Urban Planning Research Articles

Integrating schools as community hubs: planning strategies and implementation challenges in South Korean new towns

ABSTRACT This study examines how schools can be effectively integrated as community hubs within the urban planning frameworks of South Korean new towns, particularly focusing on Byeolnae, Gwanggyo, and Sejong. Through a comparative case study approach, using field surveys, stakeholder interviews, and archival analysis, the study identifies the evolution of planning strategies and implementation challenges of school-oriented development. The study reveals three key dimensions of development: openness and connectivity, multifunctionality and integration, and stakeholder collaboration. While Byeolnae pioneered the community corridor concept, Gwanggyo enhanced facility integration within school sites, and Sejong achieved the most comprehensive integration through clustered community complexes. The findings highlight that successful implementation requires not only strategic location selection and detailed urban design guidelines but also robust integrated governance frameworks to align diverse stakeholder interests. The study contributes to theoretical understanding of school-community integration and practical insights for future development, emphasizing the importance of coordinated planning, construction, and operational frameworks in creating sustainable school-oriented community hubs.

Comparative analysis of land cover changes on outdoor thermal comfort in Doha, Dubai, Kuwait City, Manama, Muscat, and Riyadh

ABSTRACT Rapid urbanization in Gulf cities has driven significant land cover changes, influencing outdoor thermal comfort and land surface temperatures (LST). This study investigates land cover dynamics from 1998 to 2023 across six cities – Doha, Dubai, Kuwait City, Manama, Muscat, and Riyadh – using Landsat imagery to assess LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and approximated wet-bulb globe temperature (AWGBT). Results reveal an increase in urban areas, with Manama and Kuwait City experiencing the largest expansions (47.50% and 47.02%). Vegetation patterns varied, with cities like Dubai and Riyadh showing consistent increases, while Doha stagnated from 2013 to 2023. LST ranged from 42°C to 55°C, with desert areas showing the highest temperatures. Built-up areas had LST comparable to desert land, highlighting a reverse urban heat island effect. Dubai’s LST decreased between 2013 and 2023 due to successful green initiatives, contrasting with rising temperatures in other cities. The mean LST difference between the desert and urban areas was 2.5°C, and vegetation displayed a cooling effect, with a 3.5°C difference between vegetated and desert areas. Thermal comfort maps aligned with LST data, showing increasing heat stress, particularly in Doha and Kuwait City, while Dubai maintained stable comfort levels. This study underscores the critical role of vegetation and sustainable urban planning in mitigating heat stress and enhancing outdoor thermal comfort across Gulf cities.

How is health considered in urban transport planning? A review of the literature.

Urban transport is an important determinant of population health. Ensuringi health is well considered in urban transport planning is important to create healthy cities, healthy populations and sustainable societies. This review aimed to describe how health is considered in urban transport planning. A narrative literature review was conducted. Eligible literature included research articles, review articles, perspective articles, policy reports and technical reports published in English since 2013. PubMed, the Transport Research Integrated Database and grey literature sources were searched. Seventy articles were included, predominantly from high-income countries. Findings indicated that while urban transport is well recognised as a determinant of health, health considerations are often underprioritized in urban transport planning. Key issues identified included systemic power imbalances favouring car-orientated planning, insufficient legislative frameworks to promote health, the non-holistic assessment of health impacts in established environmental assessment processes, transport appraisal methodologies which undervalued health and differences between the health and planning professions in their preferred sources of evidence with associated challenges in knowledge translation. A consistent theme in the literature was that a strategic approach needed to be taken to improve how health is considered in urban transport planning and central to this was building relationships to enable collaborative and partnership working. Health was poorly considered in urban transport planning. Contributing issues related to power, legislation, impact assessment and knowledge translation. A strategic approach is important to address these issues.

Integrating circular economy policies in urban policy making: Strategies for green energy and environmental management to reinforce city image in China.

