construction projects. Taking into account such factors as accessibility, zoning rules and urban planning restrictions, the method offers a systematic approach to the assessment of urban development potential. The article describes the main steps of the method, including site selection, extracting sites and functional zones from public data sources, checking for compliance with urban planning regulations and restrictions, and cleaning up the data to eliminate geometric inconsistencies and shallow areas. Through detailed explanations, examples, and recommendations, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the method and its application in urban planning practice. The results of this study have important implications for sustainable urban development by enabling informed decision-making that meets the needs and aspirations of communities, contributing to economic growth and improving the overall quality of life. Ultimately, the method developed to identify vacant spaces offers a valuable tool for urban planners and decision-makers seeking to optimize land use and create dynamic and sustainable cities.

Conceptual Definition of the Term Experimental Architecture

Academic literature lacks an unambiguous term to describe architectural and urban planning projects that are borderline feasible, firmly bound to reality but simultaneously also liberated from it, representing an inevitable component of the development of architecture as a discipline. This paper analyses the most commonly used terms in literature, illustrating them with examples and setting forth logical relationships between them as well as the context within which they are positioned. At the same time, the research sets the relationship between Croatian and international experimental architectural practices.

Tours et détours du Grand Paris. La ronde, une commande littéraire entre immersion et distanciation

La ronde (« The Round »), an immersive audio-walk commissioned by the Société du Grand Paris in 2016, allows us to analyse the contradiction between adherence and distancing, in relation to the ambiguity of the writer’s position facing citizen consultation and territorial development. The immersive modality of the audio-walk is constantly undermined by ironic and critical distancing effects. Paradoxically, it is also a privileged way of subtly contesting urban planning projects. This paper examines the ambiguities of this work, that plays and does not play the consultation game.

The change in biocomfort zones in the area of Muğla province in near future due to the global climate change scenarios

It is inevitable that the global climate change, which has important effects on the climate throughout the world, would have significant effects on the biocomfort zones. Hence, how global climate change will change the biocomfort zones should be determined and the data to be obtained should be used in urban planning projects. In the current study, SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios were taken as a basis, and the potential effects of global climate change on the biocomfort zones in Muğla province, Türkiye were investigated. Within the scope of the present study, the current status of biocomfort zones in Muğla and their possible conditions in years 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 were compared using DI and ETv methods. At the end of the study, it was estimated that, according DI method, 14.13% of Muğla province are in cold zone, 31.96% in cool zone, and 53.71% in comfortable zone. According to the SSPs 585 scenario, together with the increase in temperature, the cold and cool zones will totally disappear in year 2100, comfortable zones will decrease to 31.22%, and approx. 68.78% of the province will be in hot zone. According to the calculations made using ETv method, Muğla province currently consists of moderately cold zones by 2%, quite cold zones by 13.16%, slightly cold zones by 57.06%, and mild zones by 27.79%. Based on the SSPs 585 scenario for the year 2100, it is projected that Muğla will consist of slightly cool zones by 1.41%, mild zones by 14.42%, and comfortable zones by 68.06%, besides warm zones by 16.11% which are not present at this moment. This finding suggests that especially the cooling costs will increase and the air-conditioning systems to be used will negatively affect the global climate change through the energy consumption and the gases used.

Data-Based Analysis of Environmental Attractiveness towards Low-Carbon Development in Seaside Cities

Data-based technologies have been implemented in urban planning projects and environmental sciences. However, in the field of the environmental attractiveness analysis of seaside urban space, these technologies have not been fully studied. This paper critically assesses the attractiveness using data-based technologies with a focus on Chinese seaside cities’ low-carbon development. The analysis addresses the research question: How to use data-based technologies and their instruments to analyze environmental attractiveness of seaside cities towards low-carbon development? Methodologies include a case study of Dalian (China), field investigation, observation, and heatmapping. Results indicate that data-based technologies can support analysis of behavior and activity interests of inhabitants, as well as heatmapping with attractiveness consideration. The results provide a rational foundation for decision making during urban planning of seaside cities. Findings include insights and principles of planning seaside urban areas for smart sustainable development.

