Urban Electricity Consumption Research Articles

Peak shaving potential analysis of distributed load virtual power plants

As an important demand-side management method, distributed load participation in demand response provides an important means for auxiliary services such as peak-clipping and calming fluctuations of renewable power generation. Air conditioning load is usually viewed as a typical thermostatically related load, and is widely distributed in residential areas. Residential air conditioning load is a kind of demand response resource with broad application prospect. During the peak load period in summer, air conditioning load accounts for more than 40% of urban electricity consumption. Moreover, air conditioning load has certain flexibility and controllability. Reasonable evaluation of its peak clipping potential can effectively promote the safety and economic efficiency of the power grid. This paper proposes an analysis method of air conditioning load demand response potential combined with electricity consumption data and physical model. Subsequently, the switching machine and working state of air-conditioning load are identified, model parameters are calculated, and the dynamic adjustment potential of air-conditioning load in the future period is analyzed. In this paper, the data of electricity consumption in a province of China is used in the case study, and the algorithm is verified by examples.

Does Financial Development Increase Urban Electricity Consumption? Evidence from Spatial and Heterogeneity Analysis

The role of financial development (FD) in China’s environment has attracted extensive attention from scholars, but few studies involved the effect of FD on urban electricity consumption (EC). This paper constructs two spatial panel models to explore the interaction between FD and EC on the basis panel data of 278 cities in China from 2005 to 2016. The results show that electricity consumption of urban residents and industrial sector in China has obvious spatial correlation and unbalanced spatial distribution. Secondly, FD can promote urban industrial electricity consumption (IEC) and urban residential electricity consumption (REC), and it has a greater impact on REC than IEC. Thirdly, spatial heterogeneity is established, and the imbalance of REC and IEC among different regions and urban scales deserves more attention. FD is conducive to enhance REC and IEC in the eastern and western regions. Meanwhile, FD plays an important role in the increase of REC and IEC in small cities, large cities, and megacities of China. Considering the above results, this paper puts forward targeted policy recommendations.

Analysis on urban scaling characteristicsofChina's relatively developed cities.

China is undergoing rapid urbanization, but the speed and stage of urban development are quite heterogeneous among different regions and city types. Understanding the urban scaling characteristics of China's relatively developed cities is important for addressing environmental and social challenges. Within the scope of 114 third-tier-and-above Chinese cities, the research calculate the scaling parameters of various urban development variables with respect to urban population and urban GRP in different city types based on urban scaling quantitative models. Also, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed on the factors affecting urban electricity consumption. The research results show that the urban scaling characteristics of Chinese cities differ between different types of cities, industrial cities show unique scaling features compared to commercial cities and mixed-economy cities. Additionally, urban electricity consumption is found to be closely related to urban population, urban construction land area and street lamp number. The results can help different types of cities make targeted policies and provide insights for reducing resource consumption during the urbanization process.

Urban carbon emissions associated with electricity consumption in Beijing and the driving factors

Cities are the main consumers of electricity, and the environmental impact of electricity use in cities has received increasing attention; however, relevant studies focus mainly on carbon emissions from urban power generation and urban direct electricity consumption, and carbon emissions induced by urban indirect electricity consumption are largely ignored. Using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carbon inventory method, the network approach and the environmentally extended multiregional input–output model, our study quantifies Beijing’s production-, supply- and consumption-based electricity-related carbon emissions in 2007–2015. Additionally, methods of decomposition analysis are used to assess the impacts of the driving factors. The results show the following: (1) In 2015, Beijing obtained 45.6 million tons and 38.9 million tons of net inflow of electricity-related carbon emissions through electricity trade and regional trade, respectively. (2) Beijing obtained a large amount of electricity-related carbon emissions by purchasing heavy industrial products from Hebei, while Beijing’s electricity-related carbon emissions flowing to Tianjin and Hebei consisted mainly of service industry products. (3) The fuel structure and energy efficiency contributed to the decline in Beijing’s production-based emissions. Interprovincial electricity transmission offset the growth of supply-based emissions in Beijing. Improved electricity efficiency and production technology helped reduce consumption-based emissions, and the consumption volume was the major driver of the growth in consumption-based emissions. This study not only enhances our understanding of the environmental impacts associated with urban electricity consumption but also provides a basis for cross-regional environmental responsibility allocation.

