Uptake Of Technologies Research Articles

Child Health Nurses' Acceptance and Use of a Novel Telehealth Platform: A Mixed-Method Study.

Telehealth appointments in the healthcare sector have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing patients' access to services. However, research exploring nurse perceptions of implemented telehealth services in the community sector is limited. Within the context of quality improvement, the current study aimed to understand child health nurses' acceptance and use of a novel telehealth platform using mixed methods. A total of 38 child health nurses completed an online survey that included multiple-choice questions based on an expanded Technology Acceptance Model and open-ended questions exploring barriers and facilitators to use. Results demonstrated that despite 70% of nurse users having completed less than three sessions with parents, perception and acceptance scores were high. Overall, 85% of variance in satisfaction with the platform and 46% of variance in intention to use the platform were predicted by perception scores. Three consistent themes generated from data were facilitators for use and five as barriers, which provided further understanding to findings. To ensure telehealth is adapted into routine clinical care, facilitators and barriers for implementation need to be identified and addressed. Nurses need to be engaged in implementation and ongoing maintenance to ensure the uptake and optimal use of technology within nursing care.

Uptake of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices: a three-phase behavioral model

Uptake of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices: a three-phase behavioral model

Reimagining Ethical Leverage in Technology for Peaceful Synodality: A Bioethics of Synodality with Technology

This paper seeks to reimagine ethical leverage in technology for peaceful synodality (the term peaceful synodality is coined to mean a synodality that welcomes participation and inclusion of people from different backgrounds and views without compromising the truth and respecting their dignity and journeying together) through the lens of the bioethics of synodality with technology. The concept of this paper is that technology can be leveraged ethically to promote peaceful synodality in the Catholic Church and that such an approach to technology is rooted in reimagining a bioethics of synodality that emphasize the need for journeying hand in hand with the speed at which technological advancement moves in order to enhance ethical decision-making processes. Ethics has moved at a different pace than technology, especially in matters involving human life. Ethics has been viewed as problematic in technology, especially where science wants to be neutral, but rethinking ethics as a companion of emerging technologies will be helpful in directing the ethical uptake of technology. To argue this thesis, the paper will employ a review of relevant literature while presenting the theological and ethical perspectives of synodality. By and large, an interdisciplinary approach will be employed where various disciplines play a key role. Such methodology advances the theme of reimagining Catholic ethics by offering a fresh perspective on the ethical implications of technology in the context of synodality. By emphasizing the importance of journeying together through enhanced ethical guidelines for proper decision-making and by exploring how technology can respect human rights and dignity among other values, this paper contributes to a broader conversation about how Catholic ethics can be reimagined in light of technological developments. Ultimately, this paper argues that a bioethics of synodality with technology can offer a vision for technology that is grounded in Catholic social teaching that promotes universally accepted human dignity and the common good. A cross-cutting method will also be used, given that ethics has basically constant principles, yet technology keeps on changing. Reimagining ethics means studying the advancement brought about by biotechnology and seeing to what degree human beings are affected in their basic rights and the risks versus the benefits brought about by the same. The assumption is that decisions made regarding the ethics of various technologies will be at par with the rate at which new technologies emerge and are employed. What is of vital importance is that ethics can have the power to journey together with technology, not as an adversary but in synodality. Reimagining ethics means being ever alert in the developing technologies that serve humanity so that in consultation with various experts, the best practices can be embraced within the ethical guidelines for the common good. The outcome of this research is that reimagining Catholic ethics involves listening to the needs of humanity and how technology is bringing solutions to them. Participating in bioethical debates, training on bioethics and listening to experts in various fields will enable a critical, analytical and pneumatological discernment of how ethical decisions on frontier technologies can benefit non-humans and humans.

INTEGRATION INTO GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES ON BARRIERS TO THE INNOVATION-EXPORT NEXUS

Little is known about the different barriers that firms face as they advance with their technology uptake and tap into new markets. We show on a sample of 36,900 industrial enterprises that inwards-oriented firms had access to financial means but shied away from the economic risks associated with innovation activities. Exporters see opportunities for their innovation projects, but shy away from the investments needed. The failure to provide a supportive eco-system for innovation is one of the reasons why Russian manufacturers have not succeeded to integrate into global supply chains beyond the territories of the former Soviet Union.