Investigating Media-User Interaction for Public Play Space in a Smart City

The problem of focusing only on the efficiency of an ICTs’ digital convergence in technology-oriented smart city construction has been raised. To address this problem, Plan Smart City Comprehensive Plan is in progress, excluding play spaces in public spaces where the city and users communicate directly or indirectly. In addition, when looking at Christopher Alexander’s 253 pattern languages, which many scholars and experts consider as a study guide for urban planning projects, there is no design alternative for ICTs’ digital convergence for future smart cities. Therefore, in this study, we propose a 4th plan model for ICTs’ future smart city development regarding digital technology and a place-oriented digilog strategic plan. This model proposal is applied to an actual project where the user and the space can interact based on the user’s behavior analysis using the keywords of participation, sharing, and cooperation in the public play space. This study aims to verify the rational method of the ICTs’ smart city Future 4th plan model alternative. There is a strategic plan for ICTs’ participatory media user interaction in a public play space in which: 1. the way people behave in the space; 2. the way people interact with the space; 3. the way people accept the actions of others for entertainment and enjoyment. This study can contribute as a strategic plan for ICTs’ participatory media-user interaction in a public play space; it can contribute to the rational design of the presentation of digilog strategic planning.

Making Urban Futures at Your Kitchen Table: Temporalities of an Urban Renewal Controversy in Moscow

While the nexus of time and space in cities is an established tradition in urban research, the specific temporality of urban planning and redevelopment projects is an emerging theme in the field. Focusing on the intensified interactions in various arenas around a controversial housing renovation program in Moscow, this article examines how and where urban futures are created from a polyphony of individual perspectives, aspirations, and projects. The housing renovation program (“Renovation”) aims to demolish thousands of socialist-era prefabricated apartment buildings and relocate the residents to yet-to-be-built high-rises. The project sparked popular mobilizations both in support of and in resistance to the demolitions. This article examines how Muscovites articulated and probed different future alternatives, matching them to their personal strategies and trajectories in various interactive arenas—from public hearings to homeowner assemblies to evening conversations with their family members. This future-probing became a key process that helped incorporate the temporal landscape of Renovation in people’s lives.

Methodology for urban vegetation segmentation based on cartesian hue and saturation characteristics using UAV images

A renewed importance in the urban vegetation segmentation task has been growing over the last years, mainly due to new urban planning and management projects, which require proper data on green spaces. Although multi-spectral sensors and complex systems for image acquisition that support this task are standard in some works, they show disadvantages in cost and spatial resolution. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) offer an affordable alternative so that they can get high-quality images. Such images deliver some challenges for the urban vegetation segmentation job, such as the color dispersion that urban green spaces present, vegetation greenness, and lightning conditions, like those seen in related works that use the most advanced devices. In this research, a cartesian chromatic histogram-based algorithm is proposed for urban vegetation segmentation in UAV images. The developed method uses morphological operators to enable the reduction in histogram color discontinuities. The tests that were carried about over sample images resulted in accuracy up to 98 %, surpassing the state-of-the-art tested techniques. The results validated the robustness and the accuracy of the proposal against different conditions presented in study cases.

HERITAGE PRESERVATION TO ENHANCE TOURISM OFFERS

Saudi Arabia has recently launched many promoting campaigns to pioneer a global excellence model for future growth. The Saudi National Vision 2030 sustains a national quality services improvement based on the commitment of the governmental institutions to build up a prosperous country, starting from the valorization of local traditions. The Saudi heritage was built by ancient societies based on traditions deeply rooted in the country's history. The country aspires to preserve heritage sites and the local environment, to strengthen national identity and Arab values by promoting hospitality services for tourism. In the last years, the Muslim pilgrims and all visitors to heritage sites entering the country from abroad have reached 8 million people by tripling the numbers. The government has started many initiatives and promoted many urban planning processes, programs, and projects to enhance the touristic offer. The intent is to reach a sustainable approach to target the healthy growth of the country and the Saudi Arabian cities. The paper presents some interventions that are currently under development to achieve the Saudi Vision 2030, such as the recent expansions of the Holy Mosques, the modernization of the national airports, and the Makkah Metro project to complement the railroad and train public transportation offer.

