Urban Air Pollution Levels Research Articles

The influence of COVID-19 restrictions on urban air pollution levels in Jambi, Indonesia: insights into ultrafine particles and carbon components

The influence of COVID-19 restrictions on urban air pollution levels in Jambi, Indonesia: insights into ultrafine particles and carbon components

Impact of Outdoor Air Pollutants Exposure on the Severity and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Gabes Region, Tunisia.

Background Acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is considered the leading cause of infectious death worldwide. Air pollution and prolonged exposure to airborne contaminants have been implicated in various respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the specific impact of air pollution on pneumonia, particularly CAP, remains underexplored. Given the rising levels of urban air pollution and its potential health ramifications, our study aimed to examine the association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and severity as well as the outcomes of pneumonia cases requiring hospitalization. Methodology A cohort analytical study with retrospective data collection was carried out in the pulmonology department of the Gabès University Hospital between January and October 2022. We compared levels of particulate matter less than or equal to 10µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10),sulfur dioxide (SO2),ozone (O3), moisture and ambient temperature with severity and outcomes ofpneumonia requiring hospitalization. The choice of these specific pollutants and environmental factors was based on their established impact on respiratory health and their prevalence in the study region. Results Increased sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels were associated with increased use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (r = 0.400). Higher levels of particulate matter (PM10) were significantly associated with the development of lung abscesses. Similarly, increased humidity and ambient temperature were strongly correlated with the development of lung abscesses. Increased air SO2 levels were correlated with a higher CURB65 score (r = 0.299). High outdoor SO2 levels and increasing moisture content were associated with increased Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) score (r = 0.303 and = 0.310, respectively). Higher levels of PM10 were associated with an increased risk of pleural effusion, a serious complication of pneumonia. Finally, higher ambient temperatures were correlated with more extensive opacities on chest X-rays (r = 0.706), suggesting the severity of pneumonia. Conclusion This study highlights the significant associations between environmental factors and various clinical parameters in pneumonia patients. The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental exposures, such as air quality and weather conditions, in understanding and managing the severity of pneumonia.

How urban growth dynamics impact the air quality? A case of eight Indian metropolitan cities

Air pollution is a matter of great significance that confronts the sustainable progress of urban areas. Against India's swift urbanization, several urban areas exhibit the coexistence of escalating populace and expansion in developed regions alongside extensive spatial heterogeneity. The interaction mechanism between the growth of urban areas and the expansion of cities holds immense importance for the remediation of air pollution. Henceforth, the present investigation utilizes geographically weighted regression (GWR) to examine the influence of urban expansion and population growth on air quality. The examination will use a decade of data on the variation in PM2.5 levels from 2010 to 2020 in eight Indian metropolitan cities. The study's findings demonstrate a spatial heterogeneity between urban growth dynamics and air pollution levels. Urban growth and the expansion of cities demonstrate notable positive impacts on air quality, although the growth of infilling within expanding urban areas can significantly affect air quality. Given the unique trajectories of urban development in developing countries, this research provides many suggestions for urban administrators to foster sustainable urban growth.

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF TRAFFIC FLOWS ON THE STATE OF THE STREET AND ROAD NETWORK OF THE CITY

The article is devoted to the assessment and forecasting of the level of atmospheric air pollution in street canyons in Kyiv by controlling the parameters of traffic flow. Today, road transport is the main anthropogenic source of environmental pollution. The specificity of air pollution by traffic flows lies in their ground location, close proximity to people's homes, which leads to the accumulation of pollutants near the ground surface - in the breathing zone of people. The article analyzes the main approaches to modeling the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere from motor vehicles. It is advisable to assess the level of urban air pollution in homogeneous elements of the urban area - street canyons. Based on the urban street canyons model (OSPM), the level of pollution in the street canyons of the Pechersk district of Kyiv by the main harmful substances contained in car exhaust gases is determined. The critical intensity of traffic flows for each of the street canyons at which the level of pollution by the corresponding harmful substance reaches the maximum permissible value was determined. Thus, the obtained results of the study allow us to quickly predict the level of air pollution in the roadside space of cities and prevent environmentally hazardous situations by controlling the parameters of the traffic flow.