Digital transitions in healthcare: the need for transdisciplinary research to overcome barriers of privacy enhancing technologies uptake

PurposeAdopting Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) is key to accelerating digitisation of the healthcare sector while simultaneously upholding data protection rights and increasing cybersecurity. While such technologies are market-ready, the uptake of PETs in healthcare is lagging behind. In this study we explore how conflicting logics and disciplinary disparities impact PET adoption, and how transdisciplinary (TD) methods can facilitate collaboration and mutual learning to overcome these hurdles.MethodsA sequential mixed-methods case analysis is employed, focusing on a specific multidisciplinary partnership within the healthcare sector. TD methods are used to examine challenges and underlying value systems related to PET adoption.ResultsConflicting institutional logics in healthcare, driven by missions and value systems, hinder collaborative efforts. TD methods promote awareness of disciplinary disparities, fostering an appreciative attitude toward diverse viewpoints, with an active facilitator playing a crucial role. Mutual learning aids in identifying collective actions to address challenges but may lead to tensions when issues are framed differently. TD methods, however, fall short in guiding decision-making when preferences diverge.ConclusionsSustainable PET adoption in healthcare requires addressing underlying value systems, effective communication, interdisciplinary consciousness and mutual learning. Acknowledging and managing tensions, particularly in diverse data governance contexts, proves important for successful PET adoption. Our research highlights the complexity of multidisciplinary partnerships, urging additional research to guide decision-making and governmental interventions. Ultimately, understanding these dynamics is a constructive approach for improving healthcare practices and outcomes through PET adoption.

The Effects of Digitalization on the Sustainability of Small Farms

Digitalization of agriculture is one of the priorities of the EU’s rural development strategy “From Field to Table”, which promotes the creation of more added value and climate change mitigation in agriculture. A growing body of the literature argues that digitalization enables better information management, reduces production costs, and increases the potential for farm income growth, but only a few papers provide empirical studies on how digitalization improves the performance of small farms. To fill this gap in the literature, this paper presents a case study as empirical evidence of the impact of digital innovation on smallholder performance through a sustainable development lens. This paper reports research based on a pilot digitalization project implemented on a small organic farm. It examines the identification of logical links between the digitalization processes introduced and the impact of digitalization on the economic, social, and environmental performance of the small farm. The case study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and based on the results of a pilot project. The findings of this study provide evidence that the introduction of digital technologies has improved the economic performance of the farm, including a reduction in labor costs, improved customer relations, improvements in farmers’ investment planning, and process redesign. Based on this study, recommendations are made to policymakers on how to promote the uptake of digital technologies in smallholder farming.

Facilitators of and Barriers to the Use of a Digital Self-Management Service for Diagnostic Testing: Focus Group Study With Potential Users.

Health care lags in digital transformation, despite the potential of technology to improve the well-being of individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake of technology in health care and increased individuals' willingness to perform self-management using technology. A web-based service, Directlab Online, provides consumers with direct digital access to diagnostic test packages, which can digitally support the self-management of health. This study aims to identify the facilitators, barriers, and needs of Directlab Online, a self-management service for web-based access to diagnostic testing. A qualitative method was used from a potential user's perspective. The needs and future needs for, facilitators of, and barriers to the use of Directlab Online were evaluated. Semistructured focus group meetings were conducted in 2022. Two focus groups were focused on sexually transmitted infection test packages and 2 were focused on prevention test packages. Data analysis was performed according to the principles of the Framework Method. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to categorize the facilitators and barriers. In total, 19 participants, with a mean age of 34.32 (SD 14.70) years, participated in the focus groups. Important barriers were a lack of privacy information, too much and difficult information, and a commercial appearance. Important facilitators were the right amount of information, the right kind of tests, and the involvement of a health care professional. The need for a service such as Directlab Online was to ensure its availability for users' health and to maintain their health. According to the participants, facilitators and barriers were comprehension of the information, the goal of the website, and the overall appearance of the service. Although the service was developed in cocreation with health care professionals and users, the needs did not align. The users preferred understandable and adequate, but not excessive, information. In addition, they preferred other types of tests to be available on the service. For future research, it would be beneficial to focus on cocreation between the involved medical professionals and users to develop, improve, and implement a service such as Directlab Online.