Sociological approach to the territorialization of night-time atmospheres

This article presents a case study conducted in the metropolis of Brest, France in 2022, designed to support public policy decision-making by integrating the knowledge and needs of citizens during the different stages of a night-time urban planning project, around the notion of synchronization of the city’s rhythms. It presents three innovations: (1) Actors: coordination of public and private actors, common vocabulary, cartographic representations of assets, introduction of participatory approaches, activation of citizen knowledge in political expertise. (2) Sociology: participative modalities, objectification of citizens’ knowledge, definition of their decision-making perimeter, (3) Public lighting policies: territorial and social strategy of light sobriety, regularization and empowerment of the network of actors. The conclusion of this article will focus on the limits, added values and development axes of nocturnal urban sociology as a support for decision-making in public lighting management and renovation strategies, and will open up the mobilization of the rhythms and temporalities to be mobilized in order to restore balanced nocturnal ambiences between lighting, which is essential, and darkness, which is vital.

Oran’s Front de Mer Projects 1891–1961: Premises of a Modern Urbanism

This article reviews the urban revitalization and modernization actions of Oran’s Front de Mer, from the late nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century. Throughout this period, when Algiers was undergoing a transformation based on the classical Haussmannian urban model, Oran stands out as an atypical example for the development of its urban planning projects. The research evidence, extracted for the first time from archival documents, reveals an advanced use of urban design concepts from the 1960’s, similar to the American model of waterfront revitalisation and deck urbanism developed in France.

Co-Benefits of Transdisciplinary Planning for Healthy Cities

Synergies between urban planning and public health were synthesized a decade ago by the Lancet Commission’s article “Shaping Cities for Health: Complexity and the Planning of Urban Environments in the 21st Century.” Since then, innovative research projects, urban planning projects, and accumulated experience from the World Health Organization Healthy Cities project confirm that transdisciplinary contributions enable the achievement of core principles of healthy cities. This article clarifies important differences between the content, scope, and outcomes of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary projects about public health and urban planning. It explains why transdisciplinary contributions are more likely to bridge the applicability gap between knowledge and practice in response to persistent urban health challenges; notably, they transgress the boundaries of public health and medical science; they prioritize political action in both the formal and informal construction sectors; and they include citizens, community associations, and private enterprises as partners in consortia for concerted action. This article proposes a radical shift from incremental, reactive, and corrective approaches in planning for urban health to proactive and anticipative contributions using backcasting and alternative scenarios that prioritize health. The article uses the case of public green spaces in planning for urban health. It identifies the shortcomings of many empirical studies that are meant to promote and sustain health before describing and illustrating an alternative way forward.

Construction Project Management with Digital Twin Information System

The current stage in the development of the construction industry is its digitalization, which requires the transformation of processes and models based on the use of digital platforms and twins. Datasets in a construction project accumulates quickly and becomes difficult to store and process due to the large file sizes of CAD,GIS and BIM technologies. Managing such datasets is a complex problem, since the usefulness of such data lies in ensuring that it is available and used as needed by all participants in a construction project. The article proposes to develop an information system for creating digital twins of construction project management as an integrator of digital tools based on Big Data Analytics and BIM technology, which is already the standard for the digitalization of the construction industry. The study describes four types of digital twins and ten properties of Big Data required for construction project. Conceptual model of Big Data domains for construction project and BIM-model of Big Data exchange and information transfer for construction project digital twin are considered. The authors propose a framework for creating digital twins of construction project management that uses three main components: BIM-models, Big Data Analytics and Knowledge Base. The results of the study are structure of information system of creating digital twin of territory urban planning project for Design Company and example using a BIMoriented software product. Keywords—BIM-model, Big Data, digital twin, construction projectmanagement, digital construction

Evaluating Creativity: How Idea Context and Rater Personality Affect Considerations of Novelty and Usefulness