The implementation of circular economy (CE) policies in the management of urban policies have become essential for improving overall quality of life, development of green energy, and environmental management hence improving the image of cities. This research focuses on uncovering the core concepts of CE within urban environments, emphasizing actions that can improve green energy and environmental management. The CE aims to create a closed-loop system by prioritizing practices like remanufacturing, reusing, and recycling, which collectively help decrease resource usage and limit environmental damage. Therefore, in the study, the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) are used to assess the identified several key factors and strategies for integrating CE activities for sustainable urban policy making and reinforce city image in China. The results of fuzzy AHP indicated that economic viability, policy and governance, and technological innovation are the key factors. While the cost effectiveness, policy flexibility and adaptability, and resource efficiency are identified as most crucial sub-factors. The fuzzy VIKOR presented that green building and sustainable development policies, green infrastructure development, and policy alignment and institutional support are the key strategies in handling and mitigating environmental issues as well as supporting economic growth, thus CE policies holds the key in creating a better perception of cities as innovative and sustainable. The contributions to this research are significant as it provides a structure for policymakers by offering a framework to integrate CE principles into urban policies. It also shows how CE can solve environmental challenges, promote growth in economy, and contribute to sustainable urban transformation. The implications of this study extend to policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders dealing with greener and more adaptable cities consistent with global sustainability goals.

Insights into Landscape Structure Change in Urbanising Rainforest and Guinea Savanna Ecological Regions of Nigeria.

In the face of unabated urban expansion, understanding the intrinsic characteristics of landscape structure is pertinent to preserving ecological diversity and managing the supply of ecosystem services. This study integrates machine-learning-based geospatial and landscape ecological techniques to assess the dynamics of landscape structure in cities of the rainforest (Akure and Owerri) and Guinea savanna (Makurdi and Minna) ecological regions of Nigeria between 1986 and 2022. Supervised classification using the random forest (RF) machine-learning classifier was performed on Landsat images on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and landscape metrics were calculated with FRAGSTATS to assess landscape composition, configuration, and connectivity. The results reveal a consistent pattern of urban expansion in all four cities at varying intensities. The proportion of the built-up class exhibited positive correlations with the largest patch index (r = 0.86, p < 0.05) and aggregation (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), indicating a concurrent rise in landscape densification as urban expansion persists. For the agricultural and vegetation landscapes, landscape proportion correlates negatively with fragmentation (r = -0.88, p < 0.05) and connectivity (r = -0.77, p < 0.05), but positively with aggregation (r = 0.89, p < 0.05). The increased patch density indicates a rising magnitude of landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity over time with varying implications for ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate the complex interplay between urbanisation and ecological processes within and across different ecoregions, highlighting the need for targeted ecological management, sustainable urban planning, and regionally informed landscape conservation strategies.

Revealing the nature of soil liquefaction using machine learning

This study highlights the importance of consistently assessing soil and subsoil liquefaction susceptibility in construction projects through comprehensive evaluation and regular site investigations. Despite the abundance of geotechnical reports, many remain underutilized post-project completion, while the literature contains numerous site-specific case studies. To address this gap, this study suggests integrating site-specific reports tailored to both the site and the region, aiming to extract valuable insights into liquefaction potential. Utilizing ensemble-based machine learning techniques, two databases of soil liquefaction were analyzed to predict the probability of liquefaction failure (PLF). The results reveal the superior accuracy of the Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model, achieving an almost ideal accuracy in predicting PLF. Despite its generalization across diverse geographical patterns, the GBR model encounters limitations with insufficient experimental data within specific parameter ranges. To address this, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed by leveraging data from previous liquefaction records to predict PLF. The GUI, which has been included as supplementary material, proved to be a useful tool for liquefaction risk assessment, and its predictive capabilities make it invaluable for both practical applications and educational purposes. This empowers engineers, urban planners, and decision-makers to make informed decisions and implement proactive measures for disaster mitigation and infrastructure development resilience.