Impacts of Building Environment and Urban Green Space Features on Urban Air Quality: Focusing on Interaction Effects and Nonlinearity

Air pollution is a rising environmental concern that has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. Building environment and urban green space features play a crucial role in the dispersion and accumulation of air pollutants. This study examines the impacts of building environment and urban green space on air pollution levels in the highly urbanized city of Hong Kong, focusing on their interaction effects and potential nonlinearity. For the analysis, this paper investigates how building density, building height, building types, urban green space size, and number of urban green space clusters, as well as their interplays, impact PM2.5 concentrations using high-resolution, satellite-based PM2.5 grids coupled with spatial analysis techniques. The findings reveal that a unit increase in the size of urban green space and the standard deviation of building height contribute to a 0.0004 and a 0.0154 reduction in PM levels, respectively. In contrast, air pollution levels are found to be positively associated with building density (0.1117), scatteredness of urban green space (0.0003), and share of commercial buildings (1.0158). Moreover, it has been found that building height presents a U-shape relationship with PM2.5 concentrations. Finally, the negative association between the size of urban green space and air pollution levels tends to be enlarged in districts with more low-rise buildings. This study conveys important building environment and urban green space planning implications.

Can low-carbon cities increase urban housing prices? Evidence from China's low-carbon city pilot.

The low-carbon transformation is a broad and profound systemic change that will inevitably impact many areas of the urban environment, economy, and social system. We evaluated the impact of China's ongoing "low-carbon pilot policy" on urban housing prices as a "quasi-natural experiment." Existing research findings and hedonic theory predictions suggest that the low-carbon city pilot (LCCP) policy is increasing urban housing prices through air quality improvements. However, this study contradicts these speculations based on the situation in China. This study employed the analytical framework of staggered difference-in-differences (DID), which revealed that the LCCP policy had generally reduced housing prices; the implementation of the policy had led to an average decrease of 6.2% in housing prices in pilot cities, compared to non-pilot cities. The LCCP policy affected housing prices by influencing both the "demand side" and "supply side" of housing. In terms of the demand side, the policy significantly reduced the level of urban air pollution but did not impact housing prices. Instead, it negatively affected housing prices by lowering labor wages. In terms of the supply side, housing prices were negatively affected, mainly by increasing the cost of emission reduction of real estate enterprises, which impacted the original longstanding housing production process. Additionally, there were significant differences in the impact of the LCCP policy on housing prices in cities across different geographical locations and different tiers of cities. This study suggests important policy insights for achieving stable market housing prices and promoting high-quality urban development in the process of low-carbon transformation.

How does Air Pollution Affects the Employment in Service Sector? Empirical Evidence from China

Air pollution has significant negative externalities and affects all aspects of life. This paper examines whether air pollution levels affect service sector employment using panel data for 270 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2020. The results found that urban air pollution level has a significant negative impact on employment in the service sector, and it still holds after quantile estimation. The findings of this paper have some policy implications for improving relevant air pollution control measures and promoting the employment in service sector.

Can intellectual property rights protection reduce air pollution? A quasi-natural experiment from China

China began to implement the National Intellectual Property Rights Demonstration Cities (NIPRDC) policy in 2012 to strengthen intellectual property rights (IPR) system. Few studies have focused on the effects of IPR protection on air pollution. Using a panel data set of 268 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2016, this study is the first to adopt a multi-period difference-in- differences (DID) method to examine the effect and mechanism of the NIPRDC policy on air pollution. The results show that the establishment of NIPRDC can effectively reduce the level of urban air pollution, resulting from the effects of technological innovation and industrial structure. Moreover, the air pollution reduction effect of the NIPRDC policy is found to be more significant in resource-based cities. In addition, panel quantile regression results show that the strength of IPR protection helps to improve air quality in high-polluting areas. These findings provide new evidence for the relationship between IPR protection and air pollution, and also provide policy guidance for developing countries seeking both innovation and environmental protection.