ABSTRACT According to the standard definition, creative ideas must be both novel and useful. While a handful of recent studies suggest that novelty is more important than usefulness to evaluations of creativity, little is known about the contextual and interpersonal factors that affect how people weigh these two components when making an overall creativity judgment. We used individual participant regressions and mixed-effects modeling to examine how the contributions of novelty and usefulness to ratings of creativity vary according to the context of the idea (i.e., how relevant it is to the real world) and the personality of the rater. Participants (N = 121) rated the novelty, usefulness, and creativity of ideas from two contexts: responses to the alternative uses task (AUT) and genuine suggestions for urban planning projects. We also assessed three personality traits of participants: openness, intellect, and risk-taking. We found that novelty contributed more to evaluations of creativity among AUT ideas than projects, while usefulness contributed more among projects than AUT ideas. Further, participants with higher openness and higher intellect placed a greater emphasis on novelty when evaluating AUT ideas, but a greater emphasis on usefulness when evaluating projects. No significant effects were found for the risk-taking trait.

Sustainable Heritage Preservation to Improve the Tourism Offer in Saudi Arabia

In recent years Saudi Arabia has launched many campaigns to promote a model of global excellence to be a pioneer in future growth. As part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s National Vision 2030, the country encourages the improvement of national quality services based on the commitment of the government to build up a prosperous country, starting with the valorisation of local traditions. In particular, the Saudi, Arab, and Islamic heritage, built by an ancient civilisation and deeply rooted in the country’s history, is currently valorised to strengthen the national identity of local Arab values. The country aspires to preserve heritage sites and the local environment by promoting hospitality services for tourism. In the last years, Muslim pilgrims and all visitors to heritage sites entering the country from abroad have reached eight million people, tripling the numbers in the last decade. The government has started many initiatives and promoted many urban planning processes, programmes, and projects to enhance the touristic offer. The intent is to reach a sustainable approach to target the healthy growth of the country and the Saudi Arabian cities. The article presents some interventions that are currently under development to pursue the Saudi Vision 2030 and its goals. The recent third expansion of the Two Holy Mosques, the modernization of national airports, and the Mecca Metro project to complement the railroad and train public transportation offer will be presented and discussed as part of the national strategy to achieve a sustainable economy and tourism.

Urban morphology of informally built dwellings: counter-mapping coastal cities of Montenegro

PurposeInformal dwellings describe makeshift lodgings made from temporary materials, such as plastic, corrugated iron, sheeting, packing cases, or wood. These units allow low-income groups to informally occupy land and create their habitable space in a phased manner. This article focuses on elements of the urban morphology, such as density, accessibility, and operating assortment of informally built areas in the southern region of Montenegro.Design/methodology/approachThe author examines the urban morphologies of four urban areas, whose informality is traditionally viewed as markers of decline and despair. Using observations, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews, the investigator maps dwellings in Ulcinj, Budva, Tivat, and Herceg Novi neighbourhoods. The researcher interrogated participants about land distribution during the construction of sheds, buildings' outline and orientation toward the street, and activities performed in their dwellings, such as living, working, and accommodating relatives and guests. This methodology tests the hypothesis, formulated as a deeper understanding of urban morphology for examining the interweaving of informally built settlements with the rest of the city.FindingsA cartographic investigation is used to reframe customary rights of low-income populations to land inclusion and their place in the city. The results clearly show that the location and lifestyle are designed to obfuscate the vulnerable populations from the public view, disconnected from policymaking, and ignored by urban planning projects. However, the interviewees' destinations orientation away from the downtowns represents the possibility of reconfiguring existing urban planning practices. For creating alternative urbanisation, the orientation of less visible neighbourhoods presents a model for building regulations embedded in social forces and cultural habits of all social and ethnic groups.Research limitations/implicationsThis study did not address the implementation of social hosing policies and the logistical limitations of realising them by the local and national governments. During firework, the author encountered dwellers outside four studied low-income neighbourhoods in the south region of Montenegro. Mapping morphological elements of these generally small clusters of informal built units are left for future research. Future studies could examine how informality is performed in Montenegro by moderate and high-income groups as an assemblage of different power relationships and urban practices.Practical implicationsThe argument is based on counter urbanism as the orientation and destination of less visible neighbourhoods for creating building regulations embedded in social forces and cultural habits of all social and ethnic groups. This study showed that the urban morphology of informality in the coastal cities of Montenegro lays the ground for alternative urban planning practices based on the different interconnection of districts. The outcome is a strong link between different social and ethical groups through self-building practices.Social implicationsIn coastal cities of Montenegro, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptian live with other low-income groups in unsanitary settlements characterised by poor living conditions, low-quality illegally built housing, no plumbing or sewage systems, and overcrowded urban areas. Mapping morphological elements of less visible urban areas propose shifting from top-down urban planning policies to a participatory model of developing urban areas.Originality/valueThe assemblage of informally built urban areas legitimise place in the city that goes against the housing market's dominant logic and exceeds alternative logics of building production. This article outlined the urban morphologies of four urban areas for turning the image of informality away from decline and despair to lessons of urban interconnection. By creating different maps, the author presented a diverse orientation of four case studies based on density, accessibility, and operating assortment.