Integrating Water Management Practices with Modern Irrigation Technologies in Aalo, West Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh

This research addresses the imperative of harmonizing traditional water management practices with contemporary irrigation technologies to ensure sustainable water use in Aalo, West Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. Given the pressing need to optimize water resources for agricultural pursuits while upholding environmental integrity and socio-economic progress, a multidisciplinary methodology is employed. Aalo faces multifaceted challenges such as water scarcity, erratic rainfall patterns, and escalating agricultural demands. While traditional water management methods have historically upheld agricultural livelihoods, the advent of modern irrigation technologies presents promising avenues for bolstering water efficiency, crop productivity, and sustainable development. Through a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis, qualitative assessments, and participatory research methods, the study endeavors to comprehensively understand water management practices and irrigation technologies in Aalo. Surveys, interviews, and field observations will facilitate the assessment of traditional water management systems' efficacy in mitigating water scarcity and supporting agricultural productivity. Concurrently, the study will evaluate the adoption and impact of modern irrigation technologies on water use efficiency, crop yields, and socio-economic indicators in the region. Anticipated findings are poised to unveil synergies and prospects for integrating traditional wisdom with modern irrigation practices to fortify sustainability and resilience in water management. Consequently, the study will offer actionable recommendations targeted at policymakers, agricultural extension services, and local communities. These recommendations encompass preserving traditional water management systems, promoting the uptake of modern irrigation technologies, fostering knowledge exchange, capacity-building initiatives, and nurturing community engagement in water management endeavors. Through these initiatives, the research aims to foster a holistic approach towards sustainable water management practices in Aalo, poised at the nexus of traditional knowledge and contemporary innovation.

Technology application driven farmers’ income enhancement: Evidences for spatial, sectoral and social inclusiveness

Indian farmers have played decisive role in ensuring national food security, however issues about their economic security have been a matter of concern. The study conducted during 2022 with 3648 farmers in 29 districts of Karnataka, exhibited the possibilities for income enhancement through technology-supported productivity-driven, diversification and agri-entrepreneurship promoted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs). The composition of income, estimated through Simpson’s Index of Diversity, testify the inclusiveness in sources of household income. Income enhancement across agro-climatic zones corroborated for the spatial inclusiveness. Evidences across different landholding categories demonstrated the social inclusiveness. Horticultural sector contributed highest to absolute enhancement in farmers’ income, but farm and non-farm enterprises, fisheries and livestock had higher rate of growth. Technology uptake was the catalyser for income enhancement across the sectors. The results provide an empirical framework for stage I impact, driven by productivity enhancement, leading to diversification and entrepreneurship development.

Environmental footprint analysis of domestic air source heat pumps

Air source heat pumps (ASHP) are increasingly being recognised as a low carbon alternative to traditional fossil fuel type heating systems for residential buildings, with many countries targeting their mass deployment to meet their emissions reduction goals. However, the environmental impacts of ASHPs throughout their entire life cycle to include manufacture and end-of-life, as well as operation, have not received comprehensive attention to date. This study addresses this gap by conducting a review of research quantifying the life cycle impact of domestic ASHPs, coupled with an examination of technology uptake and deployment. By analysing the entire life cycle, from production to end-of-life, the global warming potential of a 6 kW ASHP is estimated to be 35.8 t CO2 equivalent over the lifetime of 17 years identified by the study. Additionally, the study conducts a comparative analysis of the operational footprint based on a range of electricity carbon footprint and suggests possible improvement of 1200 % with targeted improvments. Furthermore, the study calculates the global warming potential using both the seasonal performance factor specified by a heat pump manufacturer and real-world field trial data. The findings unveil a significant disparity of 20 % between the two methodologies, underscoring the paramount importance of incorporating in-field heat pump performance data when evaluating their environmental impact.

Auf dem Weg zum CO2-Binnenmarkt: Vorrang für Negativemissionen

Abstract With its Industrial Carbon Management Strategy, the European Commission has defined an initial framework for the future promotion of CO2 capture, storage and use in the EU. In particular, negative emission technologies like direct air capture promise to play a key long-term role on the path towards a climate-neutral Europe. However, timely capacity building requires an early technology uptake, which is currently impeded by various market obstacles, including learning externalities, coordination failure and the lack of a stable revenue perspective. Under these conditions, clear priorities and support measures are needed to create a genuine internal market for CO2. A successful strategy should be based on three pillars: the promotion of negative emissions via carbon-contracts-for-difference, standards and coordination devices for the EU-wide development of a carbon infrastructure as well as the establishment of technology partnerships at the global level.