Green sanctuaries: residential green and garden space and the natural environment mitigate mental disorders risk of diabetic patients

BackgroundThe co-occurrence of diabetes and mental disorders is an exceedingly common comorbidity with poor prognosis. We aim to investigate the impact of green space, garden space, and the natural environment on the risk of mental disorders among the population living with diabetes.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal analysis based on 39,397 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank. Residential green and garden space modeled from land use data and the natural environment from Land Cover Map were assigned to the residential address for each participant. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the associations between nature exposures and mental disorders of diabetes. Casual mediation analysis was used to quantify indirect effect of air pollution.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7.55 years, 4513 incident mental disorders cases were identified, including 2952 depressive disorders and 1209 anxiety disorders. Participants with natural environment at 300 m buffer in the second and third tertiles had 7% (HR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.86–0.99) and 12% (HR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.82–0.94) lower risks of incident mental disorders compared with those in the first tertile, respectively. The risk of mental disorders incidence among diabetes patients will decrease by 13% when exposed to the third tertile of garden space at 300 m buffer. The natural environment and garden space individually prevented 6.65% and 10.18% of mental disorders incidents among diabetes patients. The risk of incident mental disorders was statistically decreased when exposed to the third tertile of green space at 1000 m buffer (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.90). Protective effects of three nature exposures against depressive and anxiety disorders in diabetes patients were also observed. Air pollution, particularly nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and fine particulate matter, significantly contributed to the associations between nature exposures and mental disorders, mediating 48.3%, 29.2%, and 62.4% of the associations, respectively.ConclusionsResidential green and garden space and the natural environment could mitigate mental disorders risk in diabetes patients, with air pollution playing a vital mediator. This highlights the potential for local governments to enhance the sustainability of such interventions, grounded in public health and urban planning, through strategic planning initiatives.Graphical

Spatial planning in the face of natural and technological disasters: a literature review

ABSTRACT A growing concern about disasters triggered by natural phenomena and technological accidents is evident over the last decades. These disasters are increasingly common and severe nowadays, partly due to the impact of climate change, which is exacerbated by the continuing human pressure on the environment. Spatial planning is believed to play a key role in disaster prevention with discussions about the integration of risk analysis and management in spatial planning processes being discussed relevantly recently. Nevertheless, it is still inconsistent. This is a literature review paper about the integration of prevention and management of natural/technological disasters in spatial planning. The authors performed extensive research in scientific search engines, using relevant keywords in a combined way, for more targeted results. Following a bibliometric analysis of 382 documents/papers, some of the major findings are: the topic gained momentum after 2006, most of the literature examines topics of prevention combined with management, the most researched disaster is floods and disaster risk management is usually discussed in combination with urban planning. Only about 5% of the publications refer to maritime spatial planning and merely around 3% of the research is solely dedicated to technological disasters, indicating that these topics are suitable for future research.

Commuting flow prediction using OpenStreetMap data

Accurately predicting commuting flows is crucial for sustainable urban planning and preventing disease spread due to human mobility. While recent advancements have produced effective models for predicting these recurrent flows, the existing methods rely on datasets exclusive to a few study areas, limiting the transferability to other locations. This research broadens the utility of state-of-the-art commuting flow prediction models with globally available OpenStreetMap data while achieving prediction accuracy comparable to location-specific and proprietary data. We show that the types of buildings, residential and non-residential, are a strong indicator for predicting commuting flows. Consistent with theoretical and analytical models, our experiments indicate that building types, distance, and population are the determining characteristics for mobility related to commuting. Our experiments show that predicted flows closely match ground truth flows. Our work enables accurate flow prediction using building types to support applications such as urban planning and epidemiology.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Water System's Structure and Its Relationship with Urban System Based on Fractal Dimension: A Case Study of the Huaihe River Basin, China.