TRANSPORT POLLUTION OF THE AIR BASIN OF URBAN CANYONS

The article deals with the problem of pollution of the air basin of urban areas, taking into account development. Emissions into the atmosphere of sulfur oxides, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen in the absence of wind in the lower layers of the atmosphere, strong inversion, high solar activity and interaction with water vapor in the air form acids of harmful substances. The general concept of the transition to clean air in urban areas proposes to consider the systemic integrity of objects consisting of three - “human«environment« transport”. Theoretical and practical calculations of the transverse profile of dispersion of pollution from road transport in the main areas were carried out. Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the propagation range of vehicle emissions (for example, nitrogen oxides) significantly exceeds the distances at which pedestrian and bicycle paths pass, and pose a danger to human health.
 If a highway passes through a street canyon, then specific conditions are created for the dispersion of pollutants, resulting in the creation of contrasting microclimatic zones with an increased concentration of air pollution. These data can be dozens of times higher than the normative values and concentrations of pollutants in open space. It is proposed to create low emission zones (LEZ) by promoting public transport or encouraging active modes of transport. The results obtained make it possible to determine rational and economically justified sets of measures to reduce the level of urban air pollution and rational methods of organizing traffic, taking into account the likely degree of pollution of urban areas, including canyons, in accordance with design solutions.

What you see is what you breathe? Estimating air pollution spatial variation using street level imagery.

High spatial resolution information on urban air pollution levels is unavailable in many areas globally, partially due to high input data needs of existing estimation approaches. Here we introduce a computer vision method to estimate annual means for air pollution levels from street level images. We used annual mean estimates of NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations from locally calibrated models as labels from London, New York, and Vancouver to allow for compilation of a sufficiently large dataset (~250k images for each city). Our experimental setup is designed to quantify intra and intercity transferability of image-based model estimates. Performances were high and comparable to traditional land-use regression (LUR) and dispersion models when training and testing on images from the same city (R2 values between 0.51 and 0.95 when validated on data from ground monitoring stations). Like LUR models, transferability of models between cities in different geographies is more difficult. Specifically, transferability between the three cities i.e., London, New York, and Vancouver, which have similar pollution source profiles were moderately successful (R2 values between zero and 0.67). Comparatively, performances when transferring models trained on these cities with very different source profiles i.e., Accra in Ghana and Hong Kong were lower (R2 between zero and 0.21) suggesting the need for local calibration with local calibration using additional measurement data from cities that share similar source profiles.

Energy poverty influences urban outdoor air pollution levels during COVID-19 lockdown in south-central Chile

The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on ambient air pollution levels in urban south-central Chile, where outdoor air pollution primarily originates indoors from wood burning for heating, may differ from trends in cities where transportation and industrial emission sources dominate. This quasi-experimental study compared hourly fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter measurements from six air monitors (three beta attenuation monitors; three low-cost sensors) in commercial and low/middle-income residential areas of Temuco, Chile between 2019 and 2020. The potential impact of varying annual meterological conditions on air quality was also assessed. During COVID-19 lockdown, average monthly ambient PM2.5 concentrations in a commercial and middle-income residential neighborhood of Temuco were up to 50% higher (from 12 to 18 μg/m3) and 59% higher (from 22 to 35 μg/m3) than 2019 levels, respectively. Conversely, PM2.5 levels decreased by up to 52% (from 43 to 21 μg/m3) in low-income areas. The fine fraction of PM10 in April 2020 was 48% higher than in April 2017–2019 (from 50% to 74%) in a commercial area. These changes did not appear to result from meterological differences between years. During COVID-19 lockdown, higher outdoor PM2.5 pollution from wood heating existed in more affluent areas of Temuco, while PM2.5 concentrations declined among poorer households refraining from wood heating. To reduce air pollution and energy poverty in south-central Chile, affordability of clean heating fuels (e.g. electricity) should be a policy priority.