Carlos Campos

He has been an architect since 1978, settling himself as an independent professional with the firm that bears his name. He has carried out professional works for the public administration, in the City Council of Valencia, within the Urban Projects Office, and for the Regional Government of Valencia, as a heritage advisor in Valencia and Castellón regions. Since 1989 he has been an associate lecturer in the Department of Architectural Projects within the School of Architecture (ETSAV) at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. He has participated as a speaker in several seminars and symposiums on architecture and architectural rehabilitation and has been invited to international workshops on heritage preservation. He has published his work and some of his activities in several architecture journals and conference proceedings. He is a person who feels comfortable in architecture, whether heritage architecture, residential, educational or other types of architecture. He is a Full Member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos in Valencia. His work includes the refurbishment of the old Slaughterhouse in Valencia, the Church of San Martín in Valencia, the Church of Sant Jaume in Vila-real, the Circus Theatre in Albacete, the Sanctuary of La Balma in Castellón, the Boïl d’Arenós Palace, the Church of El Carmen in Valencia, as well as the refurbishment and technical supervisor of the Church of San Nicolás, the Regional Administration School in Toledo, etc. As a member of the Urban Projects Office of Valencia City Council from 1986-1988, he has participated in and directed various important urban planning projects.

Carlos Campos

He has been an architect since 1978, settling himself as an independent professional with the firm that bears his name. He has carried out professional works for the public administration, in the City Council of Valencia, within the Urban Projects Office, and for the Regional Government of Valencia, as a heritage advisor in Valencia and Castellón regions. Since 1989 he has been an associate lecturer in the Department of Architectural Projects within the School of Architecture (ETSAV) at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. He has participated as a speaker in several seminars and symposiums on architecture and architectural rehabilitation and has been invited to international workshops on heritage preservation. He has published his work and some of his activities in several architecture journals and conference proceedings. He is a person who feels comfortable in architecture, whether heritage architecture, residential, educational or other types of architecture. He is a Full Member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos in Valencia. His work includes the refurbishment of the old Slaughterhouse in Valencia, the Church of San Martín in Valencia, the Church of Sant Jaume in Vila-real, the Circus Theatre in Albacete, the Sanctuary of La Balma in Castellón, the Boïl d’Arenós Palace, the Church of El Carmen in Valencia, as well as the refurbishment and technical supervisor of the Church of San Nicolás, the Regional Administration School in Toledo, etc. As a member of the Urban Projects Office of Valencia City Council from 1986-1988, he has participated in and directed various important urban planning projects.

A.L. Kanevsky - architect of the socialist city Kuybyshev

The work of the Samara architect and urban planner Kanevsky Abram Lvovich, who made a significant contribution to the development of the city of Kuibyshev in the 1930-1950s, which remains underestimated to date due to the status of Kuibyshev as a "closed city" and the "secret" label under which the design documentation of that time was published, is considered. As part of the ongoing study of the architectural and urban development of Samara (Kuibyshev) in the 1930-1950s, the important role of architect A.L. Kanevsky was revealed, who led key architectural and urban planning projects in city design organizations - APU Gorkomkhoz, APM Gorproekt, Kuibyshev branch of Giproaviaprom.