The effect of digital transformation on the productivity of business enterprises in South Africa

As digital technologies continue to shape the economy, countries are faced with increasing scrutiny in the use of digital transformation to aid productivity and improve performance. In South Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated Small and medium-sized businesses’ (SMEs’) uptake of digital technologies, as many businesses had to shift their operations online and adopt new digital tools and technologies to solve the challenges posed by the pandemic. This has led to an increased focus on digital transformation mechanisms among South African firms. Therefore, the study examines the effect of digital transformation on the productivity of firms using cross-sectional data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) (2020). The survey was based on firms and is a representative sample of the private sector in the South African economy and covers a wide variety of business environment themes, such as infrastructure, competitiveness, access to finance, and performance indicators. We found that digital transformation improved productivity of South African firms. Furthermore, empirical findings are reassuring robust to the IV-2SLS and quantile regression model, size of business, sectoral and provincial analysis. Finally, we recommend that policy makers should develop and implement initiatives to improve digital infrastructure, including high-speed internet access and reliable connectivity, especially in rural and underserved areas.

What is driving the global decline of human fertility? Need for a multidisciplinary approach to the underlying mechanisms.

An intense period of human population expansion over the past 250 years is about to cease. Total fertility rates are falling dramatically all over the world such that highly industrialized nations, including China and the tiger economies of SE Asia, will see their populations decline significantly in the coming decades. The socioeconomic, geopolitical and environmental ramifications of this change are considerable and invite a multidisciplinary consideration of the underlying mechanisms. In the short-term, socioeconomic factors, particularly urbanization and delayed childbearing are powerful drivers of reduced fertility. In parallel, lifestyle factors such as obesity and the presence of numerous reproductive toxicants in the environment, including air-borne pollutants, nanoplastics and electromagnetic radiation, are seriously compromising reproductive health. In the longer term, it is hypothesized that the reduction in family size that accompanies the demographic transition will decrease selection pressure on high fertility genes leading to a progressive loss of human fecundity. Paradoxically, the uptake of assisted reproductive technologies at scale, may also contribute to such fecundity loss by encouraging the retention of poor fertility genotypes within the population. Since the decline in fertility rate that accompanies the demographic transition appears to be ubiquitous, the public health implications for our species are potentially devastating.

Examining the potential use of technology in permanent supportive housing

ABSTRACT Introduction Research on using technology in permanent supportive housing (PSH) has been limited. This study conducted formative work on understanding how technology might benefit PSH tenants. Method Focus groups were conducted at five PSH sites in Southern California, with 42 tenants participating. Thematic analysis was carried out in which data were analyzed both deductively and inductively using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Thematic findings were organized using the theory's constructs. Results Participants generally acknowledged that technology can improve the health and well-being of PSH tenants but noted that many barriers to uptake exist. Tenants identified that PSH programs could play a more active role in facilitating technology uptake by providing universal Wi-Fi access in buildings and assigning a staff member to help residents become more familiar with new technology. Limited expectations that residents should or will use technology, however, may impede programs from playing this role. Conclusion The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology proved useful in studying how technology could be used to improve the lives of PSH tenants. Future work should include the perspectives of service providers that will need to be considered during the development and piloting of specific technologies.

Farmers’ intentions to adopt Triple S for sweetpotato seed conservation

ABSTRACT In Uganda, farmers in arid and semi-arid areas lack sweetpotato seed after dry spells. This constrains the crop’s potential to contribute to food security. Triple S (sand, storage, sprouting) is a root-based technology addressing seed scarcity. Despite the technology’s efficacy, a systematic assessment of its demand has not been done. A study was undertaken to assess how Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Perceptions influence farmers uptake of the Triple S, using a structured questionnaire with 255 farmers stratified into users (n = 132) and non-users (n = 123). Sex-disaggregated focus groups were conducted with 40 farmers. The Theory of Planned Behavior and Technology Adoption Model were used to test hypotheses on Triple S adoption. Perceived Behavior Control, Perceived Usefulness and Knowledge positively predicted Behavior Intention (BI) only for non-users, while Attitude, Subjective Norms and Agency predicted BI for users. Gender Norms negatively influenced Agency for both groups. Gender-responsive adoption strategies may enhance technology uptake.