A Review of Photocatalytic Materials for Urban NOx Remediation

NOx is a pervasive pollutant in urban environments. This review assesses the current state of the art of photocatalytic oxidation materials, designed for the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the urban environment, and typically, but not exclusively based on titanium dioxide (TiO2). Field trials with existing commercial materials, such as paints, asphalt and concrete, in a range of environments including street canyons, car parks, tunnels, highways and open streets, are considered in-depth. Lab studies containing the most recent developments in the photocatalytic materials are also summarised, as well as studies investigating the impact of physical parameters on their efficiency. It is concluded that this technology may be useful as a part of the measures used to lower urban air pollution levels, yielding ∼2% NOx removal in the immediate area around the surface, for optimised TiO2, in some cases, but is not capable of the reported high NOx removal efficiencies >20% in outdoor urban environments, and can in some cases lower air quality by releasing hazardous by-products. However, research into new material is ongoing. The reason for the mixed results in the studies reviewed, and massive range of removal efficiencies reported (from negligible and up to >80%) is mainly the large range of testing practices used. Before deployment in individual environments site-specific testing should be performed, and new standards for lab and field testing should be developed. The longevity of the materials and their potential for producing hazardous by-products should also be considered.

Organization of Urban Transport Organization – Presentation of Bicycle System and Bicycle Infrastructure in Lublin

Abstract The introduction of a city bike system, which has become a complement to the public transport system in large cities and mainly in the most crowded city centers, seems to be a very good solution, which may contribute to reducing urban congestion, air pollution, and noise level. In many situations, bicycle transport can solve the deficiencies in public transport, e.g. at nights, during holidays and on days when bus services are operated to a limited extent. The article presents the functioning of the city bike system in Lublin implemented at the end of 2014, including basic information on the system, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the existing infrastructure and development prospects.

An assessment of ambient air quality using AQI and exceedance factor for Udaipur City, Rajasthan (India)

Air pollution is a severe issue of concern worldwide due to its most significant environmental risk to human health today. All substances that appear in excessive amounts in the environment, such as PM10, NO2, or SO2, may be associated with severe health problems. Anthropogenic sources of these pollutants are mainly responsible for the deterioration of urban air quality. These sources include stationary point sources, mobile sources, waste disposal landfills, open burning, and similar others. Due to these pollutants, people are at increased risk of various serious diseases like breathing problems and heart disease, and the death rate due to these diseases can also increase. Hence, air quality monitoring is essential in urban areas to control and regulate the emission of these pollutants to reduce the health impacts on human beings. Udaipur has been selected for the assessment of air quality with monitored air quality data. Air quality monitoring stations in Udaipur city are operated by the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) and RSPCB (Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board). The purpose of this study is to characterize the level of urban air pollution through the measurement of PM10, NO2, or SO2 in Udaipur city, Rajasthan (India). Four sampling locations were selected for Udaipur city to assess the effect of urban air pollution and ambient air quality, and it was monitored for a year from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. The air quality index has been calculated with measured values of PM10, NO2, and SO2. The concentration of PM10 is at a critical level of pollution and primarily responsible for bad air quality and high air quality Index in Udaipur city.

High Level of Real Urban Air Pollution Promotes Cardiac Arrhythmia in Healthy Mice.

Background and ObjectivesAmbient particulate matter (PM) in real urban air pollution (RUA) is an environmental health risk factor associated with increased cardiac events. This study investigated the threshold level to induce arrhythmia, as well as arrhythmogenic mechanism of RUA that mainly consisted of PM <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter close to ultrafine particles.MethodsRUA was artificially produced by a lately developed pyrolysis based RUA generator. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (control, n=12) and three groups with exposure to RUA with the concentration of 200 µg/m3 (n=12), 400 µg/m3 (n=12), and 800 µg/m3 (n=12). Mice were exposed to RUA at each concentration for 8 hr/day and 5 day/week to mimic ordinary human activity during 3 weeks.ResultsThe QRS and QTc intervals, as well as intracellular Ca2+ duration, apicobasal action potential duration (APD) gradient, fibrosis, and inflammation of left ventricle of mouse hearts were increased dose-dependently with the increase of RUA concentration, and significantly increased at RUA concentration of 400 µg/m3 compared to control (all p<0.001). In mice exposed to RUA concentration of 800 µg/m3, spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 42%, with significant increase of inflammatory markers, phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and phospholamban (PLB) compared to control.ConclusionsRUA could induce electrophysiological changes such as APD and QT prolongation, fibrosis, and inflammation dose-dependently, with significant increase of ventricular arrhythmia at the concentration of 400 µg/m3. RUA concentration of 800 µg/m3 increased phosphorylation of CaMKII and PLB.

