Urban Land Availability Research Articles

Optimization of speech intelligibility in street-facing rooms of adult care home based on acoustic simulation

Due to the limited availability of urban land in China, many adult care facilities have resorted to constructing roadside living spaces. However, this has led to a significant issue of traffic noise disturbance. Besides, many rooms lack of control over indoor reverberation. As a result, the communication efficiency of the residents might be greatly impacted. This study aims to investigate the impact of traffic noise level, room size, and surface sound absorption on speech transmission index (STI), based on a typical room layout and conducted using acoustic simulation. The simulation results indicated that in order to achieve the required STI over 0.79 for elderly residents, it is imperative to control the road noise interference below 40 dBA and ensure that the room reverberation time under 0.42 s. To achieve this, it is recommended that for a road with a noise emission level of 72 dBA, the distance between the roadside room and the road should not less than 10 m. Additionally, windows with Rw+Ctr over 28 dB without road sound barriers (over 20 dB with sound barriers) should be installed. Besides, the room area needs to be controlled within 20 m2 and an acoustic ceiling with NRC>0.65 should be installed.

Integrating ecology and zero runoff in a vertical village residential design in West Jakarta

Diminishing availability of urban land in metropolitan cities such as Jakarta resulting in high-density settlements, which impacted the quality of life of the urban village communities. One of the government’s efforts to solve this problem is by building subsidized apartments. However, this effort mainly focused on the land scarcity and the required housing aspects, while ecological and environmental roles toward the life quality of the dwellers are often set aside though very influential. On the other hand, Jakarta is very vulnerable to natural disasters related to water, such as flooding caused by stormwater runoff which cannot be accommodated by the insufficient capacity of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the development of urban settlements in Jakarta has to pay more attention to integrate ecology and zero runoff management from the design conception phase. A vertical village residential design in West Jakarta that integrates these two aspects through ecological architecture elements (nature, water, human and environment) was proposed as a role model design for vertical village housing. Various water design features have been creatively designed and integrated into the landscape and building elements resulting in zero runoff and an ecologically significant built environment.

Detection of potential green open space area using landsat 8 satellite imagery

Green city development policies have an essential role in improving the ecological functions of a municipality. According to Law 26/2007 on spatial planning, it contains provinsions for green open space which oblige the government to set aside 30% of the city as green open space. However, the main obstacle in providing green open space remains the limited availability of urban land. Therefore, efforts are needed to detect urban land that is available for use as green open space. The purpose of this study is to determine the initial description of the availability of green open space in Malang City. This study uses an integrated method of calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with land cover classification. NDVI analysis reveals the distribution value of vegetation density in Malang City. Based on NDVI analysis results, green open space requires medium and high density vegetation. In Malang City, only 2946.56 ha, or 26.60% of the city, meets these requirements. The availability of green open space in Malang City therefore does not meet minimum green open space requirements. This study's results suggest the need for additional policies aimed at providing green open space for Malang City.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STANDARD APPROACH FOR OPEN SPACE PLANNING IN KUALA LUMPUR

This article attempts to discuss the implementation of standards approach, 2 hectares per 1000 population as approved by the National Physical Planning Council in 2005. Using Kuala Lumpur as case study, the analysis showed that the uniformity of standards approach implementation has failed to take into account the distinction within the local conditions which have implications on the level of achievement for the 6 planning zones in Kuala Lumpur from 2011 to 2017. Use of the standards approach without modifications has created high density zones such as the City Centre, Sentul-Manjalara and Wangsa Maju-Maluri failed to attain the standards. Besides, other zones namely Damansara-Penchala, Bandar Tun Razak-Sungai Besi and Bukit Jalil-Seputih have exceeded the targeted standards. Based on the analysis, the distinction of local condition for each zone in Kuala Lumpur in terms of population number, urban land availability, land value, urbanization process and densification rate of the city need to be considered in implementing standards approach.

Control system of automatic garage using programmable logic controller

In today’s populated world, urban land availability has become scarce and manual involvement of humans for a proper task makes a work less efficient and less accurate. The garage is one of the workstations which needs to be modernized for enhanced land utilization, energy saving approach and systematic functioning. This goal can only be achieved through the automation of parking systems. We have proposed an automated control system for garage using siemens PLC (programmable logic control)-1200 to control the vehicles. The number plate of the car is recorded through the RFID reader and the parking slot for that particular vehicle is allotted automatically based on the available vacancy. Along with this the parking area is fitted with fire alarm, which will raise if any smoke or fire happens in the location. The total parking cost of each vehicle can be calculated based on the number of hours it has been parked. And the information will be displayed in the SCADA screen. Additionally, instead of the full lightening of the complete place, lightening will be provided only in the direction of movement of the car, preventing wastage of energy.