Animal Manure as an Alternative Bioenergy Resource in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Present Insights, Challenges, and Prospects for Future Advancements

Energy availability is a pivotal driver in fostering sustainable socio-economic development. However, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) grapples with paradoxes headlined by abundant energy resources but with the world’s lowest access to clean energy index per capita. Faced with a lack of access to clean energy sources like electricity, rural areas in the majority of SSA countries almost exclusively depend on biomass-fuels, mostly fuelwood, leading to heightened respiratory health risks as well as environmental degradation and accelerated climate change. As an alternative, this review investigates the potential of animal manure as a sustainable energy resource for rural SSA households, emphasising its utilisation as a feedstock for biogas production using anaerobic digestor technology. Results show that despite the abundance of literature that reports on successes in lab-scale bioreactor optimisation, as well as successes in the initial rollout of biogas biodigester technology in SSA with the help of international collaborators, the actual uptake of biogas bioreactor technology by rural communities remains low, while installed bioreactors are experiencing high failure rates. Resultantly, rural SSA still lags significantly behind in the adoption of sustainable clean energy systems in comparison to rural communities in other regions. Among some of the hurdles identified as driving low technology assimilation are onerous policy requirements, low-level government involvement, high bioreactor-instalment costs, the lack of training and awareness, and water scarcity. Prospects for success lie in innovative technologies like the low-cost portable FlexiBiogas system and private–public partnerships, as well as flexible energy policy frameworks. Bridging the knowledge-implementation gap requires a holistic approach considering cultural, technological, and policy aspects.

The influence of gender specific decisions on household technology choice within the farming households in central Uganda

How households make decisions, who influences decision making and how members bargain over resources and opportunities greatly affects the livelihood and wellbeing of members within a given household. This study sought to understand gender specific decisions and their influence on household technology choice, packaging and adoption of agricultural technologies. Growing Bananas with Trees and Livestock (GBTL) technology system was implemented by National Agricultural Research Organisation and Bioversity International in three districts of Central Uganda: Kiboga, Nakaseke and Ssembabule. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), typologies were created in which two distinct clusters of farming households were revealed. Using a bargaining model of technology adoption, three types of households were identified; male and female only, female only and male only headed households. For technology uptake, either a single component, two components or all components of a technology was adopted. Results indicated that Household size, age, land owned, labour and gender composition of the household positively influenced the adoption of the technology. Farm households were able to take up and adopt components of the technology that were equivalent to the available household resources. Technology choice and adoption was influenced by available land, labor and household objectives (food, income and nutrition security). Households' ability to avert the loss of production and/or assets was very varied and depended on household size. For non-business home expenses, decisions followed a gendered perspective where households with both male and female, had more participants involved in household decision making, households make decision jointly when it comes to purchases and sales. Banana plantations establishment and management was for the spouse. Livestock production was initiated and managed by the household heads. Individual decisions were influenced by age of the household head, livestock owner. Joint household’s decision making was significant on purchases, sales of inputs and outputs, land ownership, and were influenced by household size and farm size. This study brings out important policy implications that in order to ensure widespread adoption of improved technologies, there should be equitable access to complementary inputs, especially land and labour for females. And technology packaging should take into consideration the gender specific decisions for sustainable agricultural development. Key words: Decision making, Technology choice, adoption, Coffee banana farming system, Gender

Increasing retrofit device adoption in social housing: Evidence from two field experiments in Belgium

Energy efficient technologies are particularly important for social housing settings: they offer the potential to improve tenants' wellbeing through monetary savings and comfort, while reducing emissions of entire communities. Slow uptake of innovative energy technology in social housing has been associated with a lack of trust and the perceived risks of adoption. To counteract both, we designed a communication campaign for a retrofit technology for heating including social norms for technology adoption and concretely experienced benefits. We report two randomized controlled trials (RCT) in two different social housing communities in Belgium. In the first study, randomization was on housing block level: the communication led to significant higher uptake rates compared to the control group, (β = 1.7, p = 0.024). In the second study randomization occurred on apartment level, again yielding a significant increase (β = 1.62, p = .02), when an interaction with housing blocks was considered. We discuss challenges of conducting randomized controlled trials in social housing communities.