Factors affecting urban electricity consumption: a case study in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area using an integrated approach of earth observation data and data analysis.

Urbanization induces shifts in surface environmental factors, including impervious surface expansion, green space loss, and temperature increase in which the extreme temperature is supposed to significantly raise total electricity consumption (TEC) in urban areas. Applying remote sensing data and data analysis, this study aims to explore relationships between urbanization, surface environmental factors (SEF), and electricity consumption (EC). The relevance of surface temperature and total electricity consumption was also considered. The research found the disturbance of SEF through changes in vegetation index, urban index, and surface temperature. The vegetation was detected to be narrowed while the impervious surface and land surface temperature had the same trend of rising. These tendencies correspond to the urbanization process in theBangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA). The urbanization process was also detected by extension of customers and electricity consumption, mainly in industrial sectors and household consumption. The number of users in industrial sectors well explained total consumption. Besides, the surface environmental factors jointly contributed to the consumption inthe residential sector. Urban expansion assessed by urban index has more contribution to electricity utilization compared to surface temperature. These findings proved that the total consumption originated from the industrial sectors, especially the medium and large scales. These outcomes can serve the electrical business in order to provide adequate and improve service quality.

Electricity conservation opportunities within private university campuses in Bangladesh

The mushroom growth of universities in the developing economies, in particular, is believed to be a key contributor to the relentless aggravation in the overall demand for electricity. Moreover, the large university campuses are often compared to cities whereby the associated electricity-consumption within these campuses are also referred to account for a bulk of the total urban electricity consumption. Thus, conservation of electricity within the campus has become a core agenda of universities in quest of ensuring respective campus sustainability. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to highlight and recommend the cost-effective and best-practiced techniques applied to conserve electricity within the private universities in Bangladesh. As part of the methodology, a cost–benefit analysis of electricity conservation is put forward in the context of a case study of the North South University, the largest private university in Bangladesh. The results from the analyses imply that proper implementation of the electricity conservation and efficiency enhancement techniques within the campus can effectively cut down the total electricity bills by almost one-third and simultaneously account for a 5% reduction in the total electricity demand within the campus.

Evaluating spatiotemporal patterns of urban electricity consumption within different spatial boundaries: A case study of Chongqing, China

The timely and effective evaluation of spatiotemporal patterns of urban electricity consumption is a critical prerequisite for establishing policy on sustainable electricity utilisation in China. However, calculating urban electricity consumption in China is difficult due to the confusion generated by the various city definitions and corresponding urban boundaries. Using Chongqing as a case study, this study was the first attempt to evaluate and compare the spatiotemporal patterns of urban electricity consumption within different spatial boundaries. Four urban boundaries, including the city administrative area, city district, urban centre, and urban built-up area, were defined using the administrative boundaries and urban built-up area data. Then, the electricity consumption was estimated at a 1-km spatial resolution from 1992 to 2013 using the nighttime light data and statistical electricity consumption data. Finally, the temporal and spatial evolution of urban electricity consumption within different boundaries were evaluated and compared from multiple perspectives. The results showed that a rapid increase in urban electricity consumption occurred in the four urban boundaries in Chongqing from 1992 to 2013. The urban electricity consumption in urban built-up area accounted for 34.34%–45.69% of that in city administrative area from 1992 to 2013, which indicated that urban built-up area was still the centre of electricity consumption in Chongqing. There was a very low-gridded urban electricity consumption with significant spatial variability in city administrative area, city district, and urban centre; however, there was a wide distribution from 10.03 to 20.21 million kWh in urban built-up area. Special attention should be given to urban built-up area, which presented the highest per capita urban electricity consumption among the four urban boundaries, with values from 18,470 kWh in 2005 to 20,370 kWh in 2010. Our results also noted that the urbanisation rate has become the strongest driver of urban electricity consumption within the different urban boundaries in Chongqing, with R2 values larger than 0.95. This study suggested that decision makers should explicitly state the accounting boundaries to avoid data gaming and inaccurate results when designing benchmarks or plans or when analysing the performance of urban electricity consumption.

Pre-integrated Forecasting Method Research of Urban Electricity Consumption Based on System Dynamics and Econometric Model

Pre-integrated Forecasting Method Research of Urban Electricity Consumption Based on System Dynamics and Econometric Model