SITE SELECTION FOR REGIONAL SOLID WASTE FINAL DISPOSAL IN BANGKA ISLAND BASED ON GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

The availability of an adequate final disposal a necessity for an area. The waste processing process consists of the stages of transportation, management, final disposal to waste utilization. Waste management in urban areas requires a final disposal that must meet environmental feasibility standards. Problems encountered in the current waste management at the capital city of Bangka Belitung Province, final disposal Parit 6 was already overloaded and still uses the Open Dumping method, and there are limitations in the availability of urban land. The purpose of this study was to selection for the regional solid waste final disposal (RSWFD) in accordance with the characteristics of the local location and the directions in the Spatial Plans of the Province of Bangka Belitung. The method used is a quantitative analysis method by calculating the need for the land area of the waste landfill based on population projections and waste generation. And the model used by the Geography Information System (GIS) in the form of ArcGIS 10.5 is overlaid using parameters based on (SNI 03- 3241-1994). The final result of the research is a recommendation for a RSWFD location for Bangka Island in accordance with the needs, feasibility and availability of existing land.

Ecodrainage Model to Handle the Inundations in the City Center of Demak

The growth and development of the city is strongly influenced by an increase in population in line with the increasing demand for space and land. On the other hand, the availability of urban land is very limited, resulting in the conversion of land use to meet those needs. It is necessary to change the paradigm of the concept of a conventional drainage system to the concept of an environmentally friendly drainage system (ecodrainage). The ecodrainage concept is expected to be an effort to deal with inundation and groundwater conservation in city center of Demak. The quantity of the rainwater infiltration wells (RIW) was obtained based on the analysis to reduce the inundation in the city center of Demak. With the reference to the rainfall repetition period (RRP) of 2 years, 21 units of the well were needed to accommodate the rainwater runoff discharges of 0.878 m3/s. Due to the land limits at the area of research, only could 20 units of the well be constructed, as a result, it could only reduce the inundation by 0.811 m3/s or 90.48 %. Considering the rainfall repetition period (RRP) of 5 years, around 40 units of rainwater infiltration wells (RIW) were needed to accommodate the rainwater runoff discharge of 1.70 m3/s, yet only could 35 out of 40 wells as required be constructed, consequently, it was only able to reduce the inundation of 1.494 m3/s or 87.50.

Pengembangan Model Usaha Tanaman Hidroponik Melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Tepat Guna Berbasis Media Informasi Pada Komunitas UMKM Pertanian Perkotaan

The need for appropriate technology by the Indonesian people is unavoidable because of the availability of urban land which is increasingly limited. Consequently, the community is demanded to be creative. This study aims to develop a hydroponic plant business model through the use of information-based appropriate technology. The assisted subjects in the study were urban agricultural UMKM communities incorporated in the SERPIS KRPL in Wonocolo, Jemur Wonosari, City of Surabaya. By using the ADDIE method, model development was carried out for the community in the form of appropriate technology application through a series of systematic activities and can be measured quantitatively. Data instruments were used to determine the level of effectiveness, efficiency, and attractiveness of the products produced. The content expert validation test got a score of 81.29%, in testing the media and design expert validation got a score of 96.43%, while the individual trial scored 81.67%. The result was that website and social media developed have met the needs of the UMKM KRPL SERPIS community in facilitating the delivery of messages in carrying out their business processes, and they have fulfilled the needs of diverse online users.

Retrenchment of Social Policy by Other Means: A Comparison of Agricultural and Housing Policy in Turkey

In many low- and middle-income countries, conventional welfare state institutions provide social protection only for the formally employed. In contrast, the rural and urban poor are often protected by “social policy by other means”. Based on a comparative analysis of two major unconventional welfare programs in Turkey, agricultural state support and access to squatter housing, this article explains retrenchment of social policy by other means. Agricultural retrenchment was the result of coercive policy transfer from international organizations in a post-crisis context, while the retrenchment of squatter housing was driven by domestic political entrepreneurs responding to decreases in the availability of urban land and the number of informal squatters. In both cases, retrenchment became politically sustainable due to functional replacement with more conventional welfare programs. This analysis challenges the narrow focus of mainstream welfare state research, provides an explanation of retrenchment of social policy by other means, and enhances our understanding of Turkey’s uneven welfare state development.