Participatory variety evaluation and selection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties; an underpinning to novel technology uptake in northwestern Ethiopia

The productivity and production of chickpeas can be improved by using access-improved varieties that are suitable for the specific agroecology. However, the foundation for adopting new technology is participatory variety selection (PVS). Therefore, this study aimed to identify the best adaptively improved chickpea varieties in northwestern Ethiopia based on the preferences of farmers in Adet and Fogera Districts. The experiment consisted of ten improved chickpea varieties (Desi and Kabuli) that were evaluated in three replications using the mother baby trail approach, including on-station and on-farm evaluations. According to this trail, the highest grain yield among different types of chickpeas was observed in the varieties Teketay (2327.8 kg/ha), Dalota (2175.9 kg/ha), and Geletu (2123.6 kg/ha). Among the Kabuli types, Koka (2813.2 kg/ha) and Dhera (2325.7 kg/ha) showed the highest mean values of grain yield. At Adet location, the varieties Teketay (2772.2 kg/ha), Dalota (2459.7 kg/ha), and Geletu (2270.8 kg/ha) produced the highest grain yield. Similarly, Koka (3195.8 kg/ha), Dhera (2604.2 kg/ha), and Ejere (2601.4 kg/ha) were the top-yielding Kabuli chickpea varieties. Farmers from Adet location in Senkengha Kebele selected three Desi and three Kabuli chickpea varieties, namely Geletu, Teketay, and Dalota, in that order, as well as Koka, Hora, and Ejere. Meanwhile, farmers in Mousobo Kebele identified Koka, Dhera, and Hora from the Kabuli type as the best varieties. The varieties Geletu (1976.4 kg/ha), Dalota (1891.9 kg/ha), and Teketay (1883.3 kg/ha) had the highest mean grain yield at Fogera location. Similarly, in the Kabuli chickpea varieties, the highest mean value of grain yield was obtained from Koka (2430.6 kg/ha) followed by Hora (2097.2 kg/ha), and Dhera (2047.2 kg/ha). Farmers have chosen three of the best Desi and Kabuli chickpea varieties, i.e Geletu, Teketay, and Dalota, and Local check (Shasho) followed by Koka and Ejere at Fogera location, Geina Kebele in that order. In conclusion, the adoption and dissemination of new improved varieties for the new environment can assist the producers such as the farmers for effective chickpea production. This leads to sustainable self-sufficiency of food at the household and country level.

Blockchain Technology Implementation in Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review

This paper aims to comprehensively review the main benefits, limitations, and challenges associated with the uptake of Blockchain technology in supply chain management (SCM). The study utilizes the literature review method, examining articles published from 2016 to 2022 and exploring the factors influencing the adoption and implementation of Blockchain in SCM. Multiple scholarly insights have shown no more hacking or cherry picking of options given for presenting data with high confidence and, therefore, reliability, as well as an ability to see everything in a highly limited way. An SCM looking at these multi-party evolutionary models shows that for Blockchain, the key advantages center on significantly increased security, confidentiality, traceability, transparency, data accuracy, privacy, efficiency, accountability, and trust. In contrast, the review has also detailed several limitations and challenges that must be overcome by firms and industries looking to adopt Blockchain within their SCM processes, which include problems with scaling, lower performance as a result of interoperability issues, legal and regulatory matters, very high initial implementation and ongoing maintenance costs, a struggle with standardization of the technology and the needed surveillance of this space, avoidance of technology adoption because of trust, the substantial energy used, low awareness, complexity of integrating with existing systems, being in its last mile in partnerships, and privacy. Even with this potential to transform and be disrupted across industry and its sectors, there are still very significant challenges for Blockchain. For those looking to actually utilize SCM and other sectors, understanding this from a variety of perspectives is of great interest to understand if the technology is fit for that sector and what strategies or networks need to be established or linked into with existing firms. Regardless, if these challenges can be overcome and responded to, then the greater protection and efficiency of current and future SCM processes will not only occur, but it can be the first significant node for broader industry-wide innovation and gains in efficiency.