Air Pollution and Kidney Diseases: PM2.5 as an Emerging Culprit.

Clinical Background: As a result of modern industrialization, air pollution has become a potential contributor to global burden of noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and kidney disease. Epidemiology: Emerging epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with an increased risk for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-related mortality. Exposure to PM2.5, even at relatively low concentrations, is a risk factor for a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and a faster decline in glomerular filtration rate. It has been estimated that the global burden of CKD attributable to PM2.5 is 6.95 million incident cases of CKD per year. Low- and middle-income countries in the Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asia regions experienced the highest urban air pollution levels, thus facing a heavier burden of related disease. Challenges: Despite a growing awareness of kidney damage related to air pollution, large gaps still exist between the exact toxicological effect of particles on the kidney and the increasing prevalence of air pollution-related kidney diseases. Considering the geographic variation of air pollution, more longitudinal studies in different parts of the world are urgently needed, especially in those most affected countries. Prevention and Treatment: Air pollution control should be regarded as a high priority in urban plan and policy making. Actions are required to narrow gaps in knowledge and clean air, thus preventing air pollution-related kidney disease.

Influence of the Ecological State of the Environment on COVID-19 Distributions

The article analyzes the impact of the ecological state of the environment on the spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine and the world. As of June 1, 2020, 24,012 diseases with COVID-19 were registered in Ukraine, 718 people died. According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, there is a gradual increase in the incidence of COVID-19. According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, this is due to non-compliance by people with such quarantine measures as the rules of personal protection and social distance. However, finding out the exact causal relationships requires detailed research. Although COVID-19 is thought to be mainly spread by airborne droplets and through infected surfaces or direct personal contact from person to person, high levels of urban air pollution, weather, and specific climatic conditions appear to have a significant impact on increasing levels confirmed COVID-19. Since solid particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 are a very significant concomitant indicator and a prerequisite for the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and hospitalizations. It is estimated that the incidence of COVID-19 will increase by almost 100 percent when the concentration of air pollution increases by 20 percent. The results of the research are relevant for the formation of recommendations to public authorities to improve the state environmental policy in terms of modernization of monitoring systems for drinking water quality, water bodies, soils, air. Generalizations will be useful in the implementation of European standards in the field of environmental protection, analytical report for parliamentary hearings, recommendations for the regions of Ukraine to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air and watercourses, compliance with environmental safety requirements to combat the spread of viral infections. As a result of optimization of the environmental monitoring network (air, water, soils, sediments) it will be possible for all competent authorities to make more informed management decisions based on data on the state of the environment. And specific vector recommendations for improving the geo-ecological state of the environment (air quality, reservoirs, soils) in the regions of Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of the ecological state of each region will help combat the spread of viruses and infections, will have a positive impact on public health.

Spatial-temporal levels, variations and sources of NO2/NOx in the sub-Saharan African city of Accra, Ghana