The formation and development of cities are inseparable from a certain scale of water resources. The information contained in the morphological structures of cities and water systems is often overlooked. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of water system structures (WSS) and urban system structures (USS) can reveal the "urban-water" relationship from a new perspective. The Huaihe River Basin (HRB) was selected as the case area, based on the theory of fractal dimensions, grid dimension and multifractal spectrum methods were used to depict the structural evolutionary characteristics of water systems and urban systems from different dimensions. Then, through a comparative analysis of fractal parameters and spectral lines, the characteristics and changing patterns of the "urban-water" relationship in the HRB from 1980 to 2019 were revealed. The results indicate the following: (1) The water system structure in the HRB is complex and exhibits distinct scale characteristics, showing improvement overall and at larger scales while continuously degrading at smaller scales. (2) Both the water system and urban system exhibit increasingly complex spatial development characteristics; however, the USS continues to optimize over time, while the WSS experiences degradation. (3) The development patterns of the water system and urban system are significant differences in the HRB. Urban development mainly relies on outward expansion, whereas the water system is primarily characterized by intensive enhancement. (4) Because of the rapid development of urban areas, water scarcity may occur in densely populated urban areas or larger cities in the future. The research results can serve as a scientific reference for urban planning and water resource management in the HRB.

Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health.

Comorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular health. Chronic exposure to these pollutants contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, further exacerbating the global burden of CVDs. Specifically, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), heavy metals, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics have been implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through various mechanisms. PM2.5 exposure leads to inflammation and metabolic disruptions. Ozone and CO exposure induce oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. NO2 exposure contributes to cardiac remodeling and acute cardiovascular events, and sulfur dioxide and heavy metals exacerbate oxidative stress and cellular damage. Pesticides and microplastics pose emerging risks linked to inflammation and cardiovascular tissue damage. Monitoring and risk assessment play a crucial role in identifying vulnerable populations and assessing pollutant impacts, considering factors like age, gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle disorders. This review explores the impact of cardiovascular disease, discussing risk-assessment methods, intervention strategies, and the challenges clinicians face in addressing pollutant-induced cardiovascular diseases. It calls for stronger regulatory policies, public health interventions, and green urban planning.

Healthy cities: a visual conceptual framework for moving health knowledge into urban planning practice

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing recognition of health as a fundamental dimension in urban design and planning, it remains insufficiently incorporated into urban planning practice and policymaking. This study reexamines the ‘Knowledge Translation’ (KT) process through a literature review (N = 53) to address the gap between the public health and urban planning arenas. By analyzing the key KT components – knowledge, guidance, and implementation – we identified additional factors influencing the process and highlighted gaps and opportunities for improvement. Building on these insights, we developed a visual conceptual framework that synthesizes existing knowledge and addresses critical gaps to support urban practitioners and policymakers in creating ‘healthy cities’. The framework conceptualizes KT as a dynamic, iterative process guided by three key drivers: (i) continuous interaction among knowledge, guidance and implementation, all tailored to local contexts and shaped by decision-making processes; (ii) interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaboration, including active engagement with local communities to create a shared vision of a healthy city; and (iii) a ‘control center’, that integrates these components, facilitates training, and ensures ongoing evaluation and calibration.

Urban Planning and Development: A Case Study of Sustainable Zonal Development and Infrastructure Design for Hindaun City (North Zone)

This dissertation examines the urban planning and development strategies for Hindaun City's North Zone through the creation of a Zonal Development Plan (ZDP) for 2036. Hindaun City, a significant urban center in Rajasthan, is experiencing rapid population growth and urbanization, necessitating a comprehensive and sustainable development plan. The Master Plan for Hindaun City 2036 provides a broad framework, and this dissertation delves into the specific proposals for the North Zone, known as Zone A. The research employs a multi-method approach, including Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, analysis of existing conditions, stakeholder consultations, and policy reviews. The study identifies critical areas for intervention in residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational sectors, proposing detailed land use plans and infrastructure improvements. Special attention is given to enhancing social and physical infrastructure, addressing environmental sustainability, and ensuring equitable development. Key findings reveal that while Hindaun City has made significant strides in urban development, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, unplanned growth, and environmental degradation persist. The proposed ZDP aims to address these issues through targeted policies and strategic interventions. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for implementing the ZDP effectively, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring, stakeholder engagement, and adaptive management to ensure the plan's success. By providing a detailed case study of Hindaun City's North Zone, this dissertation contributes to the broader discourse on urban planning and development in rapidly growing cities. The findings and recommendations offer valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers focused on sustainable urban development Key Words: urbanization , GIS , ZDP , policymakers