Strategic interaction in municipal governments' provision of public green spaces: A dynamic spatial panel data analysis in transitional China

A wide range of benefits can be provided by urban green spaces to enhance urban dwellers' social, economic and environmental welfare, and secure urban ecosystem resilience. With the increasing recognition of these benefits, municipal governments might provide urban public green spaces (UPGS) in a strategic manner to upgrade local landscape amenities so as to make their cities more attractive compared with their neighbors and boost economic growth. Based on a panel dataset of China's cities at the prefecture-level and above over the period of 2002 to 2014, this study explores the strategic interaction amongst municipal governments in providing green spaces for the general public. A novel and powerful econometric tool, the dynamic spatial Durbin model with city and time-period fixed effects, is applied to test for spatial interaction effects. The results depict a confirmative picture of the strategic interactions amongst China's municipal governments. Specifically, cities tend to mimic their neighbors and provide more UPGS as a response to the increase of UPGS provision in their neighboring cities across the whole country. Economic development, average income level, urban population growth, and urban land availability exhibit strong positive direct effects on UPGS provision in a short time-span, suggesting that municipal governments' decisions regarding UPGS provision tend to be myopic. Regional variations indicate that municipal governments in the eastern and central regions are actively involved in strategic interaction in providing UPGS, while those in the western region are not. The results illustrate that UPGS provision serves as a metric for evaluating local officials' performance complementary to the overwhelmingly-believed economic-performance based political competition, which reasonably benefits urban residents' environmental welfare in transitional China. However, a general lack of far-sighted greening perspective and inter-city synergy might engender some risks regarding the long-term resilience and stability of urban ecosystems and broad social efficiency. This study sheds light on the co-evolutionary dynamics of social and bio-physical systems, and specifically provides a scientific basis for region-specific policy making to achieve socially optimal UPGS provision in China.

Influence of Income on Shopping Behavior of Residents and Feasibility of Neighborhood Shops: A Study of Selected South Delhi Localities

<div><p><em>Metro cities of India are going through rapid phase of socio-economic development accompanied with changing standards of living and a rise in purchasing power of population. This increasing expenditure pattern calls for increase in business and commercial outlets in the cities. This is more so noticeable in NCT of Delhi where due to limited availability of urban land for multi functional land use, both planned and unplanned commercial areas are emerging fast to cater to the needs and demands of local population. However, the impact of income as well as other socio-economic factors play an important role in defining the spatial pattern of movement of shoppers which in a way define the survival of neighborhood (both planned and unplanned) shopping centers/ shops. The aim of this research paper is to understand the impact of income in defining the spatial pattern of shopping behavior of the consumer in patronizing the neighborhood shops or markets for various food and non food items. Thus, the present study focuses primarily on identification of shopping patterns / behavior of residents of selected localities in South Delhi<strong>. </strong>This study is conducted over two economic categories of localities: lower and middle income category locality consisting of areas like Gobind Puri, Gobind Puri Extension and Kalkaji DDA Flat localities; and upper middle and higher income locality consisting of areas like C.R.Park, Kalkaji Main area (excluding DDA LIG, Janta, Slum category flats) and Alakananda. The rationale behind the selection of these two separate socio- economic areas for the survey is to analyze the inter locality and intra locality comparison of shopping behavior of various income class of population.</em><em> </em></p></div><em>The findings of the study favors the feasibility of the local shops in the surveyed localities, since nearness to the market and ease of shopping has encouraged the survival of the local shops/ markets operating in the residential colonies especially for food items. However apart from income levels, standard of living is also influencing the shoppers behavior and growing trend of shopping from Malls and Plazas is also noticed showing changing preference of shoppers for well established market areas than local shops especially for non food items. Through GIS based mapping, the movement of shoppers for both food and non food items is traced and specific suggestion are given regarding the changing land use under commercial activities in the survey areas. Area specific suggestions are given in the light of Master Plan of Delhi 2021.</em>

El Método de los Valores Tipológicos (MVT): Ideas para un método de identificación y de prevaloración cualitativa de áreas a urbanizar

The studies of city planners, geographers, economists and sociologists, including the comprehensive experience of real estate promoters, bring us to hand an important and relevant amount of data; respect the urban land market with their availabilities. The research that supports this paper has had the opportunity to analyze all this available data. This permitted us to identify parameters that express qualities values for this urban land availability: like orientation, level of security, accessibility and others. Altogether, we are considering 22 parameters. This paper proposes a methodology of analysis of those parameters with the purpose of obtaining future urban land availability. This validation will constitute an important urban growth prospective tool for state investment planning.

Urban Land Release and Development in Papua New Guinea

The paper explores the role of the traditional land tenure system in the over-all development of Papua New Guinea and constructs measures to identify and to improve the availability of urban land and its accessibility to customary landowners. In the view of the author, Papua New Guinea government has not been able to persuade landowners to release their land by imposing upon them the new land-tax policy.