Background. As the world’s fastest urbanizing region, rapid economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is raising levels of urban air pollution from diverse local and regional sources. While measurement data are now emerging from SSA on particulate matter pollution, there is limited information on major combustion related gaseous pollutants. We examined the levels, spatial, seasonal, and socioeconomic patterns as well as sources of oxides of nitrogen (NOx: NO2/NO) in Accra, Ghana’s capital and one of SSA’s largest metropolitan cities.Methods. We collected weekly integrated ambient NO2 and NOx samples using OGAWA passive samplers at 150 sites, consisting of a year-long (n=10) and week-long (n=140) averages which included a range of land-uses and emissions sources (traffic, biomass).Results. Annual mean NO2 across all sites was 52 µg/m3. Both NO2 and NOx concentrations were highest between November and February, the ‘Harmattan’ period when local and regional meteorology is altered, with means of 73 and 218 µg/m3, respectively, comparing to 47 and 116 µg/m3 during non-Harmattan period. The mean NO2 and NOx levels were highest at roadside sites (82 and 285 µg/m3), followed by residential (46 and 102 µg/m3) and sub-urban background sites (27 and 67 µg/m3). There was no difference between high-density (i.e. low-income and high biomass use) and low-density (i.e. high-income and low biomass use) residential sites. The overall sample mean NO2/NOx ratio was 0.53, varying from 0.35 at roadside sites to 0.63 at residential sites.Conclusions. Traffic is the most important contribution for NOx in Accra, while contribution from biomass burning shows no difference at high- and low-income neighborhoods. NO2/NOx ratios are significantly lower than in North American, European and East Asian cities, indicating a less oxidative atmospheric condition in Accra, especially among traffic sites. “Harmattan” increases local pollution level significantly, possibly by altering local and regional meteorology conditions.

Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy

This paper investigates the correlation between the high level of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection accelerated transmission and lethality, and surface air pollution in Milan metropolitan area, Lombardy region in Italy. For January–April 2020 period, time series of daily average inhalable gaseous pollutants ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), together climate variables (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation rate, atmospheric pressure field and Planetary Boundary Layer) were analyzed. In spite of being considered primarily transmitted by indoor bioaerosols droplets and infected surfaces or direct human-to-human personal contacts, it seems that high levels of urban air pollution, and climate conditions have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 diffusion. Exhibited positive correlations of ambient ozone levels and negative correlations of NO2 with the increased rates of COVID-19 infections (Total number, Daily New positive and Total Deaths cases), can be attributed to airborne bioaerosols distribution. The results show positive correlation of daily averaged O3 with air temperature and inversely correlations with relative humidity and precipitation rates. Viral genome contains distinctive features, including a unique N-terminal fragment within the spike protein, which allows coronavirus attachment on ambient air pollutants. At this moment it is not clear if through airborne diffusion, in the presence of outdoor and indoor aerosols, this protein “spike” of the new COVID-19 is involved in the infectious agent transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host during the highest nosocomial outbreak in some agglomerated industrialized urban areas like Milan is. Also, in spite of collected data for cold season (winter-early spring) period, when usually ozone levels have lower values than in summer, the findings of this study support possibility as O3 can acts as a COVID-19 virus incubator. Being a novel pandemic coronavirus version, it might be ongoing during summer conditions associated with higher air temperatures, low relative humidity and precipitation levels.

Assessing the relationship between surface levels of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter impact on COVID-19 in Milan, Italy

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly pathogenic, transmittable and invasive pneumococcal disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 and January 2020 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China and fast spread later on the middle of February 2020 in the Northern part of Italy and Europe.This study investigates the correlation between the degree of accelerated diffusion and lethality of COVID-19 and the surface air pollution in Milan metropolitan area, Lombardy region, Italy. Daily average concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM) in two size fractions PM2.5, PM10 and maxima PM10 ground level atmospheric pollutants together air quality and climate variables (daily average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure field and Planetary Boundary Layer-PBL height) collected during 1 January–30 April 2020 were analyzed. In spite of being considered primarily transmitted by indoor bioaerosols droplets and infected surfaces, or direct human-to-human personal contacts, it seems that high levels of urban air pollution, weather and specific climate conditions have a significant impact on the increased rates of confirmed COVID-19 Total number, Daily New and Total Deaths cases, possible attributed not only to indoor but also to outdoor airborne bioaerosols distribution. Our analysis demonstrates the strong influence of daily averaged ground levels of particulate matter concentrations, positively associated with average surface air temperature and inversely related to air relative humidity on COVID-19 cases outbreak in Milan. Being a novel pandemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) version, COVID-19 might be ongoing during summer conditions associated with higher temperatures and low humidity levels. Presently is not clear if this protein “spike” of the new coronavirus COVID-19 is involved through attachment mechanisms on indoor or outdoor airborne aerosols in the infectious agent transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host in some agglomerated urban areas like Milan is.