Understanding The Factors Influencing The Interest in Adopting Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV): A Quantitative Investigation

This research employs a quantitative design to investigate factors influencing Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) adoption intentions among Indonesians, using the framework developed by Elena Higueras-Castillo et al. (2021). By utilizing IBM SPSS, the study examines psychological and social factors such as attitudes towards BEVs, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to use BEVs. Multiple hypotheses are tested using multiple regression analysis. Survey responses from 145 participants are analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and factor analysis to identify patterns and relationships. The study ensures validity and reliability through pre-testing the questionnaire and adhering to ethical guidelines. Statistical analyses reveal that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly influence residents' readiness to adopt BEVs. The findings fill a knowledge gap in BEV adoption dynamics within Indonesia, offering insights for policymakers, urban planners, and other stakeholders. Based on the results, recommendations are made for policy interventions, infrastructure investments, and public awareness campaigns to accelerate the transition towards electric mobility. These insights can be leveraged to effectively market BEVs to new potential consumers by highlighting the positive attitudes, social norms, and perceived control factors that drive adoption.

Deriving a measure for the environmental quality of life of an ultra-dense urban setting

ABSTRACT Quality of life encompasses social, economic, and environmental dimensions, with environmental indicators posing challenges due to their diverse nature. This study proposes a flexible measure of the physical environment that considers individual preferences. The research focused on neighbourhoods in Hong Kong, representing various levels of urbanization and spatial distribution, with a fixed neighbourhood size to enable meaningful comparisons. Utilizing Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques, the study analysed four domains of urban morphology at the neighbourhood level: education-health-recreation facilities, street patterns, land use diversity, and building density. Principal Component Analysis was employed to reduce the dimensionality of each domain and derive an Environmental Quality Sub-index (EQ-I). This index can be standardized and personalized based on individuals’ values and preferences. The EQ-I facilitates both quantitative and qualitative comparisons through visual representations. The study exemplifies a methodological approach to consolidating multiple variables into a single index, considering the differential weighting of preferences. The methodology employs direct and objective measures that can be adapted and replicated in other cities, providing standardized yet personalized scores for regional and international comparisons. The findings present valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to enhance the environmental quality of ultra-dense urban settings.

Effectiveness of Digital Technology in Enhancing Blue Tourism Sustainability in Tanzania

The study examined the effectiveness of digital technology in enhancing blue tourism sustainability in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined the use of solar panel technology, use of artificial intelligence and use of health technologies. The study employed a desk research method which involves the collection of data from various literature sources such as documents, scripts, previous research findings, journals, and related books. Qualitative content analysis was utilized as the method for analyzing the data. The findings revealed that solar panel technology is one of the most renewable and green energy sources in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. The findings also revealed that Artificial Intelligence has released up new tourism opportunities with positive effects on the economy, society, and environment. The study concludes that integration of solar power reduces Carbon footprints and increased appeal to budget conscious travelers. Artificial Intelligent enhances visitor’s management, safety, and eco-friendly experiences. Online platforms improve access to information about overseas care and empower patients to make informed decisions. The study recommends that the development and integration of renewable energy sources, like solar, wind, and hydropower, into the energy mix should be given top priority by government and tourism companies. Programs supporting sustainable agriculture and forestry conservation/reforestation should be put into place. Strategies to economic development and environmental sustainability should also be put into place such as encouraging eco-tourism, efficient manufacturing, and sustainable urban planning. The Ministry of Tourism of Tanzania should promote the use of AI technologies in the creation, use, and manufacturing of tourism products.

Optimizing nature-based solutions for urban flood risk mitigation: A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach in Gdańsk, Poland.

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as a sustainable approach to managing flood risks by enhancing natural water retention and reducing surface runoff in urban areas. As climate change and rapid urbanization exacerbate flood hazards, optimizing the spatial deployment of NbS is crucial for improving urban resilience and mitigating flood impacts. This study presents a comprehensive optimization framework for the spatial allocation of fourteen different NbS types aimed at mitigating urban flood risks in Gdańsk, Poland. Leveraging a genetic algorithm alongside the Urban Flood Risk Mitigation (UFRM) model of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) software suite, we identified areas of the city most vulnerable to pluvial flooding and optimized NbS placement to maximize water retention and reduce runoff. The optimization process balanced multiple objectives, including minimizing implementation costs and maximizing water retention capacity, ensuring that the solutions are both economically feasible and environmentally effective. Three distinct scenarios were proposed: a cost-effective solution, a high-retention solution, and a balanced solution, offering urban planners a range of strategies to address flood risks based on their specific priorities and constraints. Results demonstrated considerable variations in water retention effectiveness across different NbS configurations, with denser urban regions showing the most significant improvements from targeted interventions. The optimized placement of NbS resulted in estimated total water retention improvement of approximately 15.5% for the best solution considered. These findings provide valuable insights for integrating NbS into urban flood management strategies, enhancing citywide resilience, sustainability, and long-term flood mitigation.

Analysis of constraints to urban expansion in the city of M’Sila using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

The presented study aims to deepen the understanding of urban expansion and land resource management to meet growing urbanization needs and identify constraints associated with this phenomenon. The main objective is to propose a model that integrates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – a method recognized for addressing complex spatial issues. By defining the criteria related to the targeted objectives and by mapping attribute and geographic data at the municipal level of M’sila, we have prioritized the identified indicators, quantitatively evaluated the phenomenon, and compared various development scenarios for the studied areas. This quantitative evaluation was carried out through spatial simulation, including data intersection and multicriteria aggregation based on the AHP method, which allowed participatory modeling of factors according to their respective importance. Moreover, this process facilitated the identification of optimal land use for urbanization, while assisting specialists in choosing the most appropriate urban planning orientations and objectives for the studied areas.

Liminality experienced from within: place intensification through self-built dwellings in Montenegro

ABSTRACT Liminal dwellings are self-built units without a predetermined urban planning permit and architectural plans generating ambiguous, reflexive, and change-inducing in-between neighbourhoods. Migrants from the Republic of Kosovo inhabit self-built shelters, which stimulate contextual and communal intensification of cities. Contextual addresses the spatial network established between inhabitants and their destinations in the city, and communal intensification reviles neighbourly connections. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews, diaries, and personal essays during data gathering, participants’ lived experiences were recorded in informal settlements “Bijela Gora” and “Meljine,” located in the east and west periphery of the southern region of Montenegro. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used as a qualitative research method to survey participants’ experiences of liminalities captured via migrants’ destinations in the city, the neighbourhoods’ organisation, social trust, and repercussions from the alternation of sheds. Rather than comprehending poverty as individual misfortune, these categories are useful for altering future urban and communal developments.

Valuation of Urban Parks Under the Three-Level Park System in Shenzhen: A Hedonic Analysis

Urban parks play a pivotal role in fostering ecologically advanced cities in China, contributing significantly to enhancing urban environments and the overall quality of life for residents. However, their value is often hard to quantify by urban planners due to the absence of a clear market price. Using the hedonic price method, this study delves into the distinct impacts of different types of urban parks (community parks, city parks, country parks) on housing prices under the three-level park system in Shenzhen. The outcomes reveal that owning a view of both city parks and country parks from the apartment has significant positive influence on housing prices, with a premium of 14.8916% (RMB 920,396.73) and 30.7299% (RMB 1,899,309.15), respectively. Regarding accessibility, shortening walking distance by 100 m to the nearest community park and city park can attach a premium to the housing price by 0.3269% (RMB 20,203.55) and 0.6130% value gain (RMB 37,889.53), respectively. The results drawn from distinctive park types are expected to give insights to urban planners in formulating strategies for ecological civilization construction, with an emphasis on prioritizing visible and accessible greenspaces to cater to citizens’ preferences and foster sustainable